2024 年全國碩士研究生招生考試
英語（一）試題
（科目代碼：201）
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
????????There’s nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. （1）?the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in （2）?disabled access to buildings and helping provide general （3）?to commercial buildings.
????????Self - sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years （4）?by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt. They （5）?as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their （6）?have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particularly （7）?in busy locations or during times of emergency, the doors （8）?crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples’ way.
? ? ? ? （9）?making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area （10）?by them. Automatic doors often open to the side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these （11） smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to （12） the way for a large, sticking - out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each （13） specific signals to tell them when to open. （14） these methods differ, the main （15） remain the same.
????????Each automatic door system （16） the light, sound, weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to （17） the different environments they are needed in. （18）, a busy street might not （19） a motion - sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers - by. A pressure - sensitive mat would be more （20） to limit the surveyed area.
1.[A] Through????????[B] Despite????????[C] Besides????????[D] Without
2.[A] revealing????????[B] demanding????????[C] improving????????[D] tracing
3.[A] experience????????[B] convenience????????[C] guidance????????[D] reference
4.[A] previously????????[B] temporarily????????[C] successively????????[D] eventually
5.[A] held on????????[B] started out????????[C] settled down????????[D] went by
6.[A] relations????????[B] volumes????????[C] benefits????????[D] sources
7.[A] useful????????[B] simple????????[C] flexible????????[D] stable
8[A] call for????????[B] yield to????????[C] insist on????????[D] act as
9.[A] As well as????????[B] In terms of????????[C] Thanks to????????[D] Rather than
10.[A] connected????????[B] shared????????[C] represented????????[D] occupied
11.[A] allow????????[B] expect????????[C] require????????[D] direct
12.[A] adopt????????[B] lead????????[C] clear????????[D] change???????
13.[A] adapting to????????[B] deriving from????????[C] relying on????????[D] pointing at
14.[A] Once????????[B] Since????????[C] Unless????????[D] Although
15.[A] records????????[B] positions????????[C] principles????????[D] reasons
16.[A] controls????????[B] analyses????????[C] produces????????[D] mixes
17.[A] decorate????????[B] compare????????[C] protect????????[D] complement????????
18.[A] In conclusion????????[B] By contrast????????[C] For example????????[D] Above all
19.[A] identify????????[B] suit????????[C] secure????????[D] include????????
20.[A] appropriate????????[B] obvious????????[C] impressive????????[D] delicate
翻譯：
第一節 英語知識運用
說明：
閱讀下面的短文。為每個標有序號的空白處選擇最合適的單詞，并在答題卡上標記 A、B、C 或 D。（10 分）
????????沒有什么比為你打開的門更讓人感到受歡迎的了。自動門無需手動開關，對于改善殘疾人進入建筑物的通道至關重要，同時也有助于為商業建筑提供普遍的便利。
????????自動滑動門在 1960 年作為商業產品出現，它是由美國人迪?霍頓（Dee Horton）和盧?休伊特（Lew Hewitt）在六年前發明的。它們起初只是一種新奇的功能，但隨著使用范圍的擴大，在我們這個技術先進的世界里，其益處也在不斷擴展。在繁忙場所或緊急情況下尤其有用，這些門通過減少人們通行的障礙，起到人群管理的作用。
????????除了讓人們進出建筑物更方便之外，許多自動門開啟方式的不同還有助于減少它們所占用的總面積。自動門通常向側面開啟，門板相互滑動。這些門取代了平開門，使小型建筑能夠在無需為向外突出的大門清理通道的情況下，最大化內部可用空間。自動門有很多不同的類型，每種都依靠特定的信號來指示何時開啟。盡管這些方法各不相同，但主要的原理是一樣的。
????????每個自動門系統都會分析其附近的光線、聲音、重量或運動作為開啟的信號。選擇傳感器類型是為了適配其所需的不同環境。例如，繁忙的街道可能不適合安裝運動感應門，因為它會不斷地為路人開啟。壓力感應墊在限制檢測區域方面會更合適。
1.
[A] Through：通過；穿過
[B] Despite：盡管；不管
[C] Besides：除…… 之外（還）
[D] Without：沒有；不用
2.
[A] revealing：揭示；透露；展現
[B] demanding：要求；需要；苛求的
[C] improving：改善；提高；改進
[D] tracing：追蹤；追溯；描繪
3.
[A] experience：經歷；經驗
[B] convenience：便利；方便；便利設施
[C] guidance：指導；引導；咨詢
[D] reference：參考；參照；涉及
4.
[A] previously：先前；以前
[B] temporarily：暫時地；臨時地
[C] successively：連續地；依次地；相繼地
[D] eventually：最終；終于
5.
[A] held on：堅持；抓住不放；繼續
[B] started out：起初是；開始時是；出發
[C] settled down：定居；安定下來；平靜下來
[D] went by：（時間）流逝；過去；經過
6.
[A] relations：關系；聯系；交往
[B] volumes：體積；容量；音量；大量
[C] benefits：益處；好處；福利
[D] sources：來源；出處；消息來源
7.
[A] useful：有用的；實用的；有幫助的
[B] simple：簡單的；簡易的；單純的
[C] flexible：靈活的；可變動的；柔韌的
[D] stable：穩定的；穩固的；安定的
8.
[A] call for：要求；需要；呼吁
[B] yield to：屈服于；讓步于；順從
[C] insist on：堅持；堅決要求；堅決主張
[D] act as：充當；擔任；起…… 作用
9.
[A] As well as：除…… 之外（還）；和…… 一樣
[B] In terms of：就…… 而言；在…… 方面；關于
[C] Thanks to：由于；幸虧；因為
[D] Rather than：而不是；與其…… 倒不如
10.
[A] connected：連接；關聯；聯系
[B] shared：分享；共享；共用
[C] represented：代表；象征；表示
[D] occupied：占用；占據；忙于
11.
[A] allow：允許；準許；使能夠
[B] expect：期望；預計；期待
[C] require：要求；需要；規定
[D] direct：指導；指揮；指向；管理
12.
[A] adopt：采用；采取；收養
[B] lead：引導；帶領；導致
[C] clear：清理；清除；使清楚易懂
[D] change：改變；變化；更改
13.
[A] adapting to：適應；使適應
[B] deriving from：源自；來源于；由…… 衍生
[C] relying on：依靠；依賴；信賴
[D] pointing at：指向；指著
14.
[A] Once：一旦；一…… 就；曾經
[B] Since：因為；既然；自從
[C] Unless：除非；如果不
[D] Although：雖然；盡管；即使
15.
[A] records：記錄；記載；唱片
[B] positions：位置；職位；立場
[C] principles：原理；原則；準則
[D] reasons：原因；理由；道理
16.
[A] controls：控制；支配；管理
[B] analyses：分析；剖析；對…… 進行分析
[C] produces：生產；產生；制造
[D] mixes：混合；攪拌；使結合
17.
[A] decorate：裝飾；裝修；美化
[B] compare：比較；對比；與…… 類似
[C] protect：保護；防護；保衛
[D] complement：補充；補足；使完美
18.
[A] In conclusion：總之；最后；綜上所述
[B] By contrast：相比之下；與之相比；相反
[C] For example：例如；比如
[D] Above all：首先；最重要的是；尤其是
19.
[A] identify：識別；認出；鑒定
[B] suit：適合；適宜；相配
[C] secure：保護；使安全；獲得
[D] include：包括；包含；使成為…… 的一部分
20.
[A] appropriate：合適的；恰當的；相稱的
[B] obvious：明顯的；顯然的；易理解的
[C] impressive：令人印象深刻的；引人注目的；了不起的
[D] delicate：精致的；微妙的；易碎的
逐題解析及中英對照
第 1 題
英文解析：“1?the need to be touched to open or close”，這里需要一個表示 “無需” 含義的詞，“Without” 表示 “沒有；無需” ，符合語境，即自動門無需觸摸即可開關。“Through” 意為 “通過”；“Despite” 意為 “盡管”；“Besides” 意為 “除…… 之外（還）” ，均不符合此處語義。
中文解析：無需觸摸即可打開或關閉，“Without”（無需）符合語義，“Through”（通過）、“Despite”（盡管）、“Besides”（除…… 之外還）不符合。
第 2 題
英文解析：“automatic doors are essential in?2?disabled access to buildings”，“improving” 有 “改善；提高” 的意思，自動門對于改善殘疾人進入建筑物的通道是至關重要的 。“revealing” 意為 “揭示；透露”；“demanding” 意為 “要求；需要”；“tracing” 意為 “追蹤；追溯” ，都不能準確表達此處 “改善通道” 的含義。
中文解析：自動門在改善殘疾人進入建筑物的通道方面至關重要，“improving”（改善）合適，“revealing”（揭示）、“demanding”（要求）、“tracing”（追蹤）不合適。
第 3 題
英文解析：“helping provide general?3?to commercial buildings”，“convenience” 表示 “便利；方便” ，自動門能為進入商業建筑提供便利。“experience” 意為 “經歷；經驗”；“guidance” 意為 “指導；引導”；“reference” 意為 “參考；參照” ，都不符合 “提供便利” 這一語義。
中文解析：幫助為進入商業建筑提供普遍的便利，“convenience”（便利）正確，“experience”（經驗）、“guidance”（指導）、“reference”（參考）錯誤。
第 4 題
英文解析：“invented six years?4?by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt”，“previously” 表示 “先前；以前” ，即自動門在 1960 年作為商業產品出現，是在六年前被發明的。“temporarily” 意為 “暫時地”；“successively” 意為 “連續地；依次地”；“eventually” 意為 “最終；終于” ，都不符合 “六年前發明” 的時間描述。
中文解析：六年前由美國人迪?霍頓和盧?休伊特發明，“previously”（先前）符合，“temporarily”（暫時地）、“successively”（連續地）、“eventually”（最終）不符合。
第 5 題
英文解析：“They?5?as a novelty feature”，“started out” 有 “起初是；開始時是” 的意思，這里指自動門起初是作為一種新奇的功能。“held on” 意為 “堅持；繼續”；“settled down” 意為 “定居；安定下來”；“went by” 意為 “經過；逝去” ，都不能表達 “起初是” 的含義。
中文解析：它們起初是作為一種新奇的功能，“started out”（起初是）正確，“held on”（堅持）、“settled down”（定居）、“went by”（經過）錯誤。
第 6 題
英文解析：“but as their use has grown, their?6?have extended within our technologically advanced world”，“benefits” 表示 “益處；好處” ，隨著自動門使用的增加，它們的益處也在科技發達的世界中擴展。“relations” 意為 “關系；聯系”；“volumes” 意為 “體積；容量；音量”；“sources” 意為 “來源；根源” ，都不符合 “益處擴展” 的語義。
中文解析：但隨著其使用的增加，它們的益處在科技發達的世界中得到擴展，“benefits”（益處）合適，“relations”（關系）、“volumes”（體積等）、“sources”（來源）不合適。
第 7 題
英文解析：“Particularly?7?in busy locations or during times of emergency”，“useful” 表示 “有用的；實用的” ，自動門在繁忙場所或緊急情況下特別有用。“simple” 意為 “簡單的”；“flexible” 意為 “靈活的”；“stable” 意為 “穩定的” ，都不能準確表達 “有用” 這一語義。
中文解析：在繁忙場所或緊急情況下特別有用，“useful”（有用的）正確，“simple”（簡單的）、“flexible”（靈活的）、“stable”（穩定的）錯誤。
第 8 題
英文解析：“the doors?8?crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples’ way”，“act as” 表示 “充當；起…… 作用” ，自動門通過減少人們通行的障礙，起到人群管理的作用。“call for” 意為 “要求；需要”；“yield to” 意為 “屈服于；讓步于”；“insist on” 意為 “堅持；堅決要求” ，都不符合 “起到…… 作用” 的語義。
中文解析：這些門通過減少人們通行的障礙起到人群管理的作用，“act as”（充當、起作用）合適，“call for”（要求）、“yield to”（屈服）、“insist on”（堅持）不合適。
第 9 題
英文解析：“9?making access both in and out of buildings easier for people”，“As well as” 表示 “除…… 之外（還）；和…… 一樣” ，這里表示自動門除了讓人們進出建筑物更方便之外，還有其他作用。“In terms of” 意為 “就…… 而言；在…… 方面”；“Thanks to” 意為 “由于；幸虧”；“Rather than” 意為 “而不是” ，都不符合此處語義。
中文解析：除了讓人們進出建筑物更方便之外，“As well as”（除…… 之外還）符合，“In terms of”（就…… 而言）、“Thanks to”（由于）、“Rather than”（而不是）不符合。
第 10 題
英文解析：“the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area?10?by them”，“occupied” 表示 “占用；占據” ，自動門開啟方式的不同有助于減少它們所占用的總面積。“connected” 意為 “連接；關聯”；“shared” 意為 “分享；共享”；“represented” 意為 “代表；象征” ，都不符合 “占用面積” 的語義。
中文解析：許多這種門開啟方式的不同有助于減少它們所占用的總面積，“occupied”（占用）正確，“connected”（連接）、“shared”（分享）、“represented”（代表）錯誤。
第 11 題
英文解析：“Replacing swing doors, these?11?smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside”，“allow” 表示 “允許；使能夠” ，自動門取代平開門，使較小的建筑物能夠最大化內部可用空間。“expect” 意為 “期望；預計”；“require” 意為 “要求；需要”；“direct” 意為 “指導；指揮；指向” ，都不符合 “使…… 能夠” 的語義。
中文解析：取代平開門，這些（自動門）使較小的建筑物能夠最大化內部可用空間，“allow”（使能夠）合適，“expect”（期望）、“require”（要求）、“direct”（指導）不合適。
第 12 題
英文解析：“without having to?12?the way for a large, sticking - out door”，“clear” 有 “清理；清除” 的意思，這里指不需要為向外突出的大門清理通道。“adopt” 意為 “采用；收養”；“lead” 意為 “引導；帶領”；“change” 意為 “改變；變化” ，都不符合 “清理通道” 的語義。
中文解析：無需為向外突出的大門清理通道，“clear”（清理）正確，“adopt”（采用）、“lead”（引導）、“change”（改變）錯誤。
第 13 題
英文解析：“with each?13?specific signals to tell them when to open”，“relying on” 表示 “依靠；依賴” ，不同類型的自動門依靠特定的信號來告知何時開啟。“adapting to” 意為 “適應”；“deriving from” 意為 “源自；來源于”；“pointing at” 意為 “指向” ，都不符合 “依靠信號” 的語義。
