ipv6路由協議配置

The IPV6 address is 128 bits. Whereas IPV4 is represented by 4 groups of decimal numbers, same IPV6 is represented by 8 groups of hexadecimal numbers. The example of IPV6 address is 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

IPV6地址是128位。 IPV4由4組十進制數字表示，而相同的IPV6由8組十六進制數字表示。 IPV6地址的示例是2001：0db8：85a3：0000：0000：8a2e：0370：7334 。

As you are seeing the IPV6 address has been divided into 3 parts. Each part has different significance. Global prefix part network ID is used for routing. Its size is 48 bits. These are represented by the initial 3 groups.

如您所見，IPV6地址已分為3部分。 每個部分都有不同的意義。 全局前綴部分網絡ID用于路由。 它的大小是48位。 這些由最初的3組代表。

The subnet field comes after the global prefix field, it contains a number that is used to identify the subnetwork. Its size is 16 bits. The Interface ID uniquely identifies any host. This ID identifies the host as unique and globally also. Its size is 64 bits.

子網字段位于全局前綴字段之后，它包含一個用于標識子網的數字。 它的大小是16位。 接口ID唯一標識任何主機。 此ID將主機標識為唯一，并且在全局上也將其標識。 它的大小是64位。

You can also use shorthand expressions to write IPV6 addresses. For example, if you wish, you can also type the IPV6 address given above.

您也可以使用簡寫形式來編寫IPV6地址。 例如，如果您愿意，也可以鍵入上面給出的IPV6地址。

    2001:0db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:0370:7334.

The groups in which all the zeros were represented on are represented by the single zero. You can do this with all the groups in which all the zeroes are present. When two such groups in which all the zeros come together, then you can replace them with a double colon as given below.

表示所有零的組由單個零表示。 您可以對所有包含零的組進行此操作。 當兩個這樣的組中所有零都在一起時，可以用雙冒號代替它們，如下所示。

    2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334.

IPV6標頭 (IPV6 Header)

By looking at the IPV6 address, if you are thinking that the IPV6 header is very big and complicated, then it is not so. The designers of IPV6 have designed the IPV6 header in such a way that it should be the least field in which it performs as many tasks as possible. The IPV6 header contains 8 fields. Its size is 40 bytes.

通過查看IPV6地址，如果您認為IPV6標頭很大并且很復雜，那么事實并非如此。 IPV6的設計者已經設計IPV6標頭，使得它應該是執行盡可能多的任務的最小字段。 IPV6標頭包含8個字段。 它的大小是40個字節。

This is a very simple header that you can easily understand. Now let's try to know about different IPV6 header fields in detail.

這是一個非常簡單的標題，您可以輕松理解。 現在，讓我們嘗試詳細了解不同的IPV6標頭字段。

1. Version

   版

   This field has value 6. This field defines the version of internet protocol. The size of this field is 4 bits.

   該字段的值為6。此字段定義Internet協議的版本。 該字段的大小為4位。

2. Class

   類

   This field represents the traffic class. Its size is 8 bit. This field is similar to the Type of Service field of IPV4 header.

   該字段表示流量類別。 它的大小是8位。 該字段類似于IPV4標頭的“服務類型”字段。

3. Flow Label

   流標簽

   The size of this field is 24 bits. This field is used to mark packet and traffic flow. This field tells the sequence of packets that flow from source to destination.

   該字段的大小為24位。 此字段用于標記數據包和流量。 該字段告訴從源流向目的地的數據包順序。

4. Payload Length

   有效載荷長度

   This field stores the size of the data. The size of this field is not fixed.

   該字段存儲數據的大小。 該字段的大小不固定。

5. Next Header

   下一個標題

   This field tells you what the next header will be. This feature is not available in IPV4.

   該字段告訴您下一個標題是什么。 IPV4中不提供此功能。

6. Hop Limit

   跳數限制

   This field tells you how many hops (routers) IPv6 packets will cross before being destroyed.

   該字段告訴您IPv6數據包在銷毀之前將經過多少跳(路由器)。

7. Source Address

   源地址

   In this field, the source host's 128-bit IPV6 address is defined.

   在此字段中，定義了源主機的128位IPV6地址。

8. Destination Address

   目的地址

   In this field, the destination host of 128-bit IPV6 address is stored.

   在此字段中，存儲了128位IPV6地址的目標主機。

IPV6路由協議 (IPV6 Routing Protocols)

All the routing protocols you've read so far were not able to support all of IPV6. So some of them were abolished and some were upgraded to work with IPV6.

到目前為止，您閱讀的所有路由協議都無法支持所有IPV6。 因此，其中一些已被廢止，一些已升級以與IPV6一起使用。

By upgrading the protocol, the techniques used for IPV4 routing protocols will also be used with IPV6. This will not help you to understand IPV6 routing.

通過升級協議，用于IPV4路由協議的技術也將與IPV6一起使用。 這不會幫助您了解IPV6路由。

As you know, broadcasting in IPV6 has been completely abolished. Therefore, protocols that use broadcasting cannot work with IPV6.

如您所知，IPV6中的廣播已被完全取消。 因此，使用廣播的協議不能與IPV6一起使用。

Mainly works with IPV6 3 routing protocols. In CCNA exams, you will only be asked about IPV6 static routing and OSPFv3. Let's now learn about these protocols. Static routing will be explained in the configuration part.

主要與IPV6 3路由協議一起使用。 在CCNA考試中，只會詢問您IPV6靜態路由和OSPFv3。 現在讓我們了解這些協議。 靜態路由將在配置部分中說明。

1. RIPng

   雷朋

   The full name of RIPng is Routing Information Protocol Next Generation. This protocol is an upgraded version of the RIP used with IPV4, which has been upgraded to work with IPV6. This is an Interior Gateway Protocol that uses distance vector algorithm to determine the best route.

   RIPng的全名是“下一代路由信息協議”。 該協議是用于IPV4的RIP的升級版本，已升級為可與IPV6一起使用。 這是一個內部網關協議，它使用距離矢量算法來確定最佳路線。

2. EIGRPv6

   EIGRPv6

   The EIGRP for IPV6 includes the same features that are available in the EIGRP version of IPV4. Also, most operations are performed in the same way as IPV4 performs in the EIGRP. But there are some differences in these versions as if EIGRPv6 is configured on straight router interfaces and if the router ID is not, then you can not configure EIGRPv6 etc.

   用于IPV6的EIGRP包含與IPV4的EIGRP版本相同的功能。 同樣，大多數操作都與IPV4在EIGRP中執行的方式相同。 但是這些版本存在一些差異，就好像在直接路由器接口上配置了EIGRPv6一樣，如果沒有配置路由器ID，則無法配置EIGRPv6等。

3. OSPFv3

   OSPFv3

   OSPFv3 is a link state routing protocol. This is an upgraded version of OSPF used with IPV4. It has been upgraded to work with IPV6. All of its basic features are the same as found in OSPF.

   OSPFv3是鏈路狀態路由協議。 這是與IPV4一起使用的OSPF的升級版本。 已升級為可與IPV6一起使用。 它的所有基本功能都與OSPF中的相同。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/ipv6-addressing-header-and-routing-protocols.aspx

ipv6路由協議配置