DKMS(Dynamic Kernel Module Support)是一個框架,用于構建和安裝內核模塊。它允許第三方內核模塊在系統內核升級時自動重新構建和安裝,從而確保這些模塊與新內核版本兼容。
DKMS的工作原理是將內核模塊的源代碼和安裝腳本存儲在一個特定的位置,并在內核升級時重新構建和安裝這些模塊。這樣,即使系統內核更新,這些第三方模塊也可以保持有效,而無需手動重新編譯和安裝。
DKMS的主要優點包括:
1. 自動化:DKMS可以自動處理內核模塊的構建和安裝過程,簡化了管理第三方模塊的流程。
2. 兼容性:通過DKMS,第三方模塊可以與新內核版本保持兼容,無需手動干預。
3. 靈活性:DKMS支持各種不同類型的內核模塊,使其適用于各種不同的需求和場景。
安裝依賴
sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
sudo apt install gcc make
安裝DKMS
root@velinux:~# apt install dkms
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:menu
The following NEW packages will be installed:dkms
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 457 not upgraded.
Need to get 51.5 kB of archives.
After this operation, 200 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://deb.debian.org/debian sid/main amd64 dkms all 3.0.12-4 [51.5 kB]
Fetched 51.5 kB in 1s (48.4 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package dkms.
(Reading database ... 72640 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../archives/dkms_3.0.12-4_all.deb ...
Unpacking dkms (3.0.12-4) ...
Setting up dkms (3.0.12-4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.5-2) ...
root@velinux:~#
root@velinux:~#
root@velinux:~# dkms
Error! Unknown action specified: ""
Usage: /usr/sbin/dkms [action] [options][action] = { add | remove | build | install | uninstall | match | autoinstall |mktarball | ldtarball | status }[options] = [-m module] [-v module-version] [-k kernel-version] [-a arch][-c dkms.conf-location] [-q] [--force] [--force-version-override] [--all][--templatekernel=kernel] [--directive='cli-directive=cli-value'][--config=kernel-.config-location] [--archive=tarball-location][--kernelsourcedir=source-location][--binaries-only] [--source-only] [--verbose][--no-depmod] [--modprobe-on-install] [-j number] [--version]
制作dkms目錄結構和路徑/usr/src/hello-1.0.0
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$ tree .
.
├── dkms.conf
├── hello.c
└── Makefile0 directories, 3 files
dkms配置文件
bsp-server@bsp:~$ cat /usr/src/hello-1.0.0/dkms.conf
PACKAGE_NAME="hello"
PACKAGE_VERSION="1.0.0"
CLEAN="make clean"
MAKE[0]="make all"
BUILT_MODULE_NAME[0]="hello"
DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[0]="/updates"
AUTOINSTALL="yes"
PACKAGE_NAME="hello":指定DKMS包的名稱為"hello"
PACKAGE_VERSION="1.0.0":指定DKMS包的版本號為"1.0.0"
CLEAN="make clean":指定在構建新模塊之前要執行的清理操作。當執行dkms build命令時,會先執行make clean命令來清理之前構建的模塊。
-MAKE[0]="make all":指定構建模塊時要執行的命令。在這里,執行make al`命令來編譯模塊源代碼。
BUILT_MODULE_NAME[0]="hello":指定要構建的模塊的名稱為"hello",這與源代碼中的模塊名稱對應。
DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[0]="/updates":指定安裝模塊的目標位置。在這里,將構建的模塊安裝到"
/home/bsp-server/dkms_dest"目錄中。
AUTOINSTALL="yes":指定是否自動安裝模塊。設置為"yes"時,DKMS會在構建成功后自動安裝模塊。
Hello驅動代碼
bsp-server@bsp:~$ cat /usr/src/hello-1.0.0/hello.c
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>static int __init hello_init(void)
{printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world!\n");return 0;
}static void __exit hello_exit(void)
{printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye world!\n");
}module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Your Name");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple hello world driver");
Makefile代碼
bsp-server@bsp:~$ cat /usr/src/hello-1.0.0/Makefile
obj-m += hello.oall:make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modulesclean:make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) cleaninstall:make -C /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build M=$(PWD) modules_installdepmod -auninstall:rmmod hellorm -f /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/extra/hello.kodepmod -a.PHONY: all clean install uninstall
添加
bsp-server@bsp:~$ sudo dkms add -m hello -v 1.0.0
Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/hello/1.0.0/source -> /usr/src/hello-1.0.0
報錯提示
1.拷貝到/usr/src/hello-1.0.0
bsp-server@bsp:~/dkms_test$ sudo dkms add -m hello -v 1.0.0
Error! Could not find module source directory.
