前一段時間看到MySQL官方視頻的Oracle工程師在mysql shell里面重啟mysql實例，感覺這個操作很方便，所以來試試，下面為該工程師的操作截圖

1.MySQL Shell?通過root用戶連上mysql，shutdown mysql實例

[root@mysql8_3?bin]# mysqlshMySQL Shell?8.4.5Copyright (c)?2016,?2025, Oracle?and/or?its affiliates.Oracle?is?a registered trademark?of?Oracle Corporation?and/or?its affiliates.Other names may be trademarks?of?their respective owners.Type?'\help'?or?'\?'?for?help;?'\quit'?to?exit.MySQL?SQL?>?\connect?--mysqlCreating a Classic session?to?'root@localhost'Fetching?global?names?for?auto-completion... Press?^C?to?stop.Your MySQL connection id?is?377Server version:?8.4.4-commercial MySQL Enterprise Server?-?CommercialNo?default?schema selected; type \use?<schema>?to?set?one.MySQL localhost?SQL?>?select?user();+----------------+|?user()|+----------------+|?root@localhost?|+----------------+1?row?in?set?(0.0008?sec)MySQL ?localhost ?SQL?>?shutdown;Query OK,?0?rows?affected (0.0005?sec)MySQL ?localhost ?SQL?>?select?user();ERROR:?2013?(HY000): Lost connection?to?MySQL server during queryThe?global?session got disconnected..Attempting?to?reconnect?to?'mysql://root@/tmp%2Fmysql.sock'..............The?global?session could?not?be reconnected automatically.Please use?'\reconnect'?instead?to?manually reconnect.MySQL ?SQL?>MySQL ?SQL?>?\reconnectAttempting?to?reconnect?to?'mysql://root@/tmp%2Fmysql.sock'..............The?global?session could?not?be reconnected automatically.Please use?'\reconnect'?instead?to?manually reconnect.MySQL ?SQL?>

2.我們從系統上看一下mysql服務，看來默認在mysqlsh里shutdown mysql實例可以使用

[root@mysql8_3 bin]# systemctl status mysqld83308.service● mysqld83308.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld83308.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2025-04-24 12:00:39 CST; 57s agoProcess: 16169 ExecStart=/u01/mysql3308/base/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/u01/mysql3308/my.cnf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 16169 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)4月24 11:57:13 mysql8_3.52 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.4月24 12:00:39 mysql8_3.52 systemd[1]: mysqld83308.service: Succeeded.[root@mysql8_3 bin]#

3.我們啟動一下mysql服務

[root@mysql8_3 bin]# systemctl start mysqld83308.service[root@mysql8_3 bin]# systemctl status mysqld83308.service● mysqld83308.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld83308.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Thu 2025-04-24 12:02:22 CST; 2s agoMain PID: 16417 (mysqld)Tasks: 17 (limit: 22962)Memory: 579.5MCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld83308.service└─16417 /u01/mysql3308/base/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/u01/mysql3308/my.cnf4月24 12:02:22 mysql8_3.52 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.[root@mysql8_3 bin]#

4.我們在mysqlsh里執行重啟命令，報錯了

[root@mysql8_3?bin]# mysqlshMySQL Shell?8.4.5Copyright (c)?2016,?2025, Oracle?and/or?its affiliates.Oracle?is?a registered trademark?of?Oracle Corporation?and/or?its affiliates.Other names may be trademarks?of?their respective owners.Type?'\help'?or?'\?'?for?help;?'\quit'?to?exit.MySQL ?SQL?>?\connect?--mysqlCreating a Classic session?to?'root@localhost'Fetching?global?names?for?auto-completion... Press?^C?to?stop.Your MySQL connection id?is?44Server version:?8.4.4-commercial MySQL Enterprise Server?-?CommercialNo?default?schema selected; type \use?<schema>?to?set?one.MySQL ?localhost ?SQL?>?select?user();+----------------+|?user()|+----------------+|?root@localhost?|+----------------+1?row?in?set?(0.0004?sec)MySQL ?localhost ?SQL?>?restart;ERROR:?3707?(HY000): Restart server failed (mysqld?is?not?managed?by?supervisor process).MySQL ?localhost ?SQL?>

5.看看官方文檔的實現腳本

#!/bin/bashexport?MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=$$export?MYSQLD_RESTART_EXIT=16while?true?;?dobin/mysqld mysqld options hereif?[ $? -ne?$MYSQLD_RESTART_EXIT?];?thenbreakfiDone

6.我們根據官方文檔創建mysql?啟動腳本并啟動數據庫，當然啟動前先要停止mysql實例

[root@mysql8_3 mysql3308]# cat start.sh#!/bin/bashexport?MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=$$export?MYSQLD_RESTART_EXIT=16while?true?;?do/u01/mysql3308/base/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/u01/mysql3308/my.cnfif?[ $? -ne?$MYSQLD_RESTART_EXIT?];?thenbreakfi

[root@mysql8_3 mysql3308]# chmod +x start.sh[root@mysql8_3 mysql3308]# ./start.sh

7.測試，通過使用官方提供的腳本格式編寫的start.sh腳本啟動數據庫，能夠實現mysqlsh重啟mysql實例

8.根據這個腳本的邏輯修改systemd啟動腳本

[root@mysql8_3 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld83308.service# This service is actually a systemd target,# but we are using a service since targets cannot be reloaded.[Unit]Description=MySQL ServerDocumentation=mysqld.serviceAfter=network.targetAfter=syslog.target[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target[Service]RestartForceExitStatus=16Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1User=mysqlGroup=mysqlExecStart=/u01/mysql3308/base/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/u01/mysql3308/my.cnfLimitNOFILE?=?5000

9.重啟服務

[root@mysql8_3 bin]# systemctl daemon-reload[root@mysql8_3 bin]# systemctl start mysqld83308.service[root@mysql8_3 bin]# systemctl status mysqld83308.service● mysqld83308.service - MySQL ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld83308.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Thu 2025-04-24 12:19:43 CST; 2s agoMain PID: 17310 (mysqld)Tasks: 30 (limit: 22962)Memory: 672.4MCGroup: /system.slice/mysqld83308.service└─17310 /u01/mysql3308/base/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/u01/mysql3308/my.cnf4月24 12:19:43 mysql8_3.52 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

10.測試使用systemd啟動腳本的mysqlsh重啟效果

這兩種方法均能實現，原理來自官方腳本

參考:

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/restart.html

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.exec.html#Environment

https://www.jinbuguo.com/systemd/systemd.service.html