STM32基礎教程——對射式紅外傳感器計數實驗

前言

?對射式紅外傳感器介紹

????????對射式紅外傳感器是一種非接觸式的距離檢測器，主要由發射器和接收器兩部分組成。發射器發出特定波長的紅外光束，當物體阻擋了這條光束時，接收器無法接收到光線信號，從而產生一個開關信號來判斷物體的存在與否或位置變化。這種傳感器具有較高的精度和穩定性，適用于各種工業自動化控制、安全防護系統以及機器人導航等領域。常見的應用場景包括生產線上的物品計數、門禁系統的開啟與關閉控制等。

?使用說明

接線說明?

技術實現?

原理圖

?代碼實現

CountSensor.h

#ifndef __COUNTSENSOR_H__
#define __COUNTSENSOR_H__void CountSensor_Init(void);
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void);#endif

?CountSensor.c

#include "stm32f10x.h"                  // Device headeruint16_t CountSensor_Count;				//統計中斷的次數/*** @brief	對射式紅外發射器初始化* @param  None* @retval None
*/
void CountSensor_Init(void)
{/*高速總線APB2外圍時鐘設置*/RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,ENABLE);				//指定APB2外設為GPIOB對其時鐘進行控制RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);					//指定APB2外設為AFIO對其時鐘進行控制/*EXTI和NVIC的時鐘是一直開啟的，不需要手動配置開啟時鐘*//*GPIO初始化 *//*結構體初始化*/GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;										//定義一個GPIO_InitTypeDef類型的結構體/*此處輸入模式不建議配置為浮空輸入，因為在無外部信號輸入時，引腳狀態不確定且易受外界干擾，導致出錯。*/GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Mode 		= GPIO_Mode_IPU;				 		//配置為上拉輸入，默認為高電平輸入模式 GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Speed 		= GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_InitStruct.GPIO_Pin 		= GPIO_Pin_14;							//選擇PB14引腳GPIO_Init(GPIOB,&GPIO_InitStruct);/*配置AFIO外部中斷引腳選擇*/GPIO_EXTILineConfig(GPIO_PortSourceGPIOB,GPIO_PinSource14);				//將PB14設置為外部中斷引腳 /*配置EXTI*//*結構體初始化*/EXTI_InitTypeDef EXTI_InitStruct;EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Line 		= EXTI_Line14 ;							//選擇PB14引腳為外部中斷線EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_LineCmd 	= ENABLE;EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Mode 		= EXTI_Mode_Interrupt;					//中斷模式觸發EXTI_InitStruct.EXTI_Trigger 	= EXTI_Trigger_Rising;					//將觸發活動邊沿設置為上升沿觸發EXTI_Init(&EXTI_InitStruct);/*配置NVIC*/NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);							//配置中斷優先分組/*初始化結構體 */NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStruct;										//定義結構體NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannel 					= EXTI15_10_IRQn;	//指定要啟用的IRQ通道NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd 					= ENABLE;NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority 	= 1;				//設置優先級NVIC_InitStruct.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority 			= 1;NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStruct);
}/*** @brief	返回統計的次數* @param  None* @retval CountSensor_Count:將統計的中斷次數返回
*/
uint16_t CountSensor_Get(void)
{return CountSensor_Count;
}/*** @brief	中斷函數* @param  None* @retval None
*/
void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler(void)												//STM32的中斷函數名稱是固定的，由STM32的啟動文件（startup file）定義。
{																			//每個中斷向量都有對應的默認函數名稱,若在未改變啟動文件的情況下隨意給中斷函數命名將無法正確進入中斷。if(EXTI_GetITStatus(EXTI_Line14) == SET)								//檢測中斷標志位是否置1{CountSensor_Count++;EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(EXTI_Line14);								//清除中斷標志位}
}

?OLED.h

#ifndef __OLED_H
#define __OLED_Hvoid OLED_Init(void);
void OLED_Clear(void);
void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char);
void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String);
void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);
void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length);#endif

OLED.c?

