Nginx+Keepalived+Tomcat之動靜分離的web集群

Nginx+Keepalived+Tomcat之動靜分離的web集群

博客分類：

webserver

??????

????? 為小公司提供大概一天持續在100萬/日之間訪問的高性能、高可用、高并發訪問及動靜分離的web集群方案

Nginx+Keepalived???????????高可用、反向代理
Nginx+PHP??????????????????高并發、動態解析
Tomcat?????????????????????JSP 動態解析
Apache?????????????????????穩定的HTML靜態訪問
一、整體介紹：
1.架構圖

本文涉及的幾個知識點：
?①:Nginx? ②:FastCGI ③:Keepalived ④:tomcat ⑤:LAMP ⑥:Squid ⑦:memcache//后兩個目前不涉及

2.為什么要用 nginx
???? Nginx ("engine x") 是一個高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服務器，也是一個 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服務器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 為俄羅斯訪問量第二的Rambler.ru 站點開發的，它已經在該站點運行超過四年多了。Igor 將源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式發布。自Nginx 發布四年來，Nginx 已經因為它的穩定性、豐富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系統資源的消耗而聞名了。目前國內各大門戶網站已經部署了Nginx，如新浪、網易、騰訊等；國內幾個重要的視頻分享網站也部署了Nginx，如六房間、酷6等。新近發現Nginx 技術在國內日趨火熱，越來越多的網站開始部署Nginx。

3.Nginx 發布?
當前開發版: Nginx 1.1.5 | Nginx/windows 1.1.5 (更新記錄) (2011年10月6日)?
當前穩定版: Nginx 1.0.8 | Nginx/windows 1.0.8 (更新記錄) (2011年10月1日)?
歷史穩定版: Nginx 0.8.54 | Nginx/windows 0.8.55 (更新記錄) (2011年7月19日)?
歷史穩定版: Nginx 0.7.69 | Nginx/windows 0.7.69 (更新記錄) (2011年7月19日)

4.筆者談Nginx
???? Nginx有低內存占用，高性能高并發訪問，使得很多新平臺的搭建、舊應用的遷移開始應用nginx，話說nginx不得不說張宴,就像談LVS不得不說章文嵩一樣；
?????張宴簡歷：
???? 張宴，就職于北京金山軟件公司，金山游戲官方網站──逍遙網系統架構師，技術支持部平臺組組長。曾在新浪網、趕集網等公司任系統工程師、系統架構師，工作內容主要涉及：服務器系統架構設計與部署、系統運維與調優、網絡故障解決、網站后端以及接口類PHP程序開發、Unix開源軟件二次開發、服務器監控系統開發、系統運維與平臺研發團隊管理。
?

5.學習Nginx用書
?????一本《實戰Nginx:取代Apache的高性能Web服務器》通俗易懂，不過有些讀者看到后，即說起此書無非就是配置文件的講解，我到反駁，道：nginx之所以這么強盛的應用，簡單的配置文件和靈活的模塊也是一大亮點，如果你能將部分模塊應用好，那么你的web服務，將會在訪問速度、服務器性能、硬件成本勝過了競爭對手；

二、Nginx軟件應用部署

1.安裝環境?
采用五臺Centos 5.4? kernel:2.6.18-164.el5xen Server、一臺XP sp3 Client
IP地址分配:
提供域名?????????www.abc.com?
解析地址????????VIP:172.17.80.10
front1?????????? 內網IP 192.168.1.11
front2?????????? 內網IP 192.168.1.12

WebServer集群：tomcat192.168.1.17、20? nginx 192.168.1.18? apache192.168.1.19?
前端：Nginx 只做高可用和代理??
后端：web集群有 nginx PHP 請求；tomcat 動態jsp .do文件；apache靜態html 等

????析：nginx 靜態訪問比較好，apache+php作動態，此處只為說明LNMP架構的構建！
軟件版本：
?nginx:??????nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz??????? ?? // 下載：www.nginx.org?
?tomcat:????? apache-tomcat-7.0.21.tar.gz
?JDK:????????jdk-1_5_0_16-linux-i586.bin
?PHP:????????php-5.3.8.tar.gz??????????? //提供FastCGI?
?apache:?????httpd-2.2.3-31.el5?????? ?? // yuminstall httpd php??