中文解析：每種（自動門）都依靠特定的信號來告知何時開啟，“relying on”（依靠）合適，“adapting to”（適應）、“deriving from”（源自）、“pointing at”（指向）不合適。
第 14 題
英文解析：“14?these methods differ, the main?15?remain the same”，“Although” 表示 “雖然；盡管” ，引導讓步狀語從句，即雖然這些方法不同，但主要的原理是相同的。“Once” 意為 “一旦”；“Since” 意為 “因為；既然；自從”；“Unless” 意為 “除非” ，都不符合此處讓步的語義。
中文解析：雖然這些方法不同，但主要的（內容）保持相同，“Although”（雖然）符合，“Once”（一旦）、“Since”（因為等）、“Unless”（除非）不符合。
第 15 題
英文解析：“the main?15?remain the same”，“principles” 表示 “原理；原則” ，這里指自動門開啟的主要原理是相同的。“records” 意為 “記錄；記載”；“positions” 意為 “位置；職位”；“reasons” 意為 “原因；理由” ，都不符合 “原理相同” 的語義。
中文解析：主要的原理保持相同，“principles”（原理）正確，“records”（記錄）、“positions”（位置）、“reasons”（原因）錯誤。
第 16 題
英文解析：“Each automatic door system?16?the light, sound, weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open”，“analyses” 表示 “分析” ，每個自動門系統分析其附近的光、聲、重量或運動作為開啟的信號。“controls” 意為 “控制”；“produces” 意為 “生產；產生”；“mixes” 意為 “混合；攪拌” ，都不符合 “分析信號” 的語義。
中文解析：每個自動門系統分析其附近的光、聲、重量或運動作為開啟的信號，“analyses”（分析）合適，“controls”（控制）、“produces”（產生）、“mixes”（混合）不合適。
第 17 題
英文解析：“Sensor types are chosen to?17?the different environments they are needed in”，“complement” 表示 “補充；補足；使完美” ，選擇傳感器類型是為了適應它們所需的不同環境，也就是使環境功能更完善。“decorate” 意為 “裝飾；裝修”；“compare” 意為 “比較；對比”；“protect” 意為 “保護；防護” ，都不符合 “適應環境” 的語義。
中文解析：選擇傳感器類型是為了適應它們所需的不同環境，“complement”（使適應、補充）正確，“decorate”（裝飾）、“compare”（比較）、“protect”（保護）錯誤。
第 18 題
英文解析：“18, a busy street might not?19?a motion - sensored door”，“For example” 表示 “例如” ，這里是通過舉例說明不同環境對傳感器的選擇。“In conclusion” 意為 “總之；最后”；“By contrast” 意為 “相比之下；與之相比”；“Above all” 意為 “首先；最重要的是” ，都不符合此處舉例的語境。
中文解析：例如，繁忙的街道可能不（適合某種情況），“For example”（例如）符合，“In conclusion”（總之）、“By contrast”（相比之下）、“Above all”（首先）不符合。
第 19 題
英文解析：“a busy street might not?19?a motion - sensored door”，“suit” 表示 “適合；適宜” ，繁忙的街道可能不適合使用運動感應門。“identify” 意為 “識別；認出”；“secure” 意為 “保護；使安全；獲得”；“include” 意為 “包括；包含” ，都不符合 “適合” 的語義。
中文解析：繁忙的街道可能不適合運動感應門，“suit”（適合）正確，“identify”（識別）、“secure”（保護等）、“include”（包括）錯誤。
第 20 題
英文解析：“A pressure - sensitive mat would be more?20?to limit the surveyed area”，“appropriate” 表示 “合適的；恰當的” ，壓力感應墊在限制檢測區域方面更合適。“obvious” 意為 “明顯的；顯然的”；“impressive” 意為 “令人印象深刻的；引人注目的”；“delicate” 意為 “精致的；微妙的” ，都不符合 “合適” 的語義。
中文解析：壓力感應墊在限制檢測區域方面更合適，“appropriate”（合適的）正確，“obvious”（明顯的）、“impressive”（令人印象深刻的）、“delicate”（精致的）錯誤。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
????????Nearly 2,000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure: 10 tons of nails, nearly a million of the things. The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four - metre - deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.
??????Why had the Romans buried a million nails? The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon - grade iron. The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.
????????Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith’s labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book?Nuts and Bolts, early 17th - century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple - seeming technology was.
????????The price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid - 1900s, as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper. According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.
????????Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they haven’t changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails. It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695, but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.
????????I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects: their price. I am an economist, after all. After writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing I’ve learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype, it’s the cheap technologies that change the world.
????????The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on, thanks to an often - overlooked technology called paper. Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap; now they are transforming the global energy system.
1.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of
[A] saving them for future use.
[B] keeping them from rusting.
[C] letting them grow in value.
[D] hiding them from the locals.2.The example of early 17th - century Virginians is used to
[A] highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.
[B] illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.
[C] contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.
[D] show the preciousness of nail - making technology at that time.3.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?
[A] Increased productivity.
[B] Wider use of new energies.
[C] Fiercer market competition.
[D] Reduced cost of raw materials.4.It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails
[A] have undergone many technological improvements.
[B] have remained basically the same since Roman times.
[C] are less studied than other everyday products.
[D] are one of the world’s most significant inventions.5.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?
[A] Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change.
[B] Technological innovation is integral to economic success.
[C] Technology defines people’s understanding of the world.
[D] Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.
翻譯
第二部分 閱讀理解
A 部分
說明：
閱讀以下四篇短文。從 A、B、C、D 四個選項中為每篇短文后的問題選擇正確答案，并在答題卡 1 上作答。（40 分）
第一篇文章
????????大約 2000 年前，當羅馬人開始撤離蘇格蘭時，他們留下了一件奇特的寶藏：10 噸釘子，近 100 萬枚。這批釘子于 1960 年在一個 4 米深、上面覆蓋著 2 米礫石的坑里被發現。
????????羅馬人為什么要掩埋 100 萬枚釘子呢？一個合理的解釋是，他們撤離得很匆忙，不想讓當地的喀里多尼亞人得到這 10 噸武器級別的鐵。羅馬人把釘子埋得很深，以至于近兩千年來都未被發現。
????????后世文明對熟練鐵匠在制造釘子過程中付出的勞動的珍視，甚至超過了對原材料的重視。正如羅瑪?阿格拉瓦爾在她那本有趣的新書《螺母與螺栓》中所闡述的，17 世紀早期的弗吉尼亞人如果打算搬遷，有時會燒毀自己的房子。這是為了回收那些寶貴的釘子，在篩濾灰燼后，這些釘子可以重新使用。有人為了回收釘子而燒毀整棟房子，這一想法突顯了這項看似簡單的技術曾經是多么稀缺、昂貴和珍貴。
????????經濟學家丹尼爾?西切爾在一篇研究論文中指出，在 18 世紀末到 20 世紀中期之間，釘子的價格下降了 90%。據西切爾稱，盡管釘子價格的下降部分歸因于更便宜的鐵和能源，但主要功勞在于釘子制造商，他們找到了更高效的方法將鋼材制成釘子。
????????多年來，釘子本身也有了一些變化，但西切爾研究它們，正是因為它們變化不大。羅馬的燈具和戰車與 LED 燈帶和跑車大不相同，但羅馬的釘子顯然還是釘子。試圖追蹤自 1695 年以來跑車價格的變化是荒謬的，但探究釘子價格的變化卻完全合理。
????????我對這些物品的一個特定特征 —— 價格 —— 著迷，對此我并不覺得有什么不妥。畢竟，我是一名經濟學家。在寫了兩本關于發明史的書之后，我學到的一件事是，雖然那些令人著迷的尖端技術備受炒作，但改變世界的卻是那些廉價的技術。
????????古登堡印刷機之所以改變了文明，不是因為它改變了書寫的本質，而是因為它改變了書寫的成本 —— 而且，如果不是因為一種常被忽視的技術 —— 紙張 —— 使得書寫載體的價格大幅下降，它也不會有多大成就。太陽能電池板在價格變得低廉之前，用途有限；而現在，它們正在改變全球能源體系。
1.
解析
答案：D
解析：根據文章第二段第二句 “The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon - grade iron.” 可知，羅馬人掩埋釘子可能是不想讓當地的喀里多尼亞人得到這些武器級別的鐵，也就是把釘子藏起來不讓當地人得到 ，D 選項 “hiding them from the locals”（把它們藏起來不讓當地人得到）符合文意。A 選項 “saving them for future use”（留著以后使用）、B 選項 “keeping them from rusting”（防止它們生銹）、C 選項 “letting them grow in value”（讓它們增值）在文中均未提及。2.
答案：D
解析：文章第三段提到 17 世紀早期弗吉尼亞人搬遷時會燒毀房子來回收釘子，隨后指出 “The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple - seeming technology was.”，即通過這個例子強調了當時制釘技術的珍貴，D 選項 “show the preciousness of nail - making technology at that time”（展示當時制釘技術的珍貴）正確。A 選項 “highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists”（突出早期美國殖民者的節儉），文章重點并非強調節儉；B 選項 “illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period”（說明那個時期鐵匠的高地位），例子未體現鐵匠地位；C 選項 “contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails”（對比不同文明對釘子的態度），該例子主要是體現制釘技術珍貴，而非對比不同文明態度 。3.
答案：A
解析：由文章第四段最后一句 “According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.” 可知，釘子價格下降雖然部分歸因于更便宜的鐵和能源，但主要原因是釘子制造商找到了更高效的生產方式，也就是提高了生產力，A 選項 “Increased productivity”（提高生產力）符合。B 選項 “Wider use of new energies”（新能源的更廣泛使用）、C 選項 “Fiercer market competition”（更激烈的市場競爭）文中未提及；D 選項 “Reduced cost of raw materials”（原材料成本降低）不是主要原因。4.
答案：B
解析：第五段提到 “Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails.”，將羅馬時期的燈具、戰車與現代的 LED 燈帶、跑車對比，指出羅馬釘子和現在的釘子基本一樣，說明自羅馬時代以來釘子基本保持不變，B 選項 “have remained basically the same since Roman times”（自羅馬時代以來基本保持不變）正確。A 選項 “have undergone many technological improvements”（經歷了許多技術改進）與原文不符；C 選項 “are less studied than other everyday products”（比其他日常用品研究得少）文中未提及；D 選項 “are one of the world’s most significant inventions”（是世界上最重要的發明之一），文中沒有相關表述。5.
答案：A
解析：最后兩段作者先表明自己關注釘子價格是因為自己是經濟學家，接著指出雖然尖端技術備受關注，但改變世界的是廉價技術，還以古登堡印刷機和太陽能電池板為例進行說明，強調廉價技術帶來了革命性的變化，A 選項 “Cheap technologies bring about revolutionary change”（廉價技術帶來革命性變化）能很好地概括。B 選項 “Technological innovation is integral to economic success”（技術創新對經濟成功至關重要），未突出 “廉價技術”；C 選項 “Technology defines people’s understanding of the world”（技術定義了人們對世界的理解），與段落主旨不符；D 選項 “Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions”（尖端技術從小發明發展而來），段落未提及此內容。
重難點詞匯
1.pull out of：撤離；退出 ，文中 “as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland” 表示羅馬人開始撤離蘇格蘭。
2.hoard?/h??d/ ：n. 貯藏；窖藏；大量儲存 ，“The nail hoard” 即這批釘子。
3.withdrawal?/w?e?dr???l/ ：n. 撤退；撤離；收回 ，“the withdrawal was rushed” 指撤離很匆忙。
4.get one's hands on?：得到；獲得 ，“they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon - grade iron” 意思是不想讓當地人得到這些鐵。
5.millennia?/m??leni?/ ：millennium 的復數形式，意為一千年；千年期 ，“for almost two millennia” 表示近兩千年。
6.reclaim?/r??kle?m/ ：v. 回收；再生利用；開墾 ，“reclaim the nails” 即回收釘子 。
7.underline?/??nd??la?n/ ：v. 強調；突出；在…… 下面畫線 ，“underlines how scarce, costly and valuable...” 突出了…… 多么稀缺、昂貴和珍貴。
8.sift?/s?ft/ ：v. 篩；篩分；過濾；細查 ，“sifting the ashes” 指篩濾灰燼 。
9.credit?/?kred?t/ ：n. 贊揚；功勞；信貸 ，“most of the credit goes to...” 大部分功勞歸于……
10.obsessed?/?b?sesd/ ：adj. 著迷的；迷戀的；心神不寧的 ，“be obsessed by” 對…… 著迷 。
11.enchantingly?/?n?t?ɑ?nt??li/ ：adv. 迷人地；令人陶醉地 ，“enchantingly sophisticated 12.technologies” 令人著迷的尖端技術 。
13.sophisticated?/s??f?st?ke?t?d/ ：adj. 復雜的；精密的；尖端的 ，如 “sophisticated technologies” 尖端技術 。
14.hype?/ha?p/ ：n. 炒作；大肆宣傳；夸張的廣告 ，“get all the hype” 備受炒作 。
15.parallel?/?p?r?lel/ ：adj. 平行的；類似的；同時發生的 ，“a parallel collapse” 類似的下降 。
重難點語法
? ? ? ? 1.The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon - grade iron.