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "OLED_Font.h"/*引腳配置*/
#define OLED_W_SCL(x)		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_8, (BitAction)(x))		//可更改引腳配置
#define OLED_W_SDA(x)		GPIO_WriteBit(GPIOB, GPIO_Pin_9, (BitAction)(x))		//更改引腳時，改變參數GPIOx,GPIO_Pin_x/*引腳初始化*/
void OLED_I2C_Init(void)
{RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_OD;								//將引腳的輸出模式設置為開漏輸出GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;//更改引腳時，改變參數GPIOx,GPIO_Pin_xGPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_8;GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);//更改引腳時，改變參數GPIOx,GPIO_Pin_xGPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);OLED_W_SCL(1);OLED_W_SDA(1);
}/*** @brief  I2C開始* @param  無* @retval 無*/
void OLED_I2C_Start(void)
{OLED_W_SDA(1);OLED_W_SCL(1);OLED_W_SDA(0);OLED_W_SCL(0);
}/*** @brief  I2C停止* @param  無* @retval 無*/
void OLED_I2C_Stop(void)
{OLED_W_SDA(0);OLED_W_SCL(1);OLED_W_SDA(1);
}/*** @brief  I2C發送一個字節* @param  Byte 要發送的一個字節* @retval 無*/
void OLED_I2C_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{uint8_t i;for (i = 0; i < 8; i++){OLED_W_SDA(!!(Byte & (0x80 >> i)));OLED_W_SCL(1);OLED_W_SCL(0);}OLED_W_SCL(1);	//額外的一個時鐘，不處理應答信號OLED_W_SCL(0);
}/*** @brief  OLED寫命令* @param  Command 要寫入的命令* @retval 無*/
void OLED_WriteCommand(uint8_t Command)
{OLED_I2C_Start();OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x78);		//從機地址OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x00);		//寫命令OLED_I2C_SendByte(Command); OLED_I2C_Stop();
}/*** @brief  OLED寫數據* @param  Data 要寫入的數據* @retval 無*/
void OLED_WriteData(uint8_t Data)
{OLED_I2C_Start();OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x78);		//從機地址OLED_I2C_SendByte(0x40);		//寫數據OLED_I2C_SendByte(Data);OLED_I2C_Stop();
}/*** @brief  OLED設置光標位置* @param  Y 以左上角為原點，向下方向的坐標，范圍：0~7* @param  X 以左上角為原點，向右方向的坐標，范圍：0~127* @retval 無*/
void OLED_SetCursor(uint8_t Y, uint8_t X)
{OLED_WriteCommand(0xB0 | Y);					//設置Y位置OLED_WriteCommand(0x10 | ((X & 0xF0) >> 4));	//設置X位置高4位OLED_WriteCommand(0x00 | (X & 0x0F));			//設置X位置低4位
}/*** @brief  OLED清屏* @param  無* @retval 無*/
void OLED_Clear(void)
{  uint8_t i, j;for (j = 0; j < 8; j++){OLED_SetCursor(j, 0);for(i = 0; i < 128; i++){OLED_WriteData(0x00);}}
}/*** @brief  OLED顯示一個字符* @param  Line 行位置，范圍：1~4* @param  Column 列位置，范圍：1~16* @param  Char 要顯示的一個字符，范圍：ASCII可見字符* @retval 無*/
void OLED_ShowChar(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char Char)
{      	uint8_t i;OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2, (Column - 1) * 8);		//設置光標位置在上半部分for (i = 0; i < 8; i++){OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i]);			//顯示上半部分內容}OLED_SetCursor((Line - 1) * 2 + 1, (Column - 1) * 8);	//設置光標位置在下半部分for (i = 0; i < 8; i++){OLED_WriteData(OLED_F8x16[Char - ' '][i + 8]);		//顯示下半部分內容}
}/*** @brief  OLED顯示字符串* @param  Line 起始行位置，范圍：1~4* @param  Column 起始列位置，范圍：1~16* @param  String 要顯示的字符串，范圍：ASCII可見字符* @retval 無*/
void OLED_ShowString(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, char *String)
{uint8_t i;for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i++){OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, String[i]);}
}/*** @brief  OLED次方函數* @retval 返回值等于X的Y次方*/