2.安裝部署系統環境:?
Centos 5.4 制作本地yum源
#mkdir /mnt/cdrom{1,2}
#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom1
#cp -r /mnt/cdrom1/* /mnt/cdrom2
#cd /mnt/cdrom2
#rpm -ivh createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm?
#createrepo? -g /mnt/cdrom/repodata/repomd.xml /mnt/cdrom/CentOS/
#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/server.repo
[CentOS]
name=CentOS
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/CentOS
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
#yum -y install gcc openssl-devel zlib-devel pcre-devel
#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconfautomake??????? ?//安裝編譯gcc環境

3.nginx的安裝
#tar zxvf ?nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz
#cd?nginx-1.1.6
#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -Mnginx???????????????????????//添加nginx 用戶，沒有登錄shell，沒有家目錄
#./configure \?
? --prefix=/usr/local/nginx\????????????????????????????//安裝路徑
? --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx\??????????????????????????//可執行文件路徑
? --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\?????????????? //默認為<prefix>/conf/nginx.conf 最好定義到/etc下
? --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid?\?????????????????//pid文件存放位置，后面將會用到
? --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log\???????????? //錯誤日志文件,默認為<prefix>/logs/error.log
? --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log\???????????? //訪問日志,默認為<prefix>/logs/access.log
? --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock\???????????
? --user=nginx \
? --group=nginx \?
? --with-http_stub_status_module\???????????????????????//以取得一些nginx的運行狀態
? --with-http_ssl_module\???????????????????????????????//支持https加密連接
? --with-http_gzip_static_module\???????????????????????//靜態緩存模塊
? --with-http_realip_module?\???????????????????????????//讓Nginx透明獲取客戶端IP
? --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \?? //指定http客戶端請求緩存文件存放目錄
? --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/\????????? //指定http反向代理緩存文件存放目錄
? --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/??????????//指定FastCGI緩存文件存放目錄

#make && makeinstall????????????????????????????????????//安裝nginx

4.編寫SystemV風格的啟動腳本
#vim /etc/init.d/nginxd
############################################

#!/bin/bash
#BY hanfeng
#datetime 20111031

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network

# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)

NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"

[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && ./etc/sysconfig/nginx

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx

make_dirs() {
?? # make required directories
?? user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:"| sed 's/[^*]*--user=$[^ ]*$.*/\1/g' -`
?? options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
?? for opt in $options; do
?????? if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ];then
?????????? value=`echo $opt |cut -d "=" -f 2`
?????????? if [ ! -d"$value" ]; then
??????????????# echo "creating" $value
??????????????mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
?????????? fi
?????? fi
?? done
}

start() {
??? [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
??? [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
??? make_dirs
??? echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
??? daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
??? retval=$?
??? echo
??? [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
??? return $retval
}

stop() {
??? echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
??? killproc $prog -QUIT
??? retval=$?
??? echo
??? [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
??? return $retval
}

restart() {
??? configtest || return $?
??? stop
??? sleep 1
??? start
}

reload() {
??? configtest || return $?
??? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
??? killproc $nginx -HUP
??? RETVAL=$?
??? echo
}

force_reload() {
??? restart
}

configtest() {
? $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}

rh_status() {
??? status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
??? rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}

case "$1" in
??? start)
??????? rh_status_q && exit 0
??????? $1
??????? ;;
??? stop)
??????? rh_status_q || exit 0
??????? $1
??????? ;;
??? restart|configtest)
??????? $1
??????? ;;
??? reload)
??????? rh_status_q || exit 7
??????? $1
??????? ;;
??? force-reload)
??????? force_reload
??????? ;;
??? status)
??????? rh_status
??????? ;;
??? condrestart|try-restart)
??????? rh_status_q || exit 0
??????????? ;;
??? *)
??????? echo $"Usage: $0{start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
??????? exit 2
esac
############################################
保存nginxd腳本,賦予執行權限，添加服務和開機啟動
#chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginxd
#chkconfig --add nginxd

// 如果不支持，則添加一下2行即可

// # chkconfig: - 8515???????????????#為必須字符
// # description: nginx is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve
#chkconfig --level 2345 nginxdon????????
????????????
#service nginxdstart??????????????//先啟動nginx 看看，沒問題的話就OK了
Starting nginx: [? OK? ]

5.在Client上訪問front1上的nginx?
http://172.17.80.11

6.將 front1上的nginx scp到front2上，并同樣部署并在安裝后將nginx.conf文件對拷
#scp nginx-1.1.6.tar.gz?root@192.168.1.11:/root
#scp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf?root@192.168.1.11:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

