Ubuntu 22 Linux上部署DeepSeek R1保姆式操作詳解（ollama方式）

操作系統：Ubuntu Linux 22.04

一、安裝模型運行環境

打開鏈接https://ollama.com/download/linux

1.安裝ollama

（1）一條指令即可實現的簡易版安裝方法（也可稱為在線安裝）

curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh

如果提示沒有curl命令，運行下面指令，執行過程中如有報錯，多試幾次即可。

sudo snap install curl

安裝完curl后再次執行上面指令，根據電腦配置以及網絡情況，所用時間不一，需要耐心等待。

如果想知道install.sh到底做了啥，可以研究它的源碼：

#!/bin/sh
# This script installs Ollama on Linux.
# It detects the current operating system architecture and installs the appropriate version of Ollama.set -eured="$( (/usr/bin/tput bold || :; /usr/bin/tput setaf 1 || :) 2>&-)"
plain="$( (/usr/bin/tput sgr0 || :) 2>&-)"status() { echo ">>> $*" >&2; }
error() { echo "${red}ERROR:${plain} $*"; exit 1; }
warning() { echo "${red}WARNING:${plain} $*"; }TEMP_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
cleanup() { rm -rf $TEMP_DIR; }
trap cleanup EXITavailable() { command -v $1 >/dev/null; }
require() {local MISSING=''for TOOL in $*; doif ! available $TOOL; thenMISSING="$MISSING $TOOL"fidoneecho $MISSING
}[ "$(uname -s)" = "Linux" ] || error 'This script is intended to run on Linux only.'ARCH=$(uname -m)
case "$ARCH" inx86_64) ARCH="amd64" ;;aarch64|arm64) ARCH="arm64" ;;*) error "Unsupported architecture: $ARCH" ;;
esacIS_WSL2=falseKERN=$(uname -r)
case "$KERN" in*icrosoft*WSL2 | *icrosoft*wsl2) IS_WSL2=true;;*icrosoft) error "Microsoft WSL1 is not currently supported. Please use WSL2 with 'wsl --set-version <distro> 2'" ;;*) ;;
esacVER_PARAM="${OLLAMA_VERSION:+?version=$OLLAMA_VERSION}"SUDO=
if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then# Running as root, no need for sudoif ! available sudo; thenerror "This script requires superuser permissions. Please re-run as root."fiSUDO="sudo"
fiNEEDS=$(require curl awk grep sed tee xargs)
if [ -n "$NEEDS" ]; thenstatus "ERROR: The following tools are required but missing:"for NEED in $NEEDS; doecho "  - $NEED"doneexit 1
fifor BINDIR in /usr/local/bin /usr/bin /bin; doecho $PATH | grep -q $BINDIR && break || continue
done
OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR=$(dirname ${BINDIR})if [ -d "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ollama" ] ; thenstatus "Cleaning up old version at $OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ollama"$SUDO rm -rf "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ollama"
fi
status "Installing ollama to $OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"
$SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 -d $BINDIR
$SUDO install -o0 -g0 -m755 -d "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ollama"
status "Downloading Linux ${ARCH} bundle"
curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \"https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \$SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"if [ "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/bin/ollama" != "$BINDIR/ollama" ] ; thenstatus "Making ollama accessible in the PATH in $BINDIR"$SUDO ln -sf "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR/ollama" "$BINDIR/ollama"
fi# Check for NVIDIA JetPack systems with additional downloads
if [ -f /etc/nv_tegra_release ] ; thenif grep R36 /etc/nv_tegra_release > /dev/null ; thenstatus "Downloading JetPack 6 components"curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \"https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}-jetpack6.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \$SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"elif grep R35 /etc/nv_tegra_release > /dev/null ; thenstatus "Downloading JetPack 5 components"curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \"https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}-jetpack5.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \$SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"elsewarning "Unsupported JetPack version detected.  GPU may not be supported"fi
fiinstall_success() {status 'The Ollama API is now available at 127.0.0.1:11434.'status 'Install complete. Run "ollama" from the command line.'
}