uint32_t OLED_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{uint32_t Result = 1;while (Y--){Result *= X;}return Result;
}/*** @brief  OLED顯示數字（十進制，正數）* @param  Line 起始行位置，范圍：1~4* @param  Column 起始列位置，范圍：1~16* @param  Number 要顯示的數字，范圍：0~4294967295* @param  Length 要顯示數字的長度，范圍：1~10* @retval 無*/
void OLED_ShowNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{uint8_t i;for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)							{OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');}
}/*** @brief  OLED顯示數字（十進制，帶符號數）* @param  Line 起始行位置，范圍：1~4* @param  Column 起始列位置，范圍：1~16* @param  Number 要顯示的數字，范圍：-2147483648~2147483647* @param  Length 要顯示數字的長度，范圍：1~10* @retval 無*/
void OLED_ShowSignedNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, int32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{uint8_t i;uint32_t Number1;if (Number >= 0){OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '+');Number1 = Number;}else{OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column, '-');Number1 = -Number;}for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)							{OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i + 1, Number1 / OLED_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');}
}/*** @brief  OLED顯示數字（十六進制，正數）* @param  Line 起始行位置，范圍：1~4* @param  Column 起始列位置，范圍：1~16* @param  Number 要顯示的數字，范圍：0~0xFFFFFFFF* @param  Length 要顯示數字的長度，范圍：1~8* @retval 無*/
void OLED_ShowHexNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{uint8_t i, SingleNumber;for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)							{SingleNumber = Number / OLED_Pow(16, Length - i - 1) % 16;if (SingleNumber < 10){OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber + '0');}else{OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, SingleNumber - 10 + 'A');}}
}/*** @brief  OLED顯示數字（二進制，正數）* @param  Line 起始行位置，范圍：1~4* @param  Column 起始列位置，范圍：1~16* @param  Number 要顯示的數字，范圍：0~1111 1111 1111 1111* @param  Length 要顯示數字的長度，范圍：1~16* @retval 無*/
void OLED_ShowBinNum(uint8_t Line, uint8_t Column, uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{uint8_t i;for (i = 0; i < Length; i++)							{OLED_ShowChar(Line, Column + i, Number / OLED_Pow(2, Length - i - 1) % 2 + '0');}
}/*** @brief  OLED初始化* @param  無* @retval 無*/
void OLED_Init(void)
{uint32_t i, j;for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++)			//上電延時{for (j = 0; j < 1000; j++);}OLED_I2C_Init();			//端口初始化OLED_WriteCommand(0xAE);	//關閉顯示OLED_WriteCommand(0xD5);	//設置顯示時鐘分頻比/振蕩器頻率OLED_WriteCommand(0x80);OLED_WriteCommand(0xA8);	//設置多路復用率OLED_WriteCommand(0x3F);OLED_WriteCommand(0xD3);	//設置顯示偏移OLED_WriteCommand(0x00);OLED_WriteCommand(0x40);	//設置顯示開始行OLED_WriteCommand(0xA1);	//設置左右方向，0xA1正常 0xA0左右反置OLED_WriteCommand(0xC8);	//設置上下方向，0xC8正常 0xC0上下反置OLED_WriteCommand(0xDA);	//設置COM引腳硬件配置OLED_WriteCommand(0x12);OLED_WriteCommand(0x81);	//設置對比度控制OLED_WriteCommand(0xCF);OLED_WriteCommand(0xD9);	//設置預充電周期OLED_WriteCommand(0xF1);OLED_WriteCommand(0xDB);	//設置VCOMH取消選擇級別OLED_WriteCommand(0x30);OLED_WriteCommand(0xA4);	//設置整個顯示打開/關閉OLED_WriteCommand(0xA6);	//設置正常/倒轉顯示OLED_WriteCommand(0x8D);	//設置充電泵OLED_WriteCommand(0x14);OLED_WriteCommand(0xAF);	//開啟顯示OLED_Clear();				//OLED清屏
}