三、nginx的動靜分離和負載均衡
1.在front1 、front2 配置
A:動靜分離說明：
?? 有前置nginx 做反向代理，采用nginx的location做動靜分離，將靜態HTML網頁、圖片、JS、CSS等使用后端nginx或apache處理，以便得到更快的速度；將.jsp、.jspx、.do等交給后端tomcat來處理，

從而實現動靜分離的應用；
B:負載均衡的說明：
?? 此處采用nginx的proxy_pass將location做動靜分離后的jsp、do等jsp程序文件分發到后端upstreamd模塊中tomcat集群上，rewrite做正則分發，此時也將應用到nginx經典之處的IP哈希(ip_hash)模塊，這樣每個訪客固定訪問一個后端web服務器，可以解決session的問題;
2.分別在front1和front2上配置nginx動靜分離和負載均衡
#vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
############################################
user? nginx nginx;
worker_processes? 4;
events {
??? worker_connections? 1024;
}

http {
??? include?????? mime.types;
??? default_type? application/octet-stream;
??? sendfile??????? on;
??? keepalive_timeout? 65;
??? gzip? on;
upstream tomcat_server {
#??????? ip_hash;
??????? server 192.168.1.17 weight=2;
??????? server 192.168.1.20 max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
??? }
upstream apache_server {
??????? ip_hash;
??????? server 192.168.1.19;
??? }
upstream nginx_server {
??????? ip_hash;
?????? server 192.168.1.18;
??? }
???? server
???? {
???????listen?????? 80;
??????? server_name??www.abc.com?;
??????? location / {
??????????? index?index.html index.php index.htm index.jsp index.do default.do;
???????????root?? html;
??????? if (-d $request_filename)
###############################################
????????? {
????????????rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$?http://$host/$1$2/?permanent;
????????? }
?????? location ~ \.(jsp|jspx|do)?$ {
?????????? proxy_set_headerHost %host;
?????????? proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
?????????? proxy_pass?http://tomcat_server?;
???????? }
###############################################
?????? location ~ \.(php|php5)?$ {
?????????? proxy_set_headerHost %host;
?????????? proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
??????????proxy_pass???http://nginx_server?;
???????? }
#############################################
?????? location ~ \.(html|htm)?$ {
?????????? proxy_set_headerHost %host;
?????????? proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
?????????? proxy_pass?http://apache_server?;
???????? }
#############################################
?????? location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${
??????????expires????? 30d;
????????? }
??????? location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ {
???????????expires????? 1h;
????????? }
#############################################
???????? }
??????? error_page? 404?????????????/404.html;
??????? error_page?? 500 502 503504? /50x.html;
??????? location = /50x.html {
???????????root?? html;
??????? }
??? }

}
############################################
3.重啟nginx服務
#service nginxd restart
Shutting down interface eth0:? [? OK? ]
Shutting down interface eth1:? [? OK? ]
Shutting down loopback interface:? [? OK? ]
Bringing up loopback interface:? [? OK? ]
Bringing up interface eth0:? [? OK? ]
Bringing up interface eth1:? [? OK? ]

四、接下來配置高可用組建keepalived
1.為什么使用keepalived
軟件官網:http://www.keepalived.org
軟件獲得:#wget?http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz?
?????? keepalived是一個類似于layer3, 4 & 5交換機制的軟件，也就是我們平時說的第3層、第4層和第5層交換。Keepalived的作用是檢測web服務器的狀態，如果有一臺web服務器死機，或工作出現故障，

Keepalived將檢測到，并將有故障的web服務器從系統中剔除，當web服務器工作正常后Keepalived自動將web服務器加入到服務器群中，這些工作全部自動完成，不需要人工干涉，需要人工做的只是修復故障的web服務器。
keepalived和heartbeat的廣泛應用足以說明了兩者估計是因為本質不同而已！