trap install_success EXIT# Everything from this point onwards is optional.configure_systemd() {if ! id ollama >/dev/null 2>&1; thenstatus "Creating ollama user..."$SUDO useradd -r -s /bin/false -U -m -d /usr/share/ollama ollamafiif getent group render >/dev/null 2>&1; thenstatus "Adding ollama user to render group..."$SUDO usermod -a -G render ollamafiif getent group video >/dev/null 2>&1; thenstatus "Adding ollama user to video group..."$SUDO usermod -a -G video ollamafistatus "Adding current user to ollama group..."$SUDO usermod -a -G ollama $(whoami)status "Creating ollama systemd service..."cat <<EOF | $SUDO tee /etc/systemd/system/ollama.service >/dev/null
[Unit]
Description=Ollama Service
After=network-online.target[Service]
ExecStart=$BINDIR/ollama serve
User=ollama
Group=ollama
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
Environment="PATH=$PATH"[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
EOFSYSTEMCTL_RUNNING="$(systemctl is-system-running || true)"case $SYSTEMCTL_RUNNING inrunning|degraded)status "Enabling and starting ollama service..."$SUDO systemctl daemon-reload$SUDO systemctl enable ollamastart_service() { $SUDO systemctl restart ollama; }trap start_service EXIT;;*)warning "systemd is not running"if [ "$IS_WSL2" = true ]; thenwarning "see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/systemd#how-to-enable-systemd to enable it"fi;;esac
}if available systemctl; thenconfigure_systemd
fi# WSL2 only supports GPUs via nvidia passthrough
# so check for nvidia-smi to determine if GPU is available
if [ "$IS_WSL2" = true ]; thenif available nvidia-smi && [ -n "$(nvidia-smi | grep -o "CUDA Version: [0-9]*\.[0-9]*")" ]; thenstatus "Nvidia GPU detected."fiinstall_successexit 0
fi# Don't attempt to install drivers on Jetson systems
if [ -f /etc/nv_tegra_release ] ; thenstatus "NVIDIA JetPack ready."install_successexit 0
fi# Install GPU dependencies on Linux
if ! available lspci && ! available lshw; thenwarning "Unable to detect NVIDIA/AMD GPU. Install lspci or lshw to automatically detect and install GPU dependencies."exit 0
ficheck_gpu() {# Look for devices based on vendor ID for NVIDIA and AMDcase $1 inlspci)case $2 innvidia) available lspci && lspci -d '10de:' | grep -q 'NVIDIA' || return 1 ;;amdgpu) available lspci && lspci -d '1002:' | grep -q 'AMD' || return 1 ;;esac ;;lshw)case $2 innvidia) available lshw && $SUDO lshw -c display -numeric -disable network | grep -q 'vendor: .* \[10DE\]' || return 1 ;;amdgpu) available lshw && $SUDO lshw -c display -numeric -disable network | grep -q 'vendor: .* \[1002\]' || return 1 ;;esac ;;nvidia-smi) available nvidia-smi || return 1 ;;esac
}if check_gpu nvidia-smi; thenstatus "NVIDIA GPU installed."exit 0
fiif ! check_gpu lspci nvidia && ! check_gpu lshw nvidia && ! check_gpu lspci amdgpu && ! check_gpu lshw amdgpu; theninstall_successwarning "No NVIDIA/AMD GPU detected. Ollama will run in CPU-only mode."exit 0
fiif check_gpu lspci amdgpu || check_gpu lshw amdgpu; thenstatus "Downloading Linux ROCm ${ARCH} bundle"curl --fail --show-error --location --progress-bar \"https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-${ARCH}-rocm.tgz${VER_PARAM}" | \$SUDO tar -xzf - -C "$OLLAMA_INSTALL_DIR"install_successstatus "AMD GPU ready."exit 0
fiCUDA_REPO_ERR_MSG="NVIDIA GPU detected, but your OS and Architecture are not supported by NVIDIA.  Please install the CUDA driver manually https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/"
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-7-centos-7
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-8-rocky-8
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#rhel-9-rocky-9
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#fedora