Directory: /usr/src/hello-1.0.0 does not exist.2.創建'/kernel', '/updates', or '/extra'其中一個目錄填在/usr/src/hello-1.0.0/dkms.conf中的DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[0]
bsp-server@bsp:~$ sudo dkms add -m hello -v 1.0.0
dkms.conf: Error! Directive 'DEST_MODULE_LOCATION' does not begin with
'/kernel', '/updates', or '/extra' in record #0.
Error! Bad conf file.
File: /usr/src/hello-1.0.0/dkms.conf does not represent a valid dkms.conf file.
dkms編譯
bsp-server@bsp:~$ dkms build -m hello -v 1.0.0
Error! No write access to create a DKMS tree at /var/lib/dkms
bsp-server@bsp:~$ sudo dkms build -m hello -v 1.0.0Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel. Skipping...Building module:
cleaning build area...
make -j40 KERNELRELEASE=6.5.0-15-generic all...
Signing module:
Generating a new Secure Boot signing key:
Can't load /var/lib/shim-signed/mok/.rnd into RNG
801B5B1FF57F0000:error:12000079:random number generator:RAND_load_file:Cannot open file:../crypto/rand/randfile.c:106:Filename=/var/lib/shim-signed/mok/.rnd
...+...+..+.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*...+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*..+..+...+.......+...+........+.+......+...+...........+...+...+....+......+.....+.........+....+..+.........+................+.........+...+.....+......+......+.+....................+...+.+......+...+........................+..+....+.....+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
............+....+...............+.....+.+........+....+...+..+..........+...+........+......+...+.+......+...+.....+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*....+.+..............+....+.....+.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++*...+...+...+..+.......+...+..+......+..........+..+...+.+.....+................+........+......+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
------ /var/lib/dkms/hello/1.0.0/6.5.0-15-generic/x86_64/module/hello.ko
Secure Boot not enabled on this system.
cleaning build area...
dkms安裝
bsp-server@bsp:~$ sudo dkms install -m hello -v 1.0.0hello.ko:
Running module version sanity check.- Original module- No original module exists within this kernel- Installation- Installing to /lib/modules/6.5.0-15-generic/updates/dkms/depmod..........
查看dkms狀態
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$ sudo dkms status
hello/1.0.0, 6.5.0-15-generic, x86_64: installed
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$
dkms的unstall
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$ sudo dkms uninstall -m hello -v 1.0.0
Module hello-1.0.0 for kernel 6.5.0-15-generic (x86_64).
Before uninstall, this module version was ACTIVE on this kernel.hello.ko:- Uninstallation- Deleting from: /lib/modules/6.5.0-15-generic/updates/dkms/- Original module- No original module was found for this module on this kernel.- Use the dkms install command to reinstall any previous module version.depmod...
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$ sudo dkms status
hello/1.0.0, 6.5.0-15-generic, x86_64: built
dkms的remove
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$ sudo dkms remove -m hello -v 1.0.0
Module hello-1.0.0 for kernel 6.5.0-15-generic (x86_64).
This module version was INACTIVE for this kernel.
depmod...
Deleting module hello-1.0.0 completely from the DKMS tree.
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$ sudo dkms status
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$
dkms制作deb包
可以轉成deb、rpm使用,還有其他具體dkms -h看看
bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$ sudo dkms mkdeb -m hello -v 1.0.0
Using /etc/dkms/template-dkms-mkdeb
copying template...
modifying debian/changelog...
modifying debian/compat...
modifying debian/control...
modifying debian/copyright...
modifying debian/dirs...
modifying debian/postinst...
modifying debian/prerm...
modifying debian/README.Debian...
modifying debian/rules...
copying legacy postinstall template...
Copying source tree...
Building binary package...dpkg-buildpackage: warning: using a gain-root-command while being rootdpkg-source --before-build .fakeroot debian/rules clean
dh_clean: warning: Compatibility levels before 10 are deprecated (level 7 in use)debian/rules buildfakeroot debian/rules binary
dh_installdirs: warning: Compatibility levels before 10 are deprecated (level 7 in use)
dh_strip: warning: Compatibility levels before 10 are deprecated (level 7 in use)
dh_compress: warning: Compatibility levels before 10 are deprecated (level 7 in use)
dh_installdeb: warning: Compatibility levels before 10 are deprecated (level 7 in use)
dh_shlibdeps: warning: Compatibility levels before 10 are deprecated (level 7 in use)dpkg-genbuildinfo --build=binary -O../hello-dkms_1.0.0_amd64.buildinfodpkg-genchanges --build=binary -O../hello-dkms_1.0.0_amd64.changesdpkg-source --after-build .Moving built files to /var/lib/dkms/hello/1.0.0/deb...
Cleaning up temporary files...bsp-server@bsp:/usr/src/hello-1.0.0$ ls /var/lib/dkms/hello/1.0.0/deb/
hello-dkms_1.0.0_amd64.deb