2.分別在front1和front2部署keepalived需要卻分主從關系
#vim /etc/hosts??????????????????????????//修改front1 和front2 的hosts文件，保證文件信息相同
172.17.80.11 front1.ha.com front1
172.17.80.12 front2.ha.com front2
3.編譯安裝keepalived
#tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
#cd keepalived-1.2.2
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
#make && make install?
4.修改Keepalived配置文件
#mkdir /etc/keepalived
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/?
#chkconfig --level 2345 keepalived on
############################################
@front1上的keepalived.conf
#vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
?? notification_email {
??hanfeng@qq.com
?}
?? notification_email_from?hanfeng@qq.com
?? smtp_server 127.0.0.1
?? smtp_connect_timeout 30
?? router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
??? state MASTER
??? interface eth1
??? virtual_router_id 51
??? mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.11
??? priority 200
??? advert_int 1
??? authentication {
??????? auth_type PASS
??????? auth_pass 1111
??? }
??? virtual_ipaddress {
??????? 172.17.80.10
??? }
}
############################################
@front2上的keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
?? notification_email {
?????sysadmin@firewall.loc
?? }
?? notification_email_from?Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
?? smtp_server 127.0.0.1
?? smtp_connect_timeout 30
?? router_id LVS_DEVEL
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
??? state BACKUP
??? interface eth1
??? virtual_router_id 51
??? mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.12
??? priority 100
??? advert_int 1
??? authentication {
??????? auth_type PASS
??????? auth_pass 1111
??? }
??? virtual_ipaddress {
??????? 172.17.80.10
??? }
}
############################################
#service keepalived start????????????//啟動keepalived，如果沒有錯誤高可用到此配置完成

五、重量級web集群資源
1.安裝WebServer之Nginx+PHP
配置服務器IP為:192.168.1.18
在nginx的基礎上安裝FastCGIのPHP 使其支持動態PHP請求
說明:此處為? yum installmysql-devel mysql-server php-mysql perl-DBD-MySQL libxml2-devel libart_lgpllibart_lgpl-devel 簡單安裝mysql
安裝后的PHP為nginx提供php-fpm
①:libevent 事件觸發網絡庫
libevent-2.0.15-stable.tar.gz?
#tar zxvf libevent-2.0.15-stable.tar.gz?
#cd libevent-2.0.15-stable
#./configure && make && make install

②:libiconv字符編碼轉換
libconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
#tar zxvf? libconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
#cd libconv-1.13.1
#./configure && make && make install
③:FastCGIのPHP?
php-5.3.8.tar.gz
#tar zxvf php-5.3.8.tar.gz
#cd php-5.3.8
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-openssl--enable-fpm? --with-libevent-dir=/usr/local/lib --

enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir--with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local
@ 你將會看到:Thank you for using PHP
@error while loading shared libraries: libiconv.so.2: cannot open shared objectfile: No such file or directory
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2/usr/lib/libiconv.so.2??????? //做個連接防止make時缺少libiconv.so.2
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/libiconv.so.2 /usr/local/libiconv.so.2
#make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'?
@說明：make的時候加參數ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'是因為編譯時需要iconv庫, 但是configure的時候沒有寫到Makefile中, 還有一種方法是直接修改Makefile, 在鏈接庫的地方(應該在100行左右)加

上-liconv；或者sed -i 's#-lz -lm-lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#& -liconv#' Makefile；
@久等之后將會看到：Build complete. Don't forget to run 'maketest'. 不等test了，直接make install 安裝
#make install?
#cp php-5.3.8/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
④接下來配置PHP及其他文件
#cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
#vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
@開啟以下幾項
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
⑤在后臺啟動 php-fpm，并ps查看進程運行情況
#/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm &
#ps -ef |grep php-fpm
@將其添加到開機自動啟動
#echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm &" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

⑥.接下來在nginx中配置fastcgi_params 文件
#vi /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf
@將里面內容替換為
fastcgi_param? GATEWAY_INTERFACE? CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_SOFTWARE??? nginx;
fastcgi_param? QUERY_STRING??????$query_string;
fastcgi_param? REQUEST_METHOD???? $request_method;
fastcgi_param? CONTENT_TYPE??????$content_type;
fastcgi_param? CONTENT_LENGTH???? $content_length;
fastcgi_param? SCRIPT_FILENAME???$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param? SCRIPT_NAME???????$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param? REQUEST_URI???????$request_uri;
fastcgi_param? DOCUMENT_URI??????$document_uri;
fastcgi_param? DOCUMENT_ROOT????? $document_root;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_PROTOCOL??? $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param? REMOTE_ADDR???????$remote_addr;
fastcgi_param? REMOTE_PORT??????? $remote_port;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_ADDR???????$server_addr;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_PORT???????$server_port;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_NAME???????$server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param? REDIRECT_STATUS??? 200;
#vi /etc/ngnix/nginx.conf
#####
location ~ \.php$ {
???????????root?????????? /www;
???????????fastcgi_pass?? 127.0.0.1:9000;
???????????fastcgi_index? index.php;
???????????fastcgi_param? SCRIPT_FILENAME? /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
???????????include??????? fastcgi_params;
??????? }
#####
location / {
???????????root?? /html;
??????????? index?index.php index.html index.htm;
??????? }
##################################
#vi /usr/local/nginx/index.php
<?php
$link=mysql_connect("localhost","root","123456");
if(!$link) echo "FAILD!";
else echo "OK!";
phpinfo();
?>
#service nginxd restart
@優化linux內核參數：
#vi/etc/sysctl.conf?????????????????// 增加一下內容，并是修改生效
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw.reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