install_cuda_driver_yum() {status 'Installing NVIDIA repository...'case $PACKAGE_MANAGER inyum)$SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install yum-utilsif curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then$SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER-config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repoelseerror $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSGfi;;dnf)if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repo" >/dev/null ; then$SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER config-manager --add-repo https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-$1$2.repoelseerror $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSGfi;;esaccase $1 inrhel)status 'Installing EPEL repository...'# EPEL is required for third-party dependencies such as dkms and libvdpau$SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-$2.noarch.rpm || true;;esacstatus 'Installing CUDA driver...'if [ "$1" = 'centos' ] || [ "$1$2" = 'rhel7' ]; then$SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install nvidia-driver-latest-dkmsfi$SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install cuda-drivers
}# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#ubuntu
# ref: https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#debian
install_cuda_driver_apt() {status 'Installing NVIDIA repository...'if curl -I --silent --fail --location "https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.deb" >/dev/null ; thencurl -fsSL -o $TEMP_DIR/cuda-keyring.deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/$1$2/$(uname -m | sed -e 's/aarch64/sbsa/')/cuda-keyring_1.1-1_all.debelseerror $CUDA_REPO_ERR_MSGficase $1 indebian)status 'Enabling contrib sources...'$SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.list > /dev/nullif [ -f "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources" ]; then$SUDO sed 's/main/contrib/' < /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/contrib.sources > /dev/nullfi;;esacstatus 'Installing CUDA driver...'$SUDO dpkg -i $TEMP_DIR/cuda-keyring.deb$SUDO apt-get update[ -n "$SUDO" ] && SUDO_E="$SUDO -E" || SUDO_E=DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive $SUDO_E apt-get -y install cuda-drivers -q
}if [ ! -f "/etc/os-release" ]; thenerror "Unknown distribution. Skipping CUDA installation."
fi. /etc/os-releaseOS_NAME=$ID
OS_VERSION=$VERSION_IDPACKAGE_MANAGER=
for PACKAGE_MANAGER in dnf yum apt-get; doif available $PACKAGE_MANAGER; thenbreakfi
doneif [ -z "$PACKAGE_MANAGER" ]; thenerror "Unknown package manager. Skipping CUDA installation."
fiif ! check_gpu nvidia-smi || [ -z "$(nvidia-smi | grep -o "CUDA Version: [0-9]*\.[0-9]*")" ]; thencase $OS_NAME incentos|rhel) install_cuda_driver_yum 'rhel' $(echo $OS_VERSION | cut -d '.' -f 1) ;;rocky) install_cuda_driver_yum 'rhel' $(echo $OS_VERSION | cut -c1) ;;fedora) [ $OS_VERSION -lt '39' ] && install_cuda_driver_yum $OS_NAME $OS_VERSION || install_cuda_driver_yum $OS_NAME '39';;amzn) install_cuda_driver_yum 'fedora' '37' ;;debian) install_cuda_driver_apt $OS_NAME $OS_VERSION ;;ubuntu) install_cuda_driver_apt $OS_NAME $(echo $OS_VERSION | sed 's/\.//') ;;*) exit ;;esac
fiif ! lsmod | grep -q nvidia || ! lsmod | grep -q nvidia_uvm; thenKERNEL_RELEASE="$(uname -r)"case $OS_NAME inrocky) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel kernel-headers ;;centos|rhel|amzn) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel-$KERNEL_RELEASE kernel-headers-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;;fedora) $SUDO $PACKAGE_MANAGER -y install kernel-devel-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;;debian|ubuntu) $SUDO apt-get -y install linux-headers-$KERNEL_RELEASE ;;*) exit ;;esacNVIDIA_CUDA_VERSION=$($SUDO dkms status | awk -F: '/added/ { print $1 }')if [ -n "$NVIDIA_CUDA_VERSION" ]; then$SUDO dkms install $NVIDIA_CUDA_VERSIONfiif lsmod | grep -q nouveau; thenstatus 'Reboot to complete NVIDIA CUDA driver install.'exit 0fi$SUDO modprobe nvidia$SUDO modprobe nvidia_uvm
fi# make sure the NVIDIA modules are loaded on boot with nvidia-persistenced
if available nvidia-persistenced; then$SUDO touch /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.confMODULES="nvidia nvidia-uvm"for MODULE in $MODULES; doif ! grep -qxF "$MODULE" /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.conf; thenecho "$MODULE" | $SUDO tee -a /etc/modules-load.d/nvidia.conf > /dev/nullfidone
fistatus "NVIDIA GPU ready."
install_success