?OLED_Front.h

#ifndef __OLED_FONT_H
#define __OLED_FONT_H/*OLED字模庫，寬8像素，高16像素*/
const uint8_t OLED_F8x16[][16]=
{0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//  00x00,0x00,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//! 10x00,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x10,0x0C,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//" 20x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0xC0,0x78,0x40,0x00,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x3F,0x04,0x04,0x00,//# 30x00,0x70,0x88,0xFC,0x08,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0xFF,0x21,0x1E,0x00,0x00,//$ 40xF0,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x21,0x1C,0x03,0x1E,0x21,0x1E,0x00,//% 50x00,0xF0,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1E,0x21,0x23,0x24,0x19,0x27,0x21,0x10,//& 60x10,0x16,0x0E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//' 70x00,0x00,0x00,0xE0,0x18,0x04,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x40,0x00,//( 80x00,0x02,0x04,0x18,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x20,0x18,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,//) 90x40,0x40,0x80,0xF0,0x80,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x0F,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x00,//* 100x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x1F,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,//+ 110x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xB0,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//, 120x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,//- 130x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//. 140x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x18,0x04,0x00,0x60,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,/// 150x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//0 160x00,0x10,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//1 170x00,0x70,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x28,0x24,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//2 180x00,0x30,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x48,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//3 190x00,0x00,0xC0,0x20,0x10,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x04,0x24,0x24,0x3F,0x24,0x00,//4 200x00,0xF8,0x08,0x88,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//5 210x00,0xE0,0x10,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//6 220x00,0x38,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//7 230x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x1C,0x22,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//8 240x00,0xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x31,0x22,0x22,0x11,0x0F,0x00,//9 250x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,//: 260x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//; 270x00,0x00,0x80,0x40,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x04,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x00,//< 280x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00,//= 290x00,0x08,0x10,0x20,0x40,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x04,0x02,0x01,0x00,//> 300x00,0x70,0x48,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x30,0x36,0x01,0x00,0x00,//? 310xC0,0x30,0xC8,0x28,0xE8,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x27,0x24,0x23,0x14,0x0B,0x00,//@ 320x00,0x00,0xC0,0x38,0xE0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3C,0x23,0x02,0x02,0x27,0x38,0x20,//A 330x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//B 340xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x08,0x00,//C 350x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//D 360x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x23,0x20,0x18,0x00,//E 370x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0xE8,0x08,0x10,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x00,0x00,0x00,//F 380xC0,0x30,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x20,0x20,0x22,0x1E,0x02,0x00,//G 390x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x21,0x3F,0x20,//H 400x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//I 410x00,0x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//J 420x08,0xF8,0x88,0xC0,0x28,0x18,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x01,0x26,0x38,0x20,0x00,//K 430x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x30,0x00,//L 440x08,0xF8,0xF8,0x00,0xF8,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,//M 450x08,0xF8,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x07,0x18,0x3F,0x00,//N 460xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x0F,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x0F,0x00,//O 470x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xF0,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,//P 480xE0,0x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x10,0xE0,0x00,0x0F,0x18,0x24,0x24,0x38,0x50,0x4F,0x00,//Q 490x08,0xF8,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x70,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x20,//R 500x00,0x70,0x88,0x08,0x08,0x08,0x38,0x00,0x00,0x38,0x20,0x21,0x21,0x22,0x1C,0x00,//S 510x18,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x08,0x18,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//T 520x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x08,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//U 530x08,0x78,0x88,0x00,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x38,0x0E,0x01,0x00,0x00,//V 540xF8,0x08,0x00,0xF8,0x00,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x03,0x3C,0x07,0x00,0x07,0x3C,0x03,0x00,//W 550x08,0x18,0x68,0x80,0x80,0x68,0x18,0x08,0x20,0x30,0x2C,0x03,0x03,0x2C,0x30,0x20,//X 560x08,0x38,0xC8,0x00,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,//Y 570x10,0x08,0x08,0x08,0xC8,0x38,0x08,0x00,0x20,0x38,0x26,0x21,0x20,0x20,0x18,0x00,//Z 580x00,0x00,0x00,0xFE,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7F,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x00,//[ 590x00,0x0C,0x30,0xC0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x06,0x38,0xC0,0x00,//\ 600x00,0x02,0x02,0x02,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x7F,0x00,0x00,0x00,//] 610x00,0x00,0x04,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//^ 620x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,//_ 630x00,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//` 640x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x19,0x24,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x3F,0x20,//a 650x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//b 660x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x00,//c 670x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x88,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//d 680x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x22,0x13,0x00,//e 690x00,0x80,0x80,0xF0,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x18,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//f 700x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x6B,0x94,0x94,0x94,0x93,0x60,0x00,//g 710x08,0xF8,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//h 720x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//i 730x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x98,0x98,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xC0,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x7F,0x00,0x00,//j 740x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x24,0x02,0x2D,0x30,0x20,0x00,//k 750x00,0x08,0x08,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//l 760x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,0x20,0x00,0x3F,//m 770x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x3F,0x20,//n 780x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x1F,0x00,//o 790x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0xFF,0xA1,0x20,0x20,0x11,0x0E,0x00,//p 800x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x0E,0x11,0x20,0x20,0xA0,0xFF,0x80,//q 810x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x20,0x20,0x3F,0x21,0x20,0x00,0x01,0x00,//r 820x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x33,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x24,0x19,0x00,//s 830x00,0x80,0x80,0xE0,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x00,0x00,//t 840x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x1F,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x10,0x3F,0x20,//u 850x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x01,0x0E,0x30,0x08,0x06,0x01,0x00,//v 860x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x0F,0x30,0x0C,0x03,0x0C,0x30,0x0F,0x00,//w 870x00,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x31,0x2E,0x0E,0x31,0x20,0x00,//x 880x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x81,0x8E,0x70,0x18,0x06,0x01,0x00,//y 890x00,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x21,0x30,0x2C,0x22,0x21,0x30,0x00,//z 900x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x7C,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3F,0x40,0x40,//{ 910x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0x00,0x00,0x00,//| 920x00,0x02,0x02,0x7C,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x40,0x3F,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//} 930x00,0x06,0x01,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,//~ 94
};#endif