????????語法點：本句中 “that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon - grade iron” 是表語從句，作 “is” 的表語 。在 “they didn’t want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon - grade iron” 中，“want sb. doing sth.” 是一種常見結構，表示想要某人做某事 。
? ? ? ? 2.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book?Nuts and Bolts, early 17th - century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.
????????語法點：“As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book?Nuts and Bolts” 是 as 引導的非限制性定語從句，as 指代后面整個句子的內容，在從句中作賓語 。同時，“if they were planning to relocate” 是條件狀語從句，這里使用了過去進行時表示過去將來的動作 。
? ? ? ? 3.According to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.
????????語法點：本句中 “although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy” 是 although 引導的讓步狀語從句 。“who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “nail manufacturers” ，關系代詞 who 在從句中作主語 。
Text 2
????????Parenting tips obtained from hunter - gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested. The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults. Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby - wearing”, in which infants are carried in slings, is considered the norm.
????????According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary, an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University, these practices, known as alloparenting, could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.
????????Dr Annie Swanepoel, a child psychiatrist, believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life. In Germany, one scheme has paired an old people’s home with a nursery. The residents help to look after the children, an arrangement akin to alloparenting. Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years, to mirror the unsupervised mixed - age playgrounds in hunter - gatherer communities.
????????In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history. This abrupt shift to an “intensive mothering narrative”, which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone, was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,” they wrote.
????????By contrast, in hunter - gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child’s care. One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old, and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.
????????Chaudhary said that parents now have less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans’ evolutionary history, but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression, which could have a “knock - on” benefit to a child’s wellbeing. An infant born to a hunter - gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers—this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.
????????While hunter - gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed - age playgrounds, researchers said that western “instructive teaching”, where pupils are asked to sit still, may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents “might also enhance their own social development.”
1.According to the first two paragraphs, alloparenting refers to the practice of
[A] sharing childcare among community members.
[B] assigning babies to specific adult caregivers.
[C] teaching parenting skills to older children.
[D] carrying infants around by their parents.2.The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate
[A] an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication.
[B] an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society.
[C] the conventional parenting style in western culture.
[D] the differences between western and African ways of living.3.According to Paragraph 4, the “intensive mothering narrative”
[A] alleviates parenting pressure.
[B] consolidates family relationships.
[C] results in the child-centered family.
[D] departs from the course of evolution.4.According to Paragraph 6, what can we learn about the nurseries in the UK?
[A] They tend to fall short of official requirements.
[B] They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.
[C] They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.
[D] They should try to prevent parental depression.5.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Instructive Teaching: A Dilemma for Anxious Parents
[B] For a Happier Family, Learn from the Hunter-gatherers
[C] Mixed-age Playgroup, a Better Choice for Lonely Children
[D] Tracing the History of Parenting: from Africa to Europe
翻譯
第二篇文章
????????研究人員指出，從非洲狩獵采集者那里獲得的育兒經驗，可能是培養出更滿足的孩子的關鍵。這一觀點基于對博茨瓦納昆族等社群的研究，在這些社群中，每個孩子都由許多成年人照顧。年僅四歲的昆族孩子就會幫忙照顧更小的孩子，而且 “背嬰兒”（用背帶背著嬰兒）被視為常規做法。
????????劍橋大學的進化人類學家尼基爾?喬杜里博士表示，這些被稱為 “異親撫養” 的做法，能減少孩子和父母的焦慮。
????????兒童精神病學家安妮?斯瓦內普爾博士認為，有辦法將這些做法融入西方生活。在德國，有一個項目將養老院和托兒所配對。養老院的居民幫忙照顧孩子，這種安排類似于異親撫養。另一個措施可以是鼓勵不同年級的孩子建立友誼，以效仿狩獵采集社群中無人監管的混齡游樂場。
????????研究人員在《兒童心理學與精神病學雜志》上發表的一篇論文中指出，西方的核心家庭是一項較新的發明，它與進化史相悖。這種突然轉向 “高強度母育模式”（即認為母親應該獨自承擔育兒責任）的做法可能有害。他們寫道：“這種觀念會導致母親精疲力竭，并產生危險后果。”
????????相比之下，在狩獵采集社會中，除父母之外的成年人幾乎可以承擔對孩子一半的照顧。此前有一項針對剛果民主共和國埃菲人的研究。研究發現，嬰兒在 18 周大時，平均每天有 14 個異親照顧者，每小時會在照顧者之間傳遞八次。
????????喬杜里表示，與人類進化史上的大部分時期相比，現在的父母從家庭和社交網絡中得到的育兒支持更少，但引入更多照顧者可以減輕壓力和母親的抑郁情緒，這對孩子的幸福會產生 “連鎖” 益處。在狩獵采集社會出生的嬰兒可能有十多個照顧者，這與英國托兒所的情況形成鮮明對比，英國的規定要求照顧者與兩到三歲兒童的比例為 1:4 。
????????研究人員稱，狩獵采集社會的孩子在混齡游樂場通過觀察和模仿學習，而西方 “指導性教學”（要求學生靜坐）可能會引發注意缺陷多動障礙等問題。喬杜里說，英國應該探索讓年長的兄弟姐妹幫助父母這種做法，“這也可能促進他們自身的社會發展”。
解析
1.答案：A
解析：根據前兩段，尤其是第一段中博茨瓦納昆族社群里多個成年人照顧孩子，以及第二段提到的 “alloparenting” 能減少孩子和父母的焦慮，可知 “alloparenting” 指社區成員共同分擔育兒責任，A 選項 “sharing childcare among community members”（社區成員共同分擔育兒責任）正確。B 選項 “assigning babies to specific adult caregivers”（為嬰兒指定特定的成人照顧者）、C 選項 “teaching parenting skills to older children”（向年長兒童傳授育兒技能）、D 選項 “carrying infants around by their parents”（父母帶著嬰兒四處走動）均不符合文意。2.答案：B
解析：第三段提到德國將養老院和托兒所配對，居民幫忙照顧孩子，此安排類似于 “alloparenting” ，且前文提到有辦法將 “alloparenting” 融入西方生活，所以該例子是為了說明將 “alloparenting” 融入西方社會的一種方式，B 選項 “an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society”（將異親撫養融入西方社會的一種方式）正確。A 選項 “an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication”（促進代際交流的嘗試）并非主要目的；C 選項 “the conventional parenting style in western culture”（西方文化中的傳統育兒方式），德國的這個項目不是傳統育兒方式；D 選項 “the differences between western and African ways of living”（西方和非洲生活方式的差異），例子重點不是體現生活方式差異。3.答案：D
解析：第四段指出西方核心家庭是較新發明，打破了進化史，“intensive mothering narrative” 是突然轉向且有害的，說明這種模式偏離了進化的軌道，D 選項 “departs from the course of evolution”（偏離進化的軌道）正確。A 選項 “alleviates parenting pressure”（減輕育兒壓力）與原文中該模式會導致母親精疲力竭相悖；B 選項 “consolidates family relationships”（鞏固家庭關系）文中未提及；C 選項 “results in the child - centered family”（導致以孩子為中心的家庭），文中未表明該模式有此結果。4.答案：C
解析：第六段將狩獵采集社會嬰兒有眾多照顧者與英國托兒所照顧者與兒童比例（1:4 ）對比，暗示英國托兒所應改善照顧者與兒童的比例，C 選項 “They ought to improve their carer - to - child ratio”（它們應該改善照顧者與兒童的比例）正確。A 選項 “They tend to fall short of official requirements”（它們往往達不到官方要求）文中未提及；B 選項 “They have difficulty finding enough caregivers”（它們很難找到足夠的照顧者），未提及找照顧者困難；D 選項 “They should try to prevent parental depression”（它們應該努力防止父母抑郁），英國托兒所規定主要涉及照顧者與兒童比例，與防止父母抑郁無關。5.答案：B
解析：文章圍繞從非洲狩獵采集者育兒方式（異親撫養）對西方育兒的啟示展開，指出西方可借鑒這些方式培養更幸福的孩子，B 選項 “For a Happier Family, Learn from the Hunter - gatherers”（為了更幸福的家庭，向狩獵采集者學習）能概括文章主旨。A 選項 “Instructive Teaching: A Dilemma for Anxious Parents”（指導性教學：焦慮父母的困境）只涉及文章部分內容；C 選項 “Mixed - age Playgroup, a Better Choice for Lonely Children”（混齡游戲小組，孤獨孩子的更好選擇）也不全面；D 選項 “Tracing the History of Parenting: from Africa to Europe”（追溯育兒史：從非洲到歐洲），文章重點不是追溯育兒史。
重難點詞匯
Text 2
parenting?/?pe?r?nt??/ ：n. 育兒；養育 ，“parenting tips” 育兒經驗
contented?/k?n?tent?d/ ：adj. 滿意的；滿足的 ，“more contented children” 更滿足的孩子
alloparenting?/??l???pe?r?nt??/ ：n. 異親撫養 ，文中核心概念
incorporate?/?n?k??p?re?t/ ：v. 包含；使并入；使融入 ，“incorporate them into western life” 將它們融入西方生活
akin?/??k?n/ ：adj. 相似的；類似的 ，“akin to” 類似于
nuclear family?：核心家庭（指由父母和子女組成的小家庭）
abrupt?/??br?pt/ ：adj. 突然的；意外的 ，“abrupt shift” 突然轉變
maternal?/m??t??nl/ ：adj. 母親的；母性的 ，“maternal exhaustion” 母親精疲力竭
knock - on?：adj. 連鎖的；連帶的 ，“knock - on benefit” 連鎖益處
starkly?/?stɑ?kli/ ：adv. 明顯地；鮮明地 ，“contrasts starkly” 形成鮮明對比
重難點語法
Text 2
Parenting tips obtained from hunter - gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children, researchers have suggested.
語法點：“obtained from hunter - gatherers in Africa” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “Parenting tips” ，表示 “從非洲狩獵采集者那里獲得的育兒經驗” 。“the key to” 中 to 是介詞，后接動名詞形式 “bringing up” 。
The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana, where each child is cared for by many adults.
語法點：“where each child is cared for by many adults” 是 where 引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 “communities” ，where 在從句中作地點狀語 。
Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years, to mirror the unsupervised mixed - age playgrounds in hunter - gatherer communities.
語法點：“encouraging friendships between children in different school years” 是動名詞短語作表語 。“to mirror the unsupervised mixed - age playgrounds in hunter - gatherer communities” 是動詞不定式作目的狀語 。
Text 3
????????A Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes, Greg Rutkowski has made illustrations for games such as?Dungeons & Dragons?and?Magic: The Gathering. And he’s become a sudden hit in the new world of text - to - image AI generation.
????????His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open - source AI art generator Stable Diffusion. The tool, along with other popular image - generation AI models, allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts. For example, type in “Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,” and the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski’s style.
????????But these open - source programs are built by scraping images from the internet, often without permission and proper attribution to artists. As a result, they are raising tricky questions about ethics and copyright. And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.
????????According to the website Lexica, which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion, Rutkowski’s name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times. Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences. Then he tried searching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published. The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn’t his.
????????“It’s been just a month. What about in a year? I probably won’t be able to find my work out there because the internet will be flooded with AI art,” Rutkowski says. “That’s concerning.”
????????Other artists besides Rutkowski have been surprised by the apparent popularity of their work in text - to - image generators—and some are now fighting back. Karla Ortiz, an illustrator based in San Francisco who found her work in Stable Diffusion’s data set, has been raising awareness about the issues around AI art and copyright.
????????Artists say they risk losing income as people start using AI - generated images based on copyrighted material for commercial purposes. But it’s also a lot more personal, Ortiz says, arguing that because art is so closely linked to a person, it could raise data protection and privacy problems.
????????“There is a coalition growing within artist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,” says Ortiz. The group is in its early days of mobilization, which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation. One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain, and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists, Ortiz says.
1.What can be learned about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?
[A] He is enthusiastic about using AI models.
[B] He is popular with the users of an AI art generator.
[C] He attracts admiration from other illustrators.
[D] He specializes in classical painting digitalization.2.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they
[A] lack flexibility in responding to prompts.
[B] produce artworks in unpredictable styles.
[C] make unauthorized use of online images.
[D] collect user information without consent.3.After searching online, Rutkowski found
[A] a unique way to reach audiences.
[B] a new method to identify AI images.
[C] AI-generated work bearing his name.
[D] heated disputes regarding his copyright.4.According to Ortiz, AI companies are advised to
[A] campaign for new policies or regulation.
[B] offer their services to public institutions.
[C] strengthen their relationships with AI users.
[D] adopt a different strategy for AI model training.5.What is the text mainly about?
[A] Artists’ responses to AI art generation.