（2）手動一步步安裝方法（也可成為離線安裝），已經使用方式（1）安裝的可以跳過這部分內容。

下載和解壓ollma包

curl -L https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-amd64.tgz -o ollama-linux-amd64.tgz
sudo tar -C /usr -xzf ollama-linux-amd64.tgz

啟動ollama

ollama serve

再啟動一個命令窗口，敲入下面指令驗證ollama服務是否運行

ollama -v

安裝AMD GPU

curl -L https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-amd64-rocm.tgz -o ollama-linux-amd64-rocm.tgz
sudo tar -C /usr -xzf ollama-linux-amd64-rocm.tgz

安裝ARM64專用包

curl -L https://ollama.com/download/ollama-linux-arm64.tgz -o ollama-linux-arm64.tgz
sudo tar -C /usr -xzf ollama-linux-arm64.tgz

把ollama設置為啟動服務

首先創建用戶和組

sudo useradd -r -s /bin/false -U -m -d /usr/share/ollama ollama
sudo usermod -a -G ollama $(whoami)

其次創建服務文件：/etc/systemd/system/ollama.service，文件內容如下：

[Unit]
Description=Ollama Service
After=network-online.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ollama serve
User=ollama
Group=ollama
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
Environment="PATH=$PATH"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

最后啟動服務

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable ollama

安裝cuda驅動

運行nvidia-smi指令，定位所需cuda版本，到官網https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads

上下載對應驅動并安裝。

啟動ollama

sudo systemctl start ollama
sudo systemctl status ollama

2.驗證安裝是否成功

在命令窗口中輸入下面指令，看ollama版本號是否正常輸出。

ollama -v

二、下載DeepSeek R1模型

打開ollama官網首頁，點擊頁面左上角的Models。

在新打開的頁面中找到deepseek R1模型，點擊它。

選擇一個你想使用的模型，查看右邊對應的指令。

因為只是測試，驗證安裝過程，所以這里選擇了1.5b，對應的指令為

ollama run deepseek-r1:1.5b

復制它到命令窗口中執行，這是下載DeepSeek的過程，選的參數越大，文件越大，用時也就越長。過程中如果發現下載速度變慢了，可以ctrl+c中斷它，重新運行可以獲取較快的速度，每次重新運行都是繼續上一次的下載進度。我的網速還好，6秒就搞定了。出現success就是安裝成功了。

選擇哪個參數的模型，可以參考下面的硬件配置：

三、使用本地部署的DeepSeek進行對話

使用ollama啟動模型后，在>>>提示符后輸入問題，即可進行對話。

敲入/bye命令退出對話界面，如果想重新進入對話模式，可以先用ollama list命令查看有哪些模型，再用ollama run deepseek-r1:1.5b命令啟動模型。

四、用chatbox搭建web ui操作界面

每次都使用上面的方式對話，看起來很不習慣，所以需要一個圖形界面。

搭建web ui的方法很多，這里使用常見的Chatbox。

到官網箭頭指向處下載chatbox軟件。

找到下載的文件，右鍵點擊，查看屬性，修改為可執行文件。

然后在命令窗口進入到上面文件所在目錄，運行./Chatbox-1.11.3-x86_64.AppImage指令，啟動chatbox應用。如果報錯缺少fuse，先使用sudo apt install fuse指令安裝。

正常啟動chatbox后可以看到如下界面

五、把搭建的本地deepseek共享給局域網內的其他人

如果只是自己實驗或者練練手，到上一步就結束了。如果要把部署的服務共享給企業里的其他人，參考如下步驟。

1.設置環境變量

export OLLAMA_HOST="0.0.0.0"
export OLLAMA_ORIGINS="*"

說明：

??? OLLAMA_HOST=0.0.0.0：允許服務監聽所有網絡接口（而非僅本地）。
??? OLLAMA_ORIGINS=*：允許所有來源的跨域請求（生產環境建議限制為特定域名）。

或通過配置文件修改（推薦）

文件名稱與執行指令：~/.ollama/config.json

內容改為：

{ "host": "0.0.0.0", "port": 11434, "origins": ["*"] }

2.開放防火墻

sudo ufw allow 11434/tcp

sudo ufw reload

3.啟動服務并驗證

啟動ollama服務：
ollama serve

獲取本機局域網IP：
ifconfig

瀏覽器打開：
http://<你的本機IP>:11434
若返回模型列表，則配置成功。

4.客戶端連接示例（以Chatbox為例）

其它機器安裝Chatbox：

設置API：
模型提供方：選擇 ollama api
API域名：填寫 http://<你的本機IP>:11434
選擇已加載的deekseek模型，開始對話。

六、卸載ollama和模型

1.刪除ollama服務

sudo systemctl stop ollama
sudo systemctl disable ollama
sudo rm /etc/systemd/system/ollama.service

2.刪除ollama文件和目錄

sudo rm $(which ollama)

3.刪除模型文件、ollama服務用戶和用戶

sudo rm -r /usr/share/ollama
sudo userdel ollama
sudo groupdel ollama

4.刪除相關的庫

sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/ollama