#sysctl-p??????????????????????????//使其及時生效
##################################

問題處理：phpinfo 頁面date的解析顯示亂碼！

?Warning: phpinfo() [function.phpinfo]:。。。。。。。。。

We selected 'Asia/Chongqing' for 'CST/8.0/no DST' insteadin /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php on line 8

解析：以下是三種方法(任選一種都行)：

a、在頁頭使用date_default_timezone_set()設置 date_default_timezone_set('PRC'); //東八時區echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s');

b、在頁頭使用ini_set('date.timezone','Asia/Shanghai');

c、修改php.ini。打開php.ini查找date.timezone 去掉前面的分號修改成為：date.timezone =PRC
重啟http服務（如apache2或iis等）即可。?

XXX可以任意正確的值。在我國內：Asia/Chongqing，Asia/Shanghai ，Asia/Urumqi （依次為重慶，上海，烏魯木齊）港臺地區可用：Asia/Macao ，Asia/Hong_Kong ，Asia/Taipei （依次為澳門，香港，臺北），新加坡：Asia/Singapore，PRC可以。

===================================?
2.安裝WebServer之tomcat+JDK使其支持動態jsp程序和.do文件
配置服務器IP地址為:192.168.1.17/20
①:JDK的安裝和部署
#chmod +x jdk-1_5_0_16-linux-i586.bin
#./jdk-1_5_0_16-linux-i586.bin
#mv jdk1.5.0_16 /usr/local/jdk1.5.0_16
#vi.bash_profile????????????????????//修改環境變量文件，增加一下內容
JAVA_HOME="/usr/local/jdk1.5.0_16"
CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin"
CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat-6.0.18"
export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
#source .bash_profile????????????????//使修改的環境變量生效
#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz
#mv apache-tomcat-6.0.18 /usr/local/tomcat-6.0.18
#cd /usr/local/tomcat-6.0.18/bin
#./startup.sh????????????????????????

#ps -ef |grep java??? ?//啟動tomcat，如果JDK版本支持且環境變量正確的話，此時你的tomcat已經成功了！

3.安裝WebServer之Apache 使其能夠很好提供HTML等靜態訪問請求！
說明:此處的Apache 作為WebServer 只要yum 安裝即可！你也可以編譯安裝并且組成LAMP架構！筆者不多說了。。。

六、測試。。。
測試環境準備
1.將測試域名www.abc.com?解析到前置機front1、front2的虛擬(virtual)IP上！?
在XP客戶端使用瀏覽器http://www.abc.com/index?.*測試首頁測試??????

2.測試要求
測試頁面分別針對前置機nginx的動靜分離和到tomcat上負載均衡
3.分別在對應的WebServer 上制作測試頁面，并用不同IE在客戶端測試
①:index.html
This is a html test page, the server address is 192.168.1.19
②:index.php
This is a php test page, the server address is 192.168.1.18
③:index.jsp 和index.do? 只做測試頁面，不做具體動態程序
This is a jsp test page, the server address is 192.168.1.17/20
This is a do test page, the server address is 192.168.1.17/20

4.測試故障
此時在客戶機上ping?www.abc.com??-t 并將front1 的eth1 給ifdown掉！觀察至丟失了一個數據包即恢復了域名到服務器的訪問！
5.在linux 使用ab命令，對前置front1、front2做簡單的壓力測試！

#ab -c 1000 -n 100000?http://www.abc.com/index?.*測試頁

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/nathon/1884541