開源軟件和自由軟件_自由和開源軟件的經濟學

開源軟件和自由軟件

零邊際成本 (Zero Marginal Cost)

At the core of the financial aspects of Free and Open Source is the zero negligible expense of merchandise in an environment that is digital. Right now, the rise of Free and Open Source speaks to an affirmation of old-style microeconomic value hypothesis - that a marginal cost in an ideal market approximates the minimal expense. From this point of view, Free and Open Source can be comprehended as a pioneer in arriving at what can be comprehended as a developmentally steady powerful Nash balance in a genuinely free market. Marginal cost is the term utilized in the study of financial aspects and business to allude to the increment in the actual development cost coming about because of delivering one extra unit of the product.

自由和開源的財務方面的核心是在數字化環境中商品的零費用可忽略不計。目前，免費和開放源代碼的興起證明了一種老式的微觀經濟價值假說-理想市場中的邊際成本近似于最小費用。從這個角度來看，自由和開放源碼可以理解為在真正的自由市場上可以實現發展穩定的強大納什平衡的先驅。邊際成本是用于財務方面和業務研究的術語，指的是由于交付多一單位產品而導致的實際開發成本的增加。

創收機會 (Opportunities for Income-Generation)

While contributing time and exertion in creating, improving and documenting Free and Open Source doesn't give any immediate salary, the improvement of skill in Free and Open Source gives an expansive scope of revenue generation opportunities - from producing in-house investment funds from upgrades to Free and Open Source to counseling openings in installing, preparing, customizing and the arrangement of TechSupport for Free and Open Source establishments. Yochai Benkler furnishes a fantastic investigation - with IBM's strategy as a key model - of ways that salary and riches are being created through open source and open substance techniques.

盡管在創建，改進和記錄免費和開源方面投入時間和精力并沒有立即產生薪水，但免費和開源技術方面的改進卻提供了廣泛的創收機會范圍-通過升級產生內部投資基金免費和開源，以指導安裝，準備，定制和安排TechSupport for Free and Open Source機構的職位空缺。 Yochai Benkler用IBM的戰略作為關鍵模型，對通過開源和開放實質技術來創造薪水和財富的方式進行了一次奇妙的調查。

傳統軟件在商業上使用的問題 (Issues with Traditional software's used commercially)

First, it ought to be noticed that the business software industry is one of the biggest and most significant ventures on the planet. The ascent of the Open Source development doesn't spell the finish of the business software industry. Numerous individuals contend that business software can be strengthened by the utilization of open-source strategies. Business software is intended to give an item worth paying to and its majority is. Regardless of its sticker price, business software is frequently in demand.

首先，應該注意到，商業軟件行業是地球上最大，最重要的企業之一。開源開發的興起并不意味著商業軟件行業的終結。許多人爭辯說，可以通過利用開源策略來增強商務軟件。商業軟件旨在提供一個值得支付的項目，而它的大多數是。無論標價如何，都經常需要商務軟件。

Business products will be refreshed much of the time to mirror the fluctuating requests of the market and client needs. These necessities can prompt software rehearses that rework and change the product too as often as possible, or disperse beta forms as business attempts bringing about high paces of bugs in early forms.
Some business programs are over structured and written in messy code prompting enlarged, slow, running projects. Open Source by differentiating is driven by the necessities of the end clients. Along these lines, their code is regularly of a predominant bore than that of software engineers in the business condition. There is likewise generally an extremely broad level of input as the software engineers test their products with a wide system of individuals.

商業產品將在大部分時間更新，以反映市場不斷變化的需求和客戶需求。這些必要性可以促使軟件演練盡可能多地進行返工和更改產品，或者隨著業務嘗試帶來早期形式的大量錯誤而分散beta形式。
一些業務程序的結構過于復雜，并以凌亂的代碼編寫，從而提示了擴大，運行緩慢的項目。最終客戶的需求推動了差異化的開源。遵循這些原則，在業務條件下，他們的代碼通常比軟件工程師的代碼更為重要。通常，隨著軟件工程師使用廣泛的個人系統測試其產品，通常會有非常廣泛的輸入。

At the point when source code is accessible, it tends to be checked against different "secondary passages" and other security openings that might be deliberately or accidentally left in the closed source programming. In the past, such gaps have been found in different exclusive items, including software, utilized by the legislature. Having source code additionally implies that the product can be effectively ported to run under various processors, gadget or OS.

在可以訪問源代碼的時候，往往會針對不同的“輔助通道”和其他可能在封閉源代碼編程中有意或無意留下的安全性漏洞進行檢查。過去，在立法機關使用的不同專有項目(包括軟件)中發現了這種差距。具有源代碼還意味著該產品可以有效地移植以在各種處理器，小工具或OS下運行。

Another issue with customary business software is its closed nature. There is generally no or restricted opportunity to alter the copyrighted item.

常規商務軟件的另一個問題是其封閉性。通常，沒有機會或受限制的機會來更改受版權保護的項目。

Additionally, organizations frequently power clients to follow update ways that they may not wish to follow. Open-source Software empowers the person to tweak the product to his end needs in all opportunities.

此外，組織經常激勵客戶遵循他們不希望遵循的更新方式。開源軟件使人們可以在所有機會中根據自己的最終需求調整產品。

Another vigorously censured part of business software is that clients are regularly secured to an item because to continue utilizing information documents you are frequently compelled to keep on utilizing a similar program. If you wish to impart documents to clients that have overhauled, you frequently need to update yourself or be discounted as unessential. Since open-source programming permits contending projects to share various information record types, there is no motivation to be caught into any one program. If a more current adaptation has another record group, at that point there regularly are converters that permit clients of more established variants to keep up their information documents forward-thinking.

商業軟件的另一個受到嚴格譴責的部分是，由于要繼續利用信息文檔，您經常被迫繼續使用類似程序，因此客戶會定期固定在某項產品上。如果您希望將文件提供給已大修的客戶，則經常需要更新自己或打折，因為這是不必要的。由于開放源代碼編程允許競爭項目共享各種信息記錄類型，因此沒有動機被任何一個程序所吸引。如果最新的改編版本具有另一個記錄組，則在那時通常會使用轉換器，以允許更多已建立版本的客戶保持其信息文檔的前瞻性。

免費而不是免費 (Free not as in free of Cost)

While Free and Open Source is allowed to the end client, there is an expense related to building up the product. These expenses might be littler than creating exclusive programming since building up the task under Free and Open Source permit implies that:

盡管最終客戶可以使用免費和開放源碼，但是與構建產品有關的費用很高。這些費用可能比創建專用程序要少，因為在“自由和開源”許可下建立任務意味著：

Various online interfaces like Source Forge would offer web facilitating, content store, mailing records and other basic highlights for nothing.
The expense of promoting a Free and Open Source venture (like introducing it in the related gatherings) is typically lower.

Source Forge之類的各種在線界面將提供便利的Web服務，內容存儲，郵件記錄和其他基本要點。
促進自由和開源事業的費用(例如在相關聚會中進行介紹)通常較低。

Creating something under GPL may give free access to top-notch parts (like QT) that are in any case costly to purchase or not accessible by any stretch of the imagination.
All things considered; improvement of any product initially requires the designer time. Without a doubt, extremely famous activities may hope to get an excellent code commitment for nothing.

在GPL下創建內容可以免費訪問一流的零件(例如QT)，這些零件無論如何購買都昂貴，或者無法通過任何想象力訪問。
所有的情況都被考慮到了; 任何產品的改進最初都需要設計者花費時間。毫無疑問，極其著名的活動可能希望對代碼一無所獲。