[B] AI’s expanded role in artistic creation.
[C] Privacy issues in the application of AI.
[D] Opposing views on AI development.
翻譯
????????格雷格?魯特科夫斯基是一位波蘭數字藝術家，他運用古典繪畫風格創作夢幻般的幻想風景，曾為《龍與地下城》和《萬智牌》等游戲繪制插圖。他在文本生成圖像的人工智能領域突然走紅。
????????他獨特的風格如今是新的開源人工智能藝術生成器 Stable Diffusion 中最常用的提示詞之一。這個工具，以及其他流行的圖像生成人工智能模型，能讓任何人根據文本提示創作出令人印象深刻的圖像。例如，輸入 “手持寶劍、帶著魔法火焰發光球體的巫師與兇猛巨龍戰斗 格雷格?魯特科夫斯基” ，系統生成的作品看起來與魯特科夫斯基風格的作品極為相似。
????????但這些開源程序是通過從互聯網上抓取圖像構建的，而且往往未經藝術家許可，也沒有給予恰當署名。因此，它們引發了有關倫理和版權的棘手問題。像魯特科夫斯基這樣的藝術家已經受夠了。
????????據追蹤 Stable Diffusion 生成的 1000 多萬張圖像和提示詞的網站 Lexica 統計，魯特科夫斯基的名字作為提示詞被使用了約 93000 次。魯特科夫斯基起初感到驚訝，但認為這可能是接觸新受眾的好方法。然后他試著搜索自己的名字，想看看自己參與創作的作品是否被發布了。在線搜索結果顯示，帶有他名字的作品卻并非出自他手。
????????魯特科夫斯基說：“才過了一個月。一年后會怎樣？我可能都找不到自己的作品了，因為互聯網將充斥著人工智能生成的藝術作品。這令人擔憂。”
????????除魯特科夫斯基之外，其他藝術家也對自己的作品在文本生成圖像工具中廣受歡迎感到驚訝，而且一些人正在反擊。舊金山的插畫師卡拉?奧爾蒂斯發現自己的作品出現在 Stable Diffusion 的數據集中，她一直在提高人們對人工智能藝術和版權問題的認識。
????????藝術家們表示，隨著人們開始將基于受版權保護材料生成的人工智能圖像用于商業目的，他們面臨收入損失的風險。但奧爾蒂斯說，這也涉及更多個人層面的問題，因為藝術與個人緊密相連，這可能會引發數據保護和隱私問題。
????????奧爾蒂斯說：“藝術家行業內正在形成一個聯盟，試圖找出解決或緩解這些問題的辦法。” 這個組織正處于動員初期，可能會推動制定新政策或法規。有人建議人工智能模型可以使用公共領域的圖像進行訓練，人工智能公司可以與博物館和藝術家建立合作關系。
解析
1.答案：B
解析：前兩段提到魯特科夫斯基的風格在開源人工智能藝術生成器 Stable Diffusion 中是常用提示詞，輸入相關提示詞系統能生成類似他風格的作品，說明他在人工智能藝術生成器用戶中很受歡迎，B 選項 “He is popular with the users of an AI art generator”（他在人工智能藝術生成器的用戶中很受歡迎）正確。A 選項 “He is enthusiastic about using AI models”（他熱衷于使用人工智能模型），文中他對人工智能模型抓取圖像用于生成作品表示擔憂，并非熱衷；C 選項 “He attracts admiration from other illustrators”（他受到其他插畫師的欽佩），文中未提及其他插畫師對他的欽佩；D 選項 “He specializes in classical painting digitalization”（他專門從事古典繪畫數字化），他是用古典繪畫風格創作數字藝術，并非專門從事古典繪畫數字化。2.答案：C
解析：第三段明確指出這些開源程序通過從互聯網上抓取圖像構建，且往往未經藝術家許可，也未恰當署名，C 選項 “make unauthorized use of online images”（未經授權使用網絡圖像）正確。A 選項 “lack flexibility in responding to prompts”（對提示詞的響應缺乏靈活性）、B 選項 “produce artworks in unpredictable styles”（生成風格不可預測的藝術作品）、D 選項 “collect user information without consent”（未經同意收集用戶信息）在文中均未提及。3.答案：C
解析：第四段提到魯特科夫斯基搜索自己名字時，發現帶有他名字的作品卻不是他的，即人工智能生成的作品署著他的名，C 選項 “AI - generated work bearing his name”（署有他名字的人工智能生成作品）正確。A 選項 “a unique way to reach audiences”（接觸受眾的獨特方式）是他最初對自己名字被用作提示詞的想法，不是搜索后的發現；B 選項 “a new method to identify AI images”（識別人工智能圖像的新方法）文中未提及；D 選項 “heated disputes regarding his copyright”（關于他版權的激烈爭議），搜索后他只是發現非自己創作卻署自己名的作品，未提及激烈爭議。4.答案：D
解析：根據最后一段奧爾蒂斯所說，有人建議人工智能模型可以使用公共領域的圖像進行訓練，即建議人工智能公司采用不同的人工智能模型訓練策略，D 選項 “adopt a different strategy for AI model training”（采用不同的人工智能模型訓練策略）正確。A 選項 “campaign for new policies or regulation”（推動新政策或法規），是聯盟可能做的事，不是對人工智能公司的建議；B 選項 “offer their services to public institutions”（向公共機構提供服務）、C 選項 “strengthen their relationships with AI users”（加強與人工智能用戶的關系）文中未提及。5.答案：A
解析：文章主要講述了像魯特科夫斯基、奧爾蒂斯等藝術家對人工智能藝術生成及其帶來的版權等問題的反應，A 選項 “Artists’ responses to AI art generation”（藝術家對人工智能藝術生成的反應）能概括文章主旨。B 選項 “AI’s expanded role in artistic creation”（人工智能在藝術創作中擴展的作用），文章重點不是人工智能在藝術創作中作用的擴展；C 選項 “Privacy issues in the application of AI”（人工智能應用中的隱私問題），只是文章提及的部分內容；D 選項 “Opposing views on AI development”（對人工智能發展的對立觀點），文章主要是藝術家對人工智能藝術生成相關問題的看法，并非關于人工智能發展的對立觀點。
重難點詞匯
prompt?/pr?mpt/ ：n. 提示詞；提示符 ，“text prompts” 文本提示詞
scrape?/skre?p/ ：v. 刮；擦；刮掉；抓取（數據等） ，“scraping images from the internet” 從互聯網上抓取圖像
attribution?/??tr??bju??n/ ：n. 歸因；歸屬；署名 ，“proper attribution to artists” 對藝術家恰當署名
concerning?/k?n?s??n??/ ：adj. 令人擔憂的 ，“That’s concerning.” 這令人擔憂。
mitigate?/?m?t?ɡe?t/ ：v. 減輕；緩和；緩解 ，“tackle or mitigate this” 解決或緩解這個（問題）
forge?/f??d?/ ：v. 鍛造；偽造；建立（關系等） ，“forge partnerships” 建立合作關系
重難點語法
????????A Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes, Greg Rutkowski has made illustrations for games such as?Dungeons & Dragons?and?Magic: The Gathering.
????????語法點：“who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes” 是 who 引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞 “A Polish digital artist” ，who 在從句中作主語 。
????????His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open - source AI art generator Stable Diffusion.
????????語法點：“one of + 形容詞最高級 + 復數名詞” 是常見結構，表示 “最…… 之一” 。“used prompts” 是過去分詞作后置定語，修飾 prompts 。
????????But these open - source programs are built by scraping images from the internet, often without permission and proper attribution to artists.
????????語法點：“by scraping images from the internet” 是 by 引導的方式狀語，說明開源程序構建的方式 。“without permission and proper attribution to artists” 是介詞短語作伴隨狀語 。
Text 4
????????The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths, but in the complexity of its natural construction, the interaction of fresh and saline waters, and the mix of land and water. The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters, filtering pollutants from water, and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.
????????All this was put at great risk late last month, when the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways. Specifically, a 5 - 4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a “continuous surface connection” to bodies of water. This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders, mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules. And it carries “significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,” as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.
????????In Maryland, the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections. But that’s a very shortsighted view, particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay. The reality is that water, and the pollutants that so often come with it, don’t respect state boundaries. The Chesapeake Bay draws from a 64,000 - square - mile watershed that extends into Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia, the District of Columbia and Delaware. Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett v. EPA? Perhaps some, but all? That seems unlikely.
????????It is too easy, and misleading, to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors. And it’s a reminder that the EPA’s involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep - pocketed special interests in neighboring states. Pennsylvania farmers, to use one telling example, aren’t thinking about next year’s blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields, yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.
????????And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved. We can offer them a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life. It’s worth the scenic drive.
1.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph 1 as
[A] a valuable natural environment.
[B] a controversial conservation area.
[C] a place with commercial potential.
[D] a headache for nearby communities.2.The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case
[A] reinforces water pollution control.
[B] weakens the EPA's regulatory power.
[C] will end conflicts among local residents.
[D] may face opposition from mining operators.3.How does the author feel about future of the Chesapeake Bay?
[A] Worried.
[B] Puzzled.
[C] Relieved.
[D] Encouraged.4.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?
[A] It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.
[B] It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries.
[C] It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.
[D] It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.5.The author holds that the state lawmakers should
[A] be cautious about the influence of landowners.
[B] attach due importance to wetlands protections.
[C] recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges.
[D] improve the wellbeing of endangered species.
翻譯
????????切薩皮克灣的神奇之處不在于它的深度，而在于其復雜的自然構造、淡水與咸水的相互作用以及水陸交融。淺灘為數百種物種提供了棲息地，同時儲存洪水、過濾水中污染物，并保護附近社區免受可能具有破壞性的風暴潮侵襲。
????????上個月晚些時候，這一切都面臨巨大風險，當時美國最高法院對愛達荷州的一個案件做出裁決，大幅削弱了美國環境保護署（EPA）對濕地和水道的監管權力。具體來說，以 5 票對 4 票的多數決定，由環境保護署依據《清潔水法》監管的濕地必須與水體有 “連續的表面連接” 。這種監管范圍的縮小對于建筑商、礦業運營商以及其他常與環境規則相悖的商業利益相關者來說是一場勝利。正如大法官布雷特?卡瓦諾所指出的，這對美國各地的水質和防洪 “產生重大影響” 。
????????在馬里蘭州，好消息是有許多州法律對濕地提供保護。但這是一種非常短視的觀點，尤其是涉及切薩皮克灣時。現實情況是，水以及常隨水而來的污染物并不受州界限制。切薩皮克灣的集水區面積達 6.4 萬平方英里，延伸至弗吉尼亞州、賓夕法尼亞州、紐約州、西弗吉尼亞州、哥倫比亞特區和特拉華州。這些轄區會給予現在在 “薩克特訴環境保護署案” 中被否定的相同保護措施嗎？也許有些會，但全部都會嗎？這似乎不太可能。
????????將這樣的法院裁決僅僅視為維護土地所有者的權利，既容易誤導人，又目光短淺，因為其后果對鄰居可能極為嚴重。這也提醒我們，長期以來，環境保護署參與切薩皮克灣項目至關重要，它是超越鄰州財大氣粗的特殊利益集團影響的手段。舉個典型例子，賓夕法尼亞州的農民在決定是否在田地里施用動物糞便時，不會考慮馬里蘭州明年的藍蟹捕撈情況，但流入附近小溪的徑流可能會對下游產生巨大影響。
????????因此，我們呼吁從里士滿到奧爾巴尼的各州立法者考慮審查各自的濕地保護措施，并親自認識到其中涉及的重大利害關系。我們可以邀請他們參觀多切斯特縣的黑水國家野生動物保護區，在那里，禿鷹在潮汐沼澤上空飛翔，沼澤淺得無法劃船穿過，但卻充滿了水生生物。這趟風景優美的旅程是值得的。
解析
1.答案：A
解析：第一段描述切薩皮克灣淺灘為眾多物種提供棲息地、儲存洪水、過濾污染物、保護社區等，體現出它是寶貴的自然環境，A 選項 “a valuable natural environment”（寶貴的自然環境）正確。B 選項 “a controversial conservation area”（有爭議的保護區），文中未提及爭議；C 選項 “a place with commercial potential”（有商業潛力的地方），未重點提及商業潛力；D 選項 “a headache for nearby communities”（給附近社區帶來麻煩的地方）與原文描述不符。2.答案：B
解析：第二段提到美國最高法院裁決大幅削弱了美國環境保護署（EPA）對濕地和水道的監管權力，B 選項 “weakens the EPA’s regulatory power”（削弱了環境保護署的監管權力）正確。A 選項 “reinforces water pollution control”（加強水污染控制）與原文相悖；C 選項 “will end conflicts among local residents”（將結束當地居民之間的沖突），文中未提及；D 選項 “may face opposition from mining operators”（可能面臨礦業運營商的反對），礦業運營商是裁決受益者，不會反對。3.答案：A
解析：從文中作者指出切薩皮克灣面臨風險，如最高法院裁決削弱監管權力、州法律保護短視等內容可看出，作者對切薩皮克灣未來感到擔憂，A 選項 “Worried”（擔憂的）正確。B 選項 “Puzzled”（困惑的）、C 選項 “Relieved”（寬慰的）、D 選項 “Encouraged”（受鼓舞的）均不符合作者態度。4.答案：D
解析：第四段提到環境保護署參與切薩皮克灣項目至關重要，是超越鄰州特殊利益集團影響的手段，說明它能確保保護工作的協調，D 選項 “It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts”（它確保了保護工作的協調）正確。A 選項 “It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions”（它恢復了鄰州轄區之間的平衡），文中未提及恢復平衡；B 選項 “It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries”（它引發了商業漁業的徹底改革），未提及商業漁業改革；C 選項 “It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities”（它樹立了尊重州政府權力的良好榜樣），與原文不符。5.答案：B
解析：最后一段作者呼吁各州立法者審查濕地保護措施，認識到其中利害關系，說明作者認為州立法者應重視濕地保護，B 選項 “attach due importance to wetlands protections”（充分重視濕地保護）正確。A 選項 “be cautious about the influence of landowners”（對土地所有者的影響持謹慎態度）、C 選項 “recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges”（認識到擴大野生動物保護區的必要性）、D 選項 “improve the wellbeing of endangered species”（改善瀕危物種的福祉）均不是作者呼吁立法者做的主要事情。
重難點詞匯
saline?/?se?la?n/ ：adj. 含鹽的；咸的 ，“saline waters” 咸水
shallow?/???l??/ ：n. 淺灘；淺處 adj. 淺的 ，“The shallows” 淺灘
surge?/s??d?/ ：n. 洶涌；激增；風暴潮 ，“storm surges” 風暴潮
repercussion?/?ri?p??k??n/ ：n. 反響；影響；后果 ，“significant repercussions” 重大影響
shortsighted?/????t?sa?t?d/ ：adj. 目光短淺的；近視的 ，“a shortsighted view” 短視的觀點
watershed?/?w??t??ed/ ：n. 流域；分水嶺 ，“a 64,000 - square - mile watershed” 6.4 萬平方英里的集水區
jurisdiction?/?d???r?s?d?k?n/ ：n. 司法轄區；管轄權 ，“those jurisdictions” 那些轄區
dire?/?da??(r)/ ：adj. 極其嚴重的；危急的 ，“dire consequences” 嚴重后果
runoff?/?r?n?f/ ：n. 徑流；排水 ，“the runoff into nearby creeks” 流入附近小溪的徑流
重難點語法
????????The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths, but in the complexity of its natural construction, the interaction of fresh and saline waters, and the mix of land and water.