main.c?

/**********************************************************
1.實驗名稱:對射式紅外傳感器計數
2.實驗環境:STM32F103C8T6最小系統板
3.實驗內容:對射式紅外傳感器當進口槽型傳感器無遮擋時，DO口輸出低電平，電源指示燈導通，當傳感器被遮擋時，DO口輸出高電平，實驗中我們使用上升沿外部中斷觸發。
4.作者；abai
5.實驗時間：2025-3-8
**********************************************************/
#include "stm32f10x.h"                  			// Device header
#include "Delay.h"									//延時函數
#include "OLED.h"
#include "CountSensor.h"int main(void)
{/*OLED初始化*/OLED_Init();/*外部中斷初始化*/CountSensor_Init();OLED_ShowString(1,1,"Count:");					//注意計算字符串的長度，切勿超出屏幕的長度while(1){OLED_ShowNum(1,7,CountSensor_Get(),5);}
}

?技術要點

1.中斷系統

? ? ? ? 中斷：當主程序中，出現了特定的中斷觸發條件（中斷源），使得CPU暫停當前正在運行的程序，轉而去處理中斷程序，處理完成后又返回原來被暫停的位置繼續執行。

? ? ? ? 中斷優先級：當有多個中斷源同時申請中斷時，CPU會根據中斷源的輕重緩急進行裁決，優先響應更加緊急的中斷源。

? ? ? ? 中斷嵌套：當一個中斷程序正在運行時，又有新的更高優先級的中斷源申請中斷，CPU會再次暫停當前中斷程序，轉而去處理新的中斷程序，處理完成后一次進行返回。

2.STM32中斷?

? ? ? ? 擁有68個可屏蔽中斷通道，包含EXTI,TIM,ADC,UART,SPI.I2C.RTC等多個外設? ? ? ??

? ? ? ? 使用NVIC統一管理中斷，每個中斷通道都擁有16個可編程的優先等級，可對優先級進行分組，進一步設置搶占優先級和響應優先級

3.NVIC?

? ? ? ? NVIC(Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller):嵌套向量中斷控制器，NVIC提供如下功能：

可嵌套中斷支持
向量中斷支持
動態優先級支持
中斷延遲大大縮短
中斷可屏蔽?

NVIC基本結構

? NVIC負責處理外設向CPU申請的中斷，它根據中斷優先級來決定哪一個外設優先進行中斷。外設與它有N根通道相連，而NVIC只有一根通道相連。不僅避免的眾多中斷申請打斷CPU的進程，而且節省了CPU的接口。

NVIC優先級分組?

NVIC的中斷優先級由優先級寄存器的4位（0~15）決定，這4位可以進行切分，分為高N位的搶占優先級（pre-emption priority）和4-N位搶占優先級（subpriority）
pre_emption priority高的可以中斷嵌套，subpriority可以優先排隊，pre_emption priority and subpriority均相同的按中斷號排隊。

4.EXTI??

