本文實例講述了PHP面向對象程序設計高級特性。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
靜態屬性
class StaticExample {
static public $aNum = 0; // 靜態共有屬性
static public function sayHello() { // 靜態共有方法
print "hello";
}
}
print StaticExample::$aNum;
StaticExample::sayHello();
?>
輸出:0??? hello
點評:靜態屬性和方法,可以通過類直接調用。
SELF
class StaticExample {
static public $aNum = 0;
static public function sayHello() { // 這里的static 和 public的順序可以顛倒
self::$aNum++;
print "hello (".self::$aNum.")\n"; // self 指向當前類, $this指向當前對象。
}
}
StaticExample::sayHello();
StaticExample::sayHello();
StaticExample::sayHello();
?>
輸出:
hello (1)
hello (2)
hello (3)
點評:self 指向當前類, this指向當前對象。self可以調用當前類的靜態屬性和方法。this指向當前對象。self可以調用當前類的靜態屬性和方法。this可以調用當前類的正常屬性和方法。
常量屬性
class ShopProduct {
const AVAILABLE = 0; // 只能用大寫字母命名常量
const OUT_OF_STOCK = 1;
public $status;
}
print ShopProduct::AVAILABLE;
?>
輸出:0
點評:常量只能用大寫字母,并且可以通過類直接調用。
接口
interface Chargeable { // 接口,抽象類是介于基類與接口之間的東西
public function getPrice();
}
class ShopProduct implements Chargeable {
// ...
protected $price;
// ...
public function getPrice() {
return $this->price;
}
// ...
}
$product = new ShopProduct();
?>
如果沒有實現getPrice方法,將會報錯。
Fatal error: Class ShopProduct contains 1 abstract method and must therefore be declared abstract or implement the remaining methods (Chargeable::getPrice)
繼承類與接口
class TimedService{ }
interface Bookable{ }
interface Chargeable{ }
class Consultancy extends TimedService implements Bookable, Chargeable { // 繼承類與接口
// ...
}
?>
抽象類
先來看一段代碼
abstract class DomainObject {
}
class User extends DomainObject {
public static function create() {
return new User();
}
}
class Document extends DomainObject {
public static function create() {
return new Document();
}
}
$document = Document::create();
print_r( $document );
?>
輸出:
Document Object
(
)
靜態方法
abstract class DomainObject {
private $group; // 私有屬性group
public function __construct() {
$this->group = static::getGroup();//static 靜態類
}
public static function create() {
return new static();
}
static function getGroup() { // 靜態方法
return "default";
}
}
class User extends DomainObject {
}
class Document extends DomainObject {
static function getGroup() { // 改變了內容
return "document";
}
}
class SpreadSheet extends Document { // 繼承之后,group也就與document相同了
}
print_r(User::create());
print_r(SpreadSheet::create());
?>
輸出:
User Object
(
[group:DomainObject:private] => default
)
SpreadSheet Object
(
[group:DomainObject:private] => document
)
final字段
使類無法被繼承,用的不多
final class Checkout { // 終止類的繼承
// ...
}
class IllegalCheckout extends Checkout {
// ...
}
$checkout = new Checkout();
?>
輸出:
Fatal error: Class IllegalCheckout may not inherit from final class (Checkout)
final方法不能夠被重寫
class Checkout {
final function totalize() {
// calculate bill
}
}
class IllegalCheckout extends Checkout {
function totalize() { // 不能重寫final方法
// change bill calculation
}
}
$checkout = new Checkout();
?>
輸出:
Fatal error: Cannot override final method Checkout::totalize()
析構函數
class Person {
protected $name;
private $age;
private $id;
function __construct( $name, $age ) {
$this->name = $name;
$this->age = $age;
}
function setId( $id ) {
$this->id = $id;
}
function __destruct() { // 析構函數
if ( ! empty( $this->id ) ) {
// save Person data
print "saving person\n";
}
if ( empty( $this->id ) ) {
// save Person data
print "do nothing\n";
}
}
}
$person = new Person( "bob", 44 );
$person->setId( 343 );
$person->setId( '' ); // 最后執行析構函數,使用完之后執行
?>
輸出:
do nothing
__clone方法
克隆的時候執行
class Person {
private $name;
private $age;
private $id;
function __construct( $name, $age ) {
$this->name = $name;
$this->age = $age;
}
function setId( $id ) {
$this->id = $id;
}
function __clone() { // 克隆時候執行
$this->id = 0;
}
}
$person = new Person( "bob", 44 );
$person->setId( 343 );
$person2 = clone $person;
print_r( $person );
print_r( $person2 );
?>
輸出:
Person Object
(
[name:Person:private] => bob
[age:Person:private] => 44
[id:Person:private] => 343
)
Person Object
(
[name:Person:private] => bob
[age:Person:private] => 44
[id:Person:private] => 0
)
再看一個例子
class Account { // 賬戶類
public $balance; // 余額
function __construct( $balance ) {
$this->balance = $balance;
}
}
class Person {
private $name;
private $age;
private $id;
public $account;
function __construct( $name, $age, Account $account ) {
$this->name = $name;
$this->age = $age;
$this->account = $account;
}
function setId( $id ) {
$this->id = $id;
}
function __clone() {
$this->id = 0;
}
}
$person = new Person( "bob", 44, new Account( 200 ) ); // 以類對象作為參數
$person->setId( 343 );
$person2 = clone $person;
// give $person some money
$person->account->balance += 10;
// $person2 sees the credit too
print $person2->account->balance; // person的屬性account也是一個類,他的屬性balance的值是210
// output:
// 210
?>
點評:學習還是能夠開拓大腦的,今天終于明白為什么有多個箭頭的概念了$person->account->balance。這里的account屬性是一個對象。
__toString
class Person {
function getName() { return "Bob"; }
function getAge() { return 44; }
function __toString() {
$desc = $this->getName()." (age ";
$desc .= $this->getAge().")";
return $desc;
}
}
$person = new Person();
print $person; // 打印時候集中處理
// Bob (age 44)
?>
點評:必須是print或echo時才有效,print_r就輸出對象。
Person Object()
希望本文所述對大家PHP程序設計有所幫助。