????????語法點：“not...but...” 是并列連詞，意為 “不是…… 而是……” ，連接兩個并列的介詞短語 “in its depths” 和 “in the complexity...and the mix...” 。
????????All this was put at great risk late last month, when the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.
????????語法點：“when the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case” 是 when 引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 “last month” ，when 在從句中作時間狀語 。“that provides the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways” 是 that 引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞 “a ruling” ，that 在從句中作主語 。
????????The Chesapeake Bay draws from a 64,000 - square - mile watershed that extends into Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia, the District of Columbia and Delaware.
????????語法點：“that extends into Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia, the District of Columbia and Delaware” 是 that 引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞 “a 64,000 - square - mile watershed” ，that 在從句中作主語 。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statements summarizing the comments. Choose the best statement from the list A - G for each numbered name (41 - 45). There are two extra choices which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
????????(41) Hannah
????????Simply, there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes. These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride. There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left. They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects. They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.????????(42) Buck
????????We know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced. Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities. The context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2000 years old or 2 months old. In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery. Again, the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters. The monetary value of the objects on display is a distant second place in importance.????????(43) Sara
????????When visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art, I came across a magnificent 15th - century Chinese sculpture. It inspired me to learn more about the culture that it represented. Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire, and perhaps spark that need to learn and understand the nature of their creators. Having said that, I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should, in fact, be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan, legally purchased, or obtained by treaty. Stealing artifacts from other peoples’ cultures is obscene; it robs not only the physical objects, but the dignity and spirit of their creators.????????(44) Victor
????????Ancient art that is displayed in foreign countries by all means should be returned to the original country. The foreign countries have no right to hold back returning the items. I would ask that the foreign nations and the original country discuss the terms of transfer. Yes, there is the risk that the original，country will not have as good security as do the foreign countries. But look at what happened to Boston’s Gardner Museum theft in 1990, including the loss of Rembrandt, Vermeer, Manet, and other masterpieces. Nothing is absolutely safe, nowhere. And now Climate Change agitators are attacking publicly displayed works in European museums.????????(45) Julia
????????To those of you in the comments section who are having strong feelings about artifacts being removed from cities in the US and Britain and returned to their countries of origin, I would，ask you to consider: why do you think Americans have more of a right to easily access the Benin Bronzes than the people of Nigeria? Why are people who live within a day’s drive of London entitled to go and see the Elgin Marbles whenever they want, but the people of Athens aren’t? What intrinsic factors make the West a suitable home for these artifacts but preclude them from being ，preserved and displayed，by their countries of origin? If your conclusion is that the West is better able to preserve these artifacts, think about why you’re assuming that to be true.[A] It is clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolen artifacts.
[B] It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.
[C] Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts’ copies after the originals are returned.
[D] Reproductions, even if perfectly made, cannot take the place of the authentic objects.
[E] The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else.
[F] Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful.
[G] Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin.
翻譯
B 部分
說明：
閱讀以下關于美國博物館將文物歸還原屬國的報告的評論，以及總結這些評論的陳述列表。從 A - G 選項中為每個編號（41 - 45）對應的評論者選擇最合適的陳述。有兩個選項是多余的。在答題卡上作答。（10 分）
（41）漢娜
????????很簡單，尼日利亞有些人無法前往史密森學會，去瞻仰貝寧青銅器所代表的他們的部分歷史和文化。這些青銅器作為他們文化遺產和歷史的一部分，以及民族自豪感的來源，應該為他們所擁有。沒有充分的理由表明，這些文物不應為其所屬的幾代人在教育目標或啟發方面所能接觸到。它們在美國或其他地方的博物館里，除了作為奇珍異物外毫無用處。它們與為銷售而創作的藝術品不同，后者可以通過購買在人們手中和不同地方流轉。（42）巴克
????????我們知道，藝術品的精確復制品是可以而且經常被制作出來的。也許博物館和政府可以探索使用近乎精確的復制品，以此作為解決與歸還藝術品和文物相關問題的一種方式。對我來說，任何展覽的背景比所展示的物品是有 2000 年歷史還是 2 個月歷史更為重要。在很多情況下，專家們很難就什么是真品、什么是贗品達成一致。同樣，展覽想要講述的故事才是關鍵。展品的貨幣價值在重要性方面遠遠排在第二位。（43）薩拉
????????參觀巴爾的摩藝術博物館時，我偶然看到一件精美的 15 世紀中國雕塑。它激勵我去更多地了解它所代表的文化。博物館里的文物具有激勵作用，或許能激發人們去學習和了解其創作者本質的需求。話雖如此，我確實認為，進入公共博物館的任何文物都應該是通過合法租借、合法購買或條約獲取的。從其他民族文化中盜竊文物是不道德的；這不僅奪走了實物，還剝奪了其創作者的尊嚴和精神。（44）維克多
????????在外國展出的古代藝術品無論如何都應該歸還原屬國。外國沒有權利阻止歸還這些物品。我建議外國和原屬國商討移交的條款。誠然，存在這樣的風險，即原屬國的安保可能不如外國。但是看看 1990 年波士頓加德納博物館被盜事件，包括倫勃朗、維米爾、馬奈等大師的作品失竊。沒有什么地方是絕對安全的。而且現在，氣候變化活動人士正在襲擊歐洲博物館公開展出的作品。（45）朱莉婭
????????對于評論區那些強烈反對將文物從美國和英國的城市移走并歸還原屬國的人，我希望你們考慮：為什么你們認為美國人比尼日利亞人更有權利輕易看到貝寧青銅器？為什么住在倫敦一日車程范圍內的人有權隨時去參觀埃爾金大理石雕，而雅典人卻不行？是什么內在因素使得西方成為這些文物的合適歸宿，卻阻止它們在原屬國被保存和展出？如果你們的結論是西方更有能力保存這些文物，想想你們為什么會這樣認為。
解析
41.E
????????41 題：漢娜認為貝寧青銅器應該歸還給尼日利亞，因為尼日利亞人無法前往美國博物館瞻仰，這些文物對他們來說是文化遺產和民族自豪感的來源，在美國博物館只是奇珍異物，體現了文物在原屬國才能真正體現價值，對應 E 選項 “The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin rather than anywhere else.”（文物的真正價值只有在其原屬國才能被認可，而不是在其他任何地方）。
42.C
????????42 題：巴克提出可以用近乎精確的復制品來解決文物歸還問題，認為展覽背景比展品本身年代等更重要，意味著即使文物原件被歸還，參觀者從復制品中也能學到很多，對應 C 選項 “Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts’ copies after the originals are returned.”（在文物原件被歸還后，博物館參觀者從復制品中仍能學到同樣多的東西）。
43.F
????????43 題：薩拉提到進入博物館的文物應該通過合法途徑獲取，盜竊文物是不道德的，強調獲取文物的方式要正當合法，對應 F 選項 “Ways to get artifacts from other countries must be decent and lawful.”（從其他國家獲取文物的方式必須正當合法。
44.G
????????44 題：維克多主張外國展出的古代藝術品應歸還原屬國，雖然原屬國可能安保不如外國，但不能以此為借口不歸還，對應 G 選項 “Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countries of origin.”（對安保的擔憂不能成為拒絕將文物歸還原屬國的借口)。
45.B
????????45 題：朱莉婭對反對文物歸還的觀點提出質疑，認為反對文物歸還原屬國的推理是有缺陷的，對應 B 選項 “It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countries of origin.”（反對將文物歸還原屬國的推理是有缺陷的） 。
重難點詞匯
artifact?/?ɑ?t?f?kt/ ：n. 手工藝品；文物；人工制品
cultural heritage?：文化遺產
curious object?：奇珍異物
reproduction?/?ri?pr??d?k?n/ ：n. 復制品；再現；繁殖
antiquity?/?n?t?kw?ti/ ：n. 古代；古物；古跡
forgery?/?f??d??ri/ ：n. 偽造；贗品
sanction?/?s??k?n/ ：v. 批準；認可；制裁 n. 制裁；批準
obscene?/?b?si?n/ ：adj. 淫穢的；不道德的；可憎的
agitator?/??d??te?t?(r)/ ：n. 煽動者；攪拌器
intrinsic?/?n?tr?ns?k/ ：adj. 內在的；本質的；固有的
preclude?/pr??klu?d/ ：v. 排除；阻止；妨礙
重難點語法
There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left.
語法點：“that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach...” 是同位語從句，解釋說明 “reason” 。“to which they were left” 是 “介詞 + 關系代詞” 引導的定語從句，修飾 “the generations” ，which 在從句中作介詞 to 的賓語 。
We know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced.
語法點：“very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced” 是省略了 that 的賓語從句，作 know 的賓語 。在從句中，“can be produced” 和 “are regularly produced” 是并列結構 。
Having said that, I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should, in fact, be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan, legally purchased, or obtained by treaty.
語法點：“Having said that” 是現在分詞的完成式作時間狀語，表示動作發生在主句動作之前 。“that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should...” 是 that 引導的賓語從句，作 feel 的賓語 ，在這個賓語從句中，“whatever artifacts find their way to public museums” 是主語從句 。
解答題目的技巧
理解評論核心觀點：仔細閱讀每個評論者的言論，抓住其核心觀點和態度。比如漢娜強調文物對原屬國人民的文化意義和價值，要歸還原屬國；巴克關注用復制品解決文物歸還問題等。可以通過標記關鍵詞、關鍵句來輔助理解。
分析選項特征：逐一分析選項內容，明確每個選項的側重點。例如 A 選項強調原屬國未得到賠償，B 選項針對反對文物歸還的推理進行評價等。
匹配評論與選項：將評論者的觀點與選項進行細致比對，看哪個選項能最準確地概括或與評論內容相契合。注意不要被選項中部分相似表述誤導，要整體理解選項和評論的含義。比如看到評論中提到安保問題，要思考與選項中關于安保和文物歸還關系的表述是否一致。
排除干擾項：對于明顯不符合評論內容的選項，及時排除。比如某個評論未涉及文物賠償問題，那么關于賠償的選項就可排除。同時，若遇到不確定的選項，可先標記，繼續分析其他選項，通過對比來確定最合適的答案。
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
????????“Elephants never forget”—or so they say—and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundation.
????????The African savanna elephant, also known as the African bush elephant, is distributed across 37 African countries. They move between a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, woodlands, wetlands and agricultural land. (46) They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight. Using tracking devices, researchers have shown that they have “remarkable spatial acuity.” When finding their way to waterholes, they headed off in exactly the right direction, on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles. What is more, they almost always seem to choose the nearest waterhole. (47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts, as well as following familiar routes.
????????Although the cues used by African elephants for long - distance navigation are not yet understood, smell may well play a part.
????????Elephants are very choosy eaters, but until recently little was known about how they selected their food. (48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found, but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.
????????(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way, and they are very characteristic: Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. What is more, they can be detected even when they are not actually visible. New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores—to the best food resources.
????????The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely. They then set up a “food station” experiment, in which they gave the elephants a series of choices based only on smell. (50) The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat, and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch. Free - ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.
????????Their well - developed hippocampal structures may enable elephants, like rats and people, to construct cognitive maps.