EXTI(Extern Interrupt)外部中斷
?EXTI可以監測指定GPIO口的電平信號，當其指定的GPIO口產生電平變化時，EXTI將立即向NVIC發出中斷申請，經過NVIC裁決后即可中斷CPU主程序，使CPU執行EXTI對應的中斷程序
支持的觸發方式：上升沿/下降沿/雙邊沿/軟件觸發
支持的GPIO口：所有的GPIO口，但相同的Pin不能同時觸發
通道數：16個GPIO_Pin，外加PVD輸出，RTC鬧鐘，USB喚醒，以太網喚醒
觸發響應方式：中斷響應/事件響應

EXTI基本結構?

EXTI框圖

（輸入線為16根數據輸入線）?

AFIO復用IO口?

AFIO主要用于引腳復用功能的選擇和重定義
在STM32中，AFIO主要完成兩個任務：復用功能引腳重映射、中斷引腳選擇

（由圖可知相同的PIN不能同時觸發）?

5. 外部中斷配置

配置外部中斷要先配置AFIO，然后配置EXTI，最后配置NVIC，過程如下圖

6AFIO配置?

在配置AFIO之前要先進行GPIO初始化，確定引腳，輸入輸出模式等

GPIO的輸入模式由浮空輸入，上拉輸入，下拉輸入。浮空輸入在引腳空閑時引腳的狀態不確定，易出現錯誤，上拉輸入是在IO口使用弱上拉電阻將引腳的默認電平拉高，而下拉輸入使用下拉電阻將IO口引腳的默認電平拉低。

void GPIO_EXTILineConfig(uint8_t GPIO_PortSource, uint8_t GPIO_PinSource);

GPIO_EXTILineConfig()函數用于選擇GPIO的引腳作為EXTI通道，兩個參數分別選擇GPIO寄存器和GPIO引腳。

7.EXTI部分函數?

void EXTI_Init(EXTI_InitTypeDef* EXTI_InitStruct);

EXTI_Init()用于初始化指定的EXTI外設，參數接受一個指向EXTI_InitTypeDef結構體的指針，該結構體有關于指定外部中斷線引腳，外部中斷線新狀態，?中斷觸發模式，以及觸發信號活動邊沿。

8.NVIC部分函數

void NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(uint32_t NVIC_PriorityGroup);

NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig()函數用配置優先級分組，可選擇以下5種分組。

@param  NVIC_PriorityGroup: specifies the priority grouping bits length. *   This parameter can be one of the following values:*     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_0: 0 bits for pre-emption priority*                                4 bits for subpriority*     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_1: 1 bits for pre-emption priority*                                3 bits for subpriority*     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_2: 2 bits for pre-emption priority*                                2 bits for subpriority*     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_3: 3 bits for pre-emption priority*                                1 bits for subpriority*     @arg NVIC_PriorityGroup_4: 4 bits for pre-emption priority*                                0 bits for subpriority          0 bits for subpriority

void NVIC_Init(NVIC_InitTypeDef* NVIC_InitStruct);

NVIC_Init()函數用于初始化NVIC外設接受指向NVIC_InitTypeDef的指針。該結構體分別用于指定要啟用的IRQ通道，是否啟用IRQ通道，pre_emption priority和subpriority的優先級

9.中斷函數?

中斷函數的命名是固定的，要根據啟動文件中的中斷向量表中查找，每一個中斷源對應一個特定的中斷服務函數名。中斷函數名是嚴格區分大小寫的，必須嚴格按照啟動文件中的定義來編寫。

ITStatus EXTI_GetITStatus(uint32_t EXTI_Line);

?進入中斷函數后要調用EXTI_GetITStaus()函數用于檢測參數指定的EXTI線路是否有中斷觸發請求發生，該函數可以精確判斷中斷的來源避免誤觸發。如果不需要區分中斷線路，可以不使用該函數。

void EXTI_ClearITPendingBit(uint32_t EXTI_Line);

EXTI_ClearITPendingBit()函數用于在中斷程序中處理完中斷事件后清除中斷標志位，防止中斷服務重復觸發。

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