翻譯
說明：
仔細閱讀下面的文章，然后將劃線部分翻譯成中文。在答題卡上作答。（10 分）
????????“大象永遠不會忘記” —— 人們是這么說的 —— 這句民間俗語似乎有些道理。
????????非洲草原象，也被稱為非洲叢林象，分布在 37 個非洲國家。它們在多種棲息地之間遷徙，包括森林、草原、林地、濕地和農田。（46）它們有時會跋涉六十多英里去尋找食物或水源，而且非常擅長確定其他大象的位置，即便那些大象在視線之外。研究人員通過使用追蹤設備發現，它們具有 “非凡的空間感知能力” 。在尋找水源地時，它們總能朝著正確的方向前進，有一次甚至是從大約三十英里外出發的。而且，它們似乎幾乎總是會選擇最近的水源地。（47）研究人員確信，大象總能精確地知道自己相對于所需資源的位置，因此它們既能抄近路，也能沿著熟悉的路線走。
????????雖然非洲象用于長途導航的線索尚未被完全了解，但嗅覺很可能起到了作用。
????????大象對食物非常挑剔，但直到最近，人們對它們如何選擇食物還知之甚少。（48）一種可能是，它們僅僅依靠視覺，去嘗試找到的植物，但這可能會浪費大量時間和精力，尤其是因為它們的視力實際上并不好。
????????（49）植物產生的揮發性化學物質可以傳播很遠，而且具有很強的特征性：每種植物或樹木都有其獨特的氣味標識。此外，即使這些化學物質實際上不可見，也能被探測到。新的研究表明，嗅覺是引導大象，可能還有其他食草動物，找到最佳食物來源的關鍵因素。
????????研究人員首先確定了大象在自由覓食時喜歡吃或避開哪些種類的植物。然后他們設置了一個 “食物站” 實驗，在實驗中只讓大象根據氣味進行一系列選擇。（50）實驗表明，大象很可能利用嗅覺來識別哪些樹林適合食用，其次還會評估每個樹林中樹木的質量。自由活動的大象大概也會利用這些信息來找到它們喜歡的食物。
????????它們發達的海馬體結構可能使大象，像老鼠和人類一樣，構建認知地圖。
解析
46.它們有時會行進60多英里以尋找食物或水源，而且非常擅長判斷其他大象的位置——即使后者位于其視線范圍之外。
（46）：“travel more than sixty miles” 意思是 “跋涉六十多英里” ；“working out” 在這里是 “確定；弄清楚” 的意思 ；“out of sight” 意為 “在視線之外” 。翻譯時注意語序調整，使譯文符合中文表達習慣。
47.研究人員確信，這些大象總是能夠很精確地知道它們所需的所有資源之間的相對位置，因此除了走熟路，它們還能走捷徑。
（47）：“are convinced that” 表示 “確信；堅信” ；“in relation to” 意為 “關于；相對于” ；“take shortcuts” 是 “抄近路” 。準確理解短語含義，通順地組織譯文。
48.其中一種可能的解釋是，它們僅靠它們的眼鏡來尋覓食物，并試吃它們尋覓到的織物，但這種情況可能會浪費大量的時間和精力，尤其是因為它們的視力實際上并不怎么好。
（48）：“one possibility was that...” 是 “一種可能是……” 的表達 ；“tried out” 是 “嘗試” ；“not least because” 意為 “尤其是因為” 。注意從句的翻譯和邏輯關系表達。
49.植物所產生的揮發性化學物質可以擴散很遠的距離，而且這些物質還極具獨特性：每種植物或樹木都有自己特有的氣味特征。
（49）：“volatile chemicals” 是 “揮發性化學物質” ；“odor signature” 可譯為 “氣味標識” 。準確翻譯專業詞匯，保證譯文準確性。
50.實驗表明，大象完全可以用嗅覺來辨別適宜食用的樹叢，并評估每片樹叢內樹木的質量。
（50）：“may well” 是 “很可能” ；“patches of trees” 可理解為 “一片片樹林” ；“assess the quality” 是 “評估質量” 。注意短語翻譯和句子整體邏輯。
重難點詞匯
folklore?/?f??kl??(r)/ ：n. 民間傳說；民俗學
distributed?/d??str?bju?t?d/ ：adj. 分布的 ，動詞形式為 distribute（分布；分配）
habitats?/?h?b?t?ts/ ：n. 棲息地 ，是 habitat 的復數形式
spatial?/?spe??l/ ：adj. 空間的 ，“spatial acuity” 空間感知能力
acuity?/??kju??ti/ ：n. 敏銳；尖銳
cues?/kju?z/ ：n. 線索；提示 ，是 cue 的復數形式
navigation?/?n?v??ɡe??n/ ：n. 導航；航行
choosy?/?t?u?zi/ ：adj. 挑剔的；難以取悅的
volatile?/?v?l?ta?l/ ：adj. 揮發性的；易變的
odor?/???d?(r)/ ：n. 氣味；味道
signature?/?s?ɡn?t??(r)/ ：n. 標識；簽名；特征 ，“odor signature” 氣味標識
herbivores?/?h??b?v??z/ ：n. 食草動物 ，是 herbivore 的復數形式
foraging?/?f?r?d???/ ：n. 覓食 ，動詞形式為 forage（覓食；搜尋）
hippocampal?/?h?p??k?mp?l/ ：adj. 海馬體的
cognitive?/?k?ɡn?t?v/ ：adj. 認知的 ，“cognitive maps” 認知地圖
重難點語法
They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight.
語法點：“to find food or water” 是動詞不定式作目的狀語 。“where other elephants are” 是 where 引導的賓語從句，作 “working out” 的賓語 。“even when they are out of sight” 是 when 引導的時間狀語從句，even 起強調作用 。
The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts, as well as following familiar routes.
語法點：“that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need” 是 that 引導的賓語從句，作 “are convinced” 的賓語 。在這個賓語從句中，“where they are in relation to all the resources they need” 又是 where 引導的賓語從句，作 know 的賓語 ，其中 “they need” 是省略了關系代詞 that 的定語從句，修飾 “resources” 。
One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found, but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.
語法點：“that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found” 是 that 引導的表語從句，作 was 的表語 。“they found” 是省略了關系代詞 that 的定語從句，修飾 “plants” 。“not least because their eyesight is actually not very good” 是 because 引導的原因狀語從句 。
解答題目的技巧
準確理解原文：仔細閱讀文章，尤其是劃線部分的上下文，把握句子在文中的含義和邏輯關系。遇到不認識的單詞，先根據上下文猜測詞義，若無法確定，再結合文章主題和背景知識進行推斷。比如根據文章中關于大象覓食等內容，推測 “foraging” 與覓食相關。
分析句子結構：確定句子的主干和修飾成分，識別各類從句（如賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句等）及其引導詞。對于長難句，可先劃分句子結構，再逐一翻譯各部分，最后按照中文表達習慣調整語序。例如翻譯（47）句時，先分析出 “The researchers are convinced that...” 是主句，“that” 引導賓語從句，在賓語從句中又有多個成分，然后分別翻譯并整合。
注意詞匯翻譯：對于重難點詞匯，要準確翻譯其含義，同時注意一些固定短語和搭配的翻譯。如果遇到一詞多義的情況，要根據上下文選擇合適的詞義。比如 “signature” 常見意思是 “簽名” ，在文中 “odor signature” 應譯為 “氣味標識” 。
保證譯文通順：翻譯完成后，檢查譯文是否通順、符合中文表達習慣，避免出現生硬、晦澀的表述。適當增減詞語，使句子更加流暢自然。比如在翻譯一些狀語從句時，可根據邏輯關系添加 “因為”“所以”“雖然” 等關聯詞。
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51.Directions:
Read the following email from an international student and write a reply.
Dear Li Ming,
????????I've got a class assignment to make an oral report on an ancient Chinese scientist, but I'm not sure how to prepare for it. Can you give me some advice?
Thank you for your help.
Yours,
Paul
Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name in your email; use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
翻譯
第三部分 寫作
A 節
說明：
閱讀下面這位國際學生的郵件并寫一封回復。親愛的李明：
????????我有一個課堂作業，要做一個關于中國古代科學家的口頭報告，但我不確定如何準備。你能給我一些建議嗎？
感謝你的幫助。
你的，
保羅在答題卡上用大約 100 詞作答。
郵件中請勿使用你自己的名字，用 “李明” 代替。（10 分）
第三部分 寫作
Part A
建議信
一、審題謀篇
1.“審題不清導致立意偏誤” 的實例
????????①忽視格式要求，寫成一篇關于中國古代科學家的報告，而不是針對 Paul 的問題給出回復的郵件。
????????②回復郵件中單純提供關于某位中國古代科學家的事實信息，未就如何準備口頭報告提供建議。
????????③因不認識或漏看 ancient 一詞而錯誤地建議 Paul 將某位中國現當代科學家作為報告的主要內容。
2.解析題目指令，確定行文要點
????????說明：建議信是一種用于提供專業或個人意見的書信。開篇可簡單介紹寫信的背景和目的，比如簡要回顧對方在來信中提到的問題，進而引出自己的建議。主體段應詳細、清晰地闡述建議，包括明確的指導、步驟或策略，以幫助收信人理解和實施這些建議。具體到本篇，在給出建議時既可提及具體的科學家名字，也可不提及；但不論提及與否，主體段的內容應始終圍繞 “如何準備和呈現報告” 展開，較不建議通篇介紹某位科學家的生平事跡和杰出成就，因為對方的困惑是 “不知道如何準備報告”，而非 “不知道應該選擇哪位科學家以及為何選擇這位科學家”。結尾段可表達鼓勵和支持，以及對收信人取得成功的信心，同時表示如果有進一步的問題或需要更多幫助，對方可以隨時聯系。
二、作文進階
???????????????????????????????????????????基礎作文??????????????????????????????????????參考譯文
Dear Paul,
????????I'm happy to help with your assignment about an ancient Chinese scientist.
????????①You can start by picking someone famous, like Zhang Heng or Zu Chongzhi. ②Learn about his life, big discoveries, and how he changed science and people. ③This will be the main part of your talk. ④Add pictures and fun stories about the scientist to make it more interesting. ⑤Also, it's important to communicate well. ⑥You should speak in a clear and sure way. ⑦This may seem like old - boring advice, but it can help make your talk better.
????????①I think if you do these things, your report will be great. ②Contact me if you have more questions. ③Good luck!
Warm regards,
Li Ming親愛的保羅：
????????我很樂意協助你完成關于一位中國古代科學家的作業。
????????①你可以從挑選張衡或祖沖之這樣的名人開始。②了解他們的生平、重大發現，以及他們如何改變了科學和人類。③這將是你口頭報告的主要部分。④加入圖片和有關科學家的趣事以使報告更加有趣。⑤此外，良好的溝通也很重要。⑥你應該用清晰、沉著自信的方式說話。⑦這看似是陳詞濫調的無聊建議，但卻能讓你的演講更好。
????????①我想，如果你做到了這些，你的報告一定會很棒。②如有更多問題，請聯系我。③祝你好運！
致以親切的問候
李明分步進階
第一段
????????I'm happy to help with your assignment about an ancient Chinese scientist.????????詞匯表達：1) 將 I'm happy 替換為 It gives me great pleasure，提升正式度和熱情度。2) 將 help with 替換為更正式和具體的 extend my assistance and offer advice on（就…… 提供幫助和建議）。3) 將 assignment 替換為 oral report（口頭報告），使內容更具體，突出作業的性質。4) 添加 upcoming（即將到來的）作定語，使表達更具時效性和緊迫感。
????????句式變換：原句是一個簡單句（I'm happy to do sth），可考慮將其改為包含 It 作形式主語的句子（It gives me great pleasure to do sth），提升語句的正式度和復雜度。
????????高級范例：It gives me great pleasure to extend my assistance and offer advice on your upcoming oral report about an ancient Chinese scientist.
????????第二段
????????①You can start by picking someone famous, like Zhang Heng or Zu Chongzhi.????????詞匯表達：1) 將 start by 替換為 A good starting point would be，使開頭更加正式和具有引導性。2) 將 picking 替換為更高級、更書面化的 selecting（選擇；挑選）。3) 將 someone famous 替換為更高級、更書面化的 a notable figure（一位著名的人物）。4) 在舉例時，將 like 替換為 such as，使語言更正式和書面化。
????????句式變換：開頭句直接使用第二人稱對來信者提出建議（You can start by doing sth），略顯唐突和不禮貌，可考慮將其改為舍去第二人稱且含情態動詞 would 的句子（A good starting point would be doing sth），使語氣更委婉和禮貌。
????????高級范例：A good starting point would be selecting a notable figure, such as Zhang Heng or Zu Chongzhi.
????????②Learn about his life, big discoveries, and how he changed science and people.
????????詞匯表達:1) 將 learn about 替換為更高級的、更適用于學術語域的 probe into (深入了解), 表示詳細研究或探究。2) 將代詞 his 替換為指代更明確且性別中性的 the scientist's。3) 將 life 替換為語義范圍更小、更貼合語境的 life stories (生平故事)。4) 將 big discoveries 替換為更高級的 major achievements (主要成就)。5) 將 how he changed science and people 替換為更簡潔、更書面化的 impact on science and society (對科學和社會的影響)。6) 添加 use your school library and the Internet to (利用學校圖書館和互聯網), 給出具體方法，使建議更實用。
????????句式變換:1) 原句為祈使句 (暗含命令語氣), 生硬唐突，略顯失禮，可考慮添加傳達 “建議” 之意的 you can 以使語氣緩和。2) 在句首添加時間狀語 After making your choice, 提供明確的行動順序，增強與上句的語義連貫。
????????高級范例：After making your choice, you can use your school library and the Internet to probe into the scientist's life stories, major achievements, and impact on science and society.
????????③This will be the main part of your talk.
????????詞匯表達:1) 將 This 替換 This research, 明確前句所提建議為 “搜索研究”。2) 將 main part 替換為更高級、更形象的 backbone (骨干；主要成分)。3) 將 talk 替換為更具體、更貼合題目要求的 report (報告)。
????????句式變換：將原句的系表結構 will be the main part of... 替換為更學術化的謂賓結構 will form the backbone of...(構成…… 的主體內容)。
????????高級范例：This research will form the backbone of your report.
????????④Add pictures and fun stories about the scientist to make it more interesting.
????????詞匯表達:1) 將 add 替換為更加正式和學術化的 incorporate (將…… 包括在內)。2) 將 pictures、fun stories 分別替換為更能體現詞匯水平的 visuals (視覺元素)、interesting anecdotes (有趣的軼事)。3) 將 make it more interesting 替換為更高級、更貼合語境的 engage your audience (吸引聽眾的注意)。
????????句式變換:1) 原句是以祈使句表達的簡單直接的指令，略顯生硬失禮，可考慮將其改寫為動名詞作主語的陳述句以提出建議 (Doing sth will be highly beneficial.)。2) 將目的狀語 to do sth 提至句首，強調本條建議的原因和預期的結果，增加句子的說服力。
????????高級范例：To engage your audience, incorporating visuals and interesting anecdotes about the scientist will be highly beneficial.
????????⑤Also, it's important to communicate well.
????????詞匯表達:1) 將 Also 替換為更正式的 Furthermore。2) 將 important 替換為更能體現詞匯水平的 key (關鍵的)。
????????句式變換:1) 添加固定表達 remember that...(記住……) 以強調本條建議的重要性 (注：雖應盡量避免使用祈使句形式的命令式表達，但 remember that... 可以起到強調的作用，故此處使用這一表達)。2) 將 “動詞 + 副詞” 結構 (communicate well) 替換為更符合學術寫作特點的 “形容詞 + 名詞” 結構 (effective communication), 相應地，原句 it's important to communicate well 則修改為 effective communication is key。
????????高級范例：Furthermore, remember that effective communication is key.
????????⑥You should speak in a clear and sure way. ⑦This may seem like old boring advice, but it can help make your talk better.
????????詞匯表達:1) 將 in a clear and sure way 替換為更書面化的 clearly and with confidence (清晰、自信地)。2) 將 advice 的定語 old boring 替換為更高級、更精辟的 clichéd (陳詞濫調的)。3) 將 it can help do sth 替換為更書面化的 it is crucial for doing sth (這對于…… 至關重要)。4) 將 talk 替換為更具體的 presentation (演講；報告)。5) 將 better 替換為更高級的 more powerful (更有感染力)。
????????句式變換:1)⑥⑦句均為短小的句子，兩句分立略顯破碎，且⑦句已能夠體現 “提建議” 這一意圖，不需要⑥句中使用情態動詞 should 進行建議，故可考慮將⑥⑦句整合為一個復合句。其中⑦句 This 回指⑥句中的 speak..., 可將其替換為動名詞短語 speaking... 充當主語。????????高級范例：Speaking clearly and with confidence may seem like clichéd advice, but it is crucial for making your presentation more powerful.
????????第三段
????????①I think if you do these things, your report will be great.
????????詞匯表達：1) 將 I think (that)... 替換為 I'm confident that..., 提高語氣的確定性和說服力，加強鼓勵效果。2) 將 things 替換為更高級、更書面化的 elements (元素)。3) 將 great 替換為更高級、更具體的 both informative and engaging (既內容豐富又引人入勝) 。
????????句式變換：將條件狀語從句 (if you do sth) 替換為更簡潔的介詞短語 (with sth) 。
????????高級范例：I'm confident that with these elements, your report will be both informative and engaging.
????????②Contact me if you have more questions.
????????詞匯表達：1) 將 contact me 替換為更正式且更能體現詞匯水平的 reach out (主動聯系或尋求他人的幫助、信息或合作) 。2) 將 more 替換為更高級、更正式的 further, 暗示對更深入或更復雜問題的開放態度。
????????句式變換：在祈使句前添加固定短語 feel free to..., 使語氣更加友好和開放。
????????高級范例：Feel free to reach out if you have further questions.
????????③Good luck!
????????詞匯表達：將 Good luck 替換為 Best of luck, 增強祝福的強度和正式度。
????????句式變換：補充后置定語 on this exciting project, 使語義更具體完整。
????????高級范例：Best of luck on this exciting project!
????????高級范文呈現
高級范文
Dear Paul,
????????It gives me great pleasure to extend my assistance and offer advice on your upcoming oral report about an ancient Chinese scientist.
????????①A good starting point would be selecting a notable figure, such as Zhang Heng or Zu Chongzhi. ②After making your choice, you can use your school library and the Internet to probe into the scientist's life stories, major achievements, and impact on science and society. ③This research will form the backbone of your report. ④To engage your audience, incorporating visuals and interesting anecdotes about the scientist will be highly beneficial. ⑤Furthermore, remember that effective communication is key. ⑥Speaking clearly and with confidence may seem like clichéd advice, but it is crucial for making your presentation more powerful.
????????①I'm confident that with these elements, your report will be both informative and engaging. ②Feel free to reach out if you have further questions. ③Best of luck on this exciting project!
Warm regards,
Li Ming參考譯文
親愛的保羅：
????????我很高興能就你即將進行的有關中國古代科學家的口頭報告提供幫助和建議。
????????①選擇一位著名的人物，比如張衡或祖沖之，會是一個好的開始。②做出選擇后，你可以利用學校圖書館和互聯網深入了解這位科學家的生平故事、主要成就以及對科學和社會的影響。③這些研究將構成你報告的主體內容。④為了吸引聽眾的注意，將視覺元素和關于這位科學家的有趣軼事融入你的報告將非常有益。⑤此外，要記住，有效的溝通是關鍵。⑥清晰、自信地講話可能聽起來是陳詞濫調的建議，但這對于使你的報告更有感染力至關重要。
????????①我相信有了這些元素，你的報告會內容豐富并引人入勝。②如有其他問題，請隨時聯系。③祝你在這個令人興奮的課題研究上好運！致以親切的問候
李明
三、應用模板
本模板適用于撰寫各類建議信（如針對如何準備一項比賽 / 一場公眾演說或如何提升某種能力提建議）。
英文
中文
Dear _____,
????????Ⅰ ①I hope this letter/email/message finds you well. ②I am writing to share some thoughts and suggestions regarding _____.
????????Ⅱ ①Firstly, I'd recommend that you _____. ②While this may seem like clichéd/standard/simple advice, its importance cannot be overstated/overemphasized. ③Implementing this can lead to _____. ④Additionally, it's beneficial to consider _____. ⑤This aspect plays a crucial/vital role in _____, but it is often overlooked/downplayed. ⑥Moreover, do not underestimate the power of _____. ⑦This might be challenging, but it is essential for?.
????????Ⅲ ①I'm confident that these suggestions will be beneficial for you as you navigate the project/assignment/contest/. ②Please don't hesitate to reach out if you have further questions or need more guidance. ③Wish you the best in your endeavors!
Best regards,
Li Ming親愛的_____：
????????Ⅰ ①希望你一切都好。②我寫這封信是想就_____分享一些想法和建議。
????????Ⅱ ①首先，我建議你_____。②盡管這似乎是陳詞濫調 / 模板化 / 簡單的建議，但其重要性無論怎樣強調都不過分。③落實這一點可以使_____。④此外，考慮_____也是有益的。⑤這一方面在_____中卻發揮著至關重要的作用，卻經常被忽視 / 淡化。⑥此外，不要低估_____的效力。⑦這可能具有挑戰性，但它對_____是必不可少的。
????????Ⅲ ①我相信這些建議對你在應對這個項目 / 作業 / 競賽 /_____時會有所幫助。②如果你有更多問題或需要更多指導，請隨時聯系。③祝你進展順利！
祝好
李明
四、寫作儲備
建議信常用表達
開篇：說明寫作目的
I'm writing to provide some suggestions on... 我寫這封信是為了提供一些關于…… 的建議。
I'm glad/pleased/delighted to offer my thoughts on... 我很樂意提供我對于…… 的一些想法。
I appreciate you considering my opinions regarding... 感謝你愿意參考我對…… 的意見。
This email/letter is intended to answer your request for my advice on... 這封郵件 / 信件是對你征求我關于…… 建議的回應。
中間段：具體闡述建議
I would like to suggest/recommend... 我想建議 / 推薦……
It's important to keep in mind that... 需要記住……
One approach/strategy might be to... 一種可能的方法 / 策略是……
Based on my experience/knowledge, it may be beneficial to consider... 根據我的經驗 / 知識，考慮…… 可能是有益的。
結尾：提供鼓勵和支持，并表示樂意解答更多問題、提供更多幫助
I hope you find these suggestions helpful. 希望這些建議對你有所幫助。
If there’s anything else I can do to assist, please don’t hesitate to ask. 如果我還能為你提供其他幫助，請隨時找我。
I look forward to hearing about your progress/success. 我期待聽到你的進展 / 成功。
Best wishes for a successful outcome. 衷心祝愿你取得成功。
Part B
52.Directions:
????????Write an essay based on the picture and the chart below. In your essay, you should????????1）describe the picture and the chart briefly,
????????2）interpret the implied meaning, and
????????3）give your comments.
????????Write your answer in 160 - 200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
B 節
說明：
????????根據下面的圖片和圖表寫一篇作文。在作文中，你應該????????1）簡要描述圖片和圖表，
????????2）闡釋其隱含意義，并且
????????3）給出你的評論。
????????在答題卡上用 160 - 200 詞作答。（20 分）
Part B
建造更多公園，方便居民健身、休閑
一、審題謀篇
“審題不清導致立意偏誤” 的實例
????????①圖畫中有兩人很守規矩地在步道上走路，有兩人在草坪上奔跑，考生可能由此認為圖畫意在通過這一對比呼吁人們 “不要踐踏草坪，要愛護公園里的一草一木”。
????????②考生可能忽略圖畫展現的積極面，僅根據圖表所示 “公園數量增加” 主觀認定圖表意在批判 “城市建設缺乏合理的規劃（一味建造公園，忽視了其他設施）”，并基于此展開論述。
????????③考生可能分別描述了圖畫和圖表，但在論述時卻沒有將二者的內容（公園的使用情況和公園數量的增加）關聯起來，分析相關的原因或影響。結合全部可用信息，正確推導寓意
二、作文進階
基礎作文
????????①The picture on the left depicts a park. ②A young couple are walking in the park, and two children are running. ③A resident sees this scene and says, "The new small park near home is really great!" ④The chart on the right shows that the number of parks in a certain city has increased from 406 in 2020 to 670 in 2022.
????????①The picture indicates that parks can make people feel happy. ②Parks are of great importance to cities. ③They help clean the air, and people can see a lot of plants and animals there. ④Moreover, many people like doing exercise and having fun in parks. ⑤When more parks are built, people will have more opportunities to connect with nature and engage in physical activities. ⑥As a result, they will become healthier. ⑦Many local governments know these benefits very well, so they have built a large number of parks recently, just like the city shown in the chart.
????????①To conclude, parks are very important, because they help increase people's quality of life. ②The government should not focus only on new parks, but also on old ones.參考譯文
????????①左側的圖畫描繪的是一座公園。②一對年輕情侶在園內散步，兩個孩子在跑步。③看到這一幕，一位居民說道：“家門口新建的小公園真不錯！”④右側的圖表顯示，某市的公園數量從 2020 年的 406 座增至 2022 年的 670 座。
????????①圖畫表明，公園能使人感到幸福。②公園對城市至關重要。③公園有助于清潔空氣，人們能在公園里看到許多動植物。④此外，許多人喜歡在公園里鍛煉、玩樂。⑤公園建得越多，人們就越有機會接觸大自然、參與鍛煉。⑥他們就會變得更健康。⑦許多地方政府非常清楚這些好處，因而最近建了許多公園，就像圖表所示的城市那樣。
????????①總之，公園非常重要，因為它們有助于提高人們的生活質量。②政府不應只關注新公園，也應關注舊公園。?分步進階?
????????第一段
????????①The picture on the left depicts a park. ②A young couple are walking in the park, and two children are running.
????????詞匯表達：1）可在①句 park 后添加介詞短語 with a public fitness area，既使得對圖畫的描述更完整，又能與主旨 “公園為居民提供健身場地” 相關聯。2）將②句的 walking 替換為表意相近但更高級的 strolling，還可在其后添加修飾詞 leisurely (悠閑地)，既豐富用語，又能與主旨 “公園供居民休閑放松” 相關聯。3）將②句的 running 替換為表意更準確的 jogging (慢跑鍛煉)，還可在其后添加介詞短語 behind them，既充實行文，又使得對圖畫的描述更細致、準確。
????????句式變換：1）兩句均提及圖畫的核心場景 “公園”，但①句信息明顯過少，因此可將②句 in the park 改為 in which 置于句首，使之變換為非限制性定語從句，進而與①句合并。2）圖畫中 “年輕情侶散步” 和 “孩子慢跑鍛煉” 同時發生，因此可將 and 改為 while，并刪去其前的逗號，使原先的并列句變換為主從句，以豐富句式結構。
????????高級范例：The picture on the left depicts a park with a public fitness area, in which a young couple are strolling leisurely while two children are jogging behind them.????????③A resident sees this scene and says, "The new small park is really great!"
詞匯表達：1）可將 says 改為表意相近但更高級的 comments 或 remarks。
2）可將 new 改為更貼合圖中人物話語且更高級的 newly - built。
3）句式變換：本句核心內容是居民所說的話，為體現信息的主次之分并豐富句式結構，可將 sees this scene 轉換為分詞短語 Seeing this scene 或形容詞短語 Delighted by this scene (因這一幕而高興) 置于句首，使其充當狀語，此時需刪去 and。
高級范例：1）Seeing this scene, a resident remarks, "The newly - built small park near home is really great!"
2）Delighted by this scene, a resident comments, "The newly - built small park near home is really great!"
④The chart on the right shows that the number of parks in a certain city has increased from 406 in 2020 to 670 in 2022.
詞匯表達：1）將 shows 替換為表意相近但更高級的 illustrates。2）可在 increased 后添加 in/over the past/ last/recent three years 并用逗號將其與 from...to... 隔開，既充實行文，又能更完整地展現圖表標題的內容。
????????句式變換：可將簡單的 that 賓語從句變換為名詞短語 a (n) upward/growing/increasing trend in...，既豐富表達，又能直接點明圖表呈現的上漲趨勢。
????????高級范例：The chart on the right illustrates an upward trend in the number of parks in a certain city over the past three years, from 406 in 2020 to 670 in 2022.
????????第二段
????????①The picture indicates that parks can make people feel happy.
????????詞匯表達：
? ? ? ? 1）圖畫中的人物提到的 “家門口” 一詞為關鍵信息，暗示 “在住宅區附近建造的公園能為居民提供更多方便”，為了體現這一點，可在 parks 后添加插入語 particularly/especially those close to/near residential areas/neighborhoods，前后用逗號與句子主體部分隔開。此外，還可在 those 后添加 conveniently situated/located (坐落在方便的位置)，既能更進一步豐富表達，又能更凸顯 “近便” 這一關鍵信息。
????????2）結合圖畫中的 “市民” 和圖表中的 “某市” 可知二者聚焦 “城市公園給城市居民帶來的便利”，因此可將 people 替換為表意更準確的 city/urban dwellers/residents/inhabitants。
可將 make sb feel happy 替換為表意相近但更高級的 raise/increase/enhance/improve sb's sense of well-being。
????????句式變換：主體段的開頭句應更清晰明確地點出主旨，因此可將 indicates that parks can 變換為 is aimed at highlighting/emphasizing the role of parks in doing sth 或是 is intended to highlight/emphasize the role of parks in doing sth (旨在凸顯公園在做某事方面的作用)，同時也能豐富用語、充實行文。
????????高級范例：The picture is aimed at highlighting the role of parks, particularly those (conveniently situated) close to residential neighborhoods, in increasing city dwellers' sense of well-being.
????????②Parks are of great importance to cities. ③They help clean the air, and people can see a lot of plants and animals there. ④Moreover, many people like doing exercise and having fun in parks.
????????詞匯表達：
1）可將②句的 of great importance to cities 替換為更高級的 an essential and integral part of urban infrastructure (城市基礎設施不可或缺的部分)。
2）可將③句的 help clean the air 替換為表意相近但更高級的 contribute to cleaner air，進而將 and 之后的內容替換為更高級且表意更準確的 greater biodiversity。
????????句式變換：句群的重點在于說明公園能帶來的各種好處，也即③④句為重點信息，因此可將②句變換為介詞短語 As an... 以與后兩句合并，再將③④句通過 not only...but also... 結構串聯 (需刪去④句的 Moreover)；為了便于合并，可將④句的論述角度轉換為 “公園帶來的某種好處”，比如 Parks serve as an ideal place for doing exercise/fitness and having fun/recreation，再省略主語 Parks 以與③句合并。合并之后，內容更緊湊，重點更突出。
????????高級范例：As an essential part of urban infrastructure, they not only contribute to cleaner air and greater biodiversity, but also serve as an ideal place for fitness and recreation.
????????⑤When more parks are built, people will have more opportunities to connect with nature and engage in physical activities. ⑥As a result, they will become healthier.
????????詞匯表達：
1）可將⑤句的 people 替換為表意更準確的 city/urban dwellers/residents/inhabitants。
2）可在⑤句 physical activities 前添加 outdoor (戶外的)，既豐富用語，又更貼合公園場景。
????????句式變換：
3）可將⑤句變換為 The more...the more...(越…… 就越……) 結構，以豐富句式；也可將原先的主從復合句變換為 More parks mean more opportunities for...to... 這一簡潔、緊湊的 “主謂賓” 簡單句，通過 mean (意味著) 一詞凸顯句內的因果關聯。
4）⑤⑥句也存在因果關聯，因此可將⑥句變換為 “thus＋現在分詞短語” 結構以與⑤句合并，充當結果狀語。此時，需將⑥句的內容轉換為 “去公園 (親近大自然、參與鍛煉) 能增進居民的健康”，即 improving their health；此外，還可在 health 前添加 physical and mental/psychological (身心的) 或 general (總體的) 等表達，以充實行文。
????????高級范例：
????????1)The more parks are built, the more opportunities urban inhabitants will have to connect with nature and engage in outdoor physical activities, thus improving their physical and mental health.
????????2)More parks mean more opportunities for urban residents to connect with nature and engage in outdoor physical activities, thus improving their general health.
????????⑦Many local governments have known these benefits very well, so they have built a large number of parks recently, just like the city shown in the chart.
????????詞匯表達：可將 have known...very well 替換為更高級的 have widely recognized/acknowledged...(已廣泛認可……)，以豐富用語。
????????句式變換：1）前文聚焦公園的各種好處，因此本句可直接將 these benefits 置于句首，將主動語態調整為被動語態，從而能與前文的銜接更緊密、順暢，即 These benefits have been widely recognized/acknowledged (by many local governments)。
2）可將 so... 這一表示結果的分句變換為 as (is) evidenced by...(由…… 證明) 這一由 as 引導的定語從句，以豐富句式；此時，需將分句的內容調整為名詞短語接在 by 之后，比如可調整為 the recent park building boom in many cities (最近許多城市的公園建設熱潮)，再將 just like the city... 調整為 including the one...，既使用語更正式，又使句內邏輯更順暢。
????????高級范例：These benefits have been widely recognized (by many local governments) , as evidenced by the recent park building boom in many cities, including the one shown in the chart.????????第三段
????????①To conclude, parks are very important, because they help increase people's quality of life.
????????詞匯表達：可將 increase 替換為 raise、improve、enhance 等表達，以豐富用語。
????????句式變換：可利用 be vital/crucial to/for (doing) sth 結構使冗余的主從復合句變得更簡潔、緊湊。
????????高級范例：To conclude, parks are crucial for enhancing people's quality of life.????????②The government should not focus only on new parks, but also on old ones.
????????詞匯表達：????????1）可將 not focus only on...but also on... 替換為 not only put effort into...but also into...，同時在 new parks 和 old ones 前分別增補 building 和 maintaining，既豐富用語，又使句子表意更清晰。
????????2）可將 old 替換為更高級且表意更準確的 existing (現有的)。
????????3）可利用 as well as 或 together with/along with (連同…… 一起) 引出現有公園中需要維護的設施，比如 green spaces (綠地)、walking trails (步道)、fitness facilities (健身步道)、sports and leisure facilities (運動和休閑設施)、sports fields (運動場) 等，從而使內容更充實；此時，需在句末增補 in them (在它們 / 現有公園里)，以使表意更明確。
????????句式變換：可將全句變換為 In addition to...effort should also be put into...，從而更凸顯語義重心 “不能忽視對現有公園的維護”。
????????高級范例：In addition to building new parks, effort should also be put into maintaining existing ones, along with green spaces, walking trails, and sports and leisure facilities in them.
[高級范文呈現]
高級范文
參考譯文
????????①The picture on the left depicts a park with a public fitness area, in which a young couple are strolling leisurely while two children are jogging behind them. ②Delighted by this scene, a resident comments, "The newly - built small park near home is really great!" ③The chart on the right illustrates an upward trend in the number of parks in a certain city over the past three years, from 406 in 2020 to 670 in 2022.
????????①左側的圖畫描繪的是一座設有市民健身區的公園，一對年輕情侶在園內悠閑地散步，同時兩個孩子在他們身后慢跑。②看到這一幕，一位居民高興地說道：“家門口新建的小公園真不錯！”③右側的圖表顯示了某市近三年公園數量的上升趨勢，從 2020 年的 406 座增至 2022 年的 670 座。
????????①The picture is aimed at highlighting the role of parks, particularly those conveniently situated close to residential neighborhoods, in increasing city dwellers' sense of well - being. ②As an essential part of urban infrastructure, they not only contribute to cleaner air and greater biodiversity, but also serve as an ideal place for fitness and recreation. ③More parks mean more opportunities for urban residents to connect with nature and engage in outdoor physical activities, thus improving their general health. ④These benefits have been widely recognized, as evidenced by the recent park building boom in many cities, including the one shown in the chart.
????????①圖畫旨在凸顯公園 —— 特別是那些坐落在居民區附近、方便到達的公園 —— 在提高城市居民幸福感方面的作用。②公園對城市至關重要。它們有助于清潔空氣、提高生物多樣性，還是健身和休閑的理想場所。③更多公園意味著城市居民有更多機會接觸大自然、參與戶外鍛煉，進而改善他們的總體健康狀況。④這些好處已得到廣泛認可，最近許多城市（包括圖表所示城市）的公園建設熱潮就是證明。
????????①To conclude, parks are crucial for enhancing people's quality of life. ②In addition to building new parks, effort should also be put into maintaining existing ones, along with green spaces, walking trails, and sports and leisure facilities in them.
????????①總之，公園對于提高人們生活質量至關重要。②除了建造新的公園，還應致力于維護現有的公園，以及其中的綠地、步道、運動和休閑設施。
三、應用模板
模板注釋：該模板適用于 “積極趨勢類” 話題作文，且題目既有圖畫，也有體現某種積極增長趨勢的圖表。主體段先概述圖畫和圖表展現的趨勢，再分別從個人和社會的角度說明這一趨勢的積極影響。結尾段先對引領和推動這一趨勢的人給予積極評價，再轉而指出仍有進步空間并提出相關建議。
英文 中文 ????????Ⅰ ①The picture on the left depicts a delightful scene, where ____. ②Meanwhile, it can be observed from the chart on the right that the number/amount of ____ has increased for ____ years in a row, from ____ in ____ to ____ in ____. ????????①左側的圖畫描繪了一幕令人欣喜的場景：____。②同時，從右側的圖表中可以看出，的數量已經連續____年增長，從____年的____增至____年的。 ????????Ⅱ ①The picture and the chart are intended to illustrate a positive trend in which ____. ②Both individuals and society can derive a multitude of benefits from this trend. ③To be more specific, it enables every ____ to ____, thereby improving ____. ④In addition, it plays a vital role in ____, and therefore contributes a long way to building a society/nation/world in which ____. ????????①圖畫和圖表旨在展現____的積極趨勢。②個人和社會都能從這一趨勢中受益良多。③具體而言，它使每個____都能____，從而改善____。④此外，它還在____方面發揮著重要作用，因此對建設一個____的社會 / 國家 / 世界大有裨益。 ????????Ⅲ ①In summary, due credit/recognition should be given to those who initiated and promoted this trend. ②Nevertheless, it is imperative to acknowledge that there is still significant room for improvement. ③The government/____ must make sustained efforts to ____ so as to satisfy the diverse needs of ____. ????????①總之，應該對這一趨勢的發起者和推動者給予應有的肯定。②不過，必須承認仍有很大的改進空間。③政府 /必須不斷努力，以滿足____多樣化的需求。 四、寫作儲備
- Parks give people a natural getaway in the middle of bustling cities, letting them enjoy the outdoors.
公園給人們提供了一個逃離城市喧囂、親近大自然的去處，讓他們盡情享受戶外活動。- Parks can help mitigate the impacts of climate change and reduce urban heat island effects. They also support biodiversity and provide habitat for wildlife.
公園有助于減輕氣候變化的影響，降低城市熱島效應。公園還能維持生物多樣性，為野生動植物提供棲息地。- Parks contribute to the overall livability and aesthetics of urban areas. They provide green spaces that break up the built environment and enhance the visual appeal of neighborhoods.
公園有助于提高城區的整體宜居度和美感。公園提供的綠地能將（人為）建造的環境分隔開來，并提升城區的視覺吸引力。- Public parks offer spaces for physical activities, encouraging people to engage in outdoor exercises such as walking, jogging, and cycling. Accessible and well - designed parks can promote an active and healthy lifestyle for individuals of all ages.
公園為體育鍛煉提供了場地，鼓勵人們參與散步、慢跑和騎行等戶外運動。方便到達、設計合理的公園可以促進各年齡段的人們養成積極健康的生活方式。- The National Fitness Plan issued by China in 2021 aims to create or expand 2,000 fitness venues, such as sports parks and stadiums, by 2025, achieving "full coverage" of fitness facilities in counties, towns, villages and communities so that residents are no more than a 15 - minute walk from a place to exercise.
2021 年我國發布的《全民健身計劃》的目標是，到 2025 年新建或改擴建 2000 處健身場所（如體育公園、體育場），在縣、鄉鎮、村和社區實現健身設施 “全覆蓋”，使居民步行 15 分鐘以內就能到達健身場所。
