scp是secure?copy的簡寫,用于在Linux下進行遠程拷貝文件的命令,和它類似的命令有cp,不過cp只是在本機進行拷貝不能跨服務器,而且scp傳輸是加密的。可能會稍微影響一下速度。當你服務器硬盤變為只讀?read?only?system時,用scp可以幫你把文件移出來。另外,scp還非常不占資源,不會提高多少系統負荷,在這一點上,rsync就遠遠不及它了。雖然?rsync比scp會快一點,但當小文件眾多的情況下,rsync會導致硬盤I/O非常高,而scp基本不影響系統正常使用。
1.命令格式:
scp?[參數]?[原路徑]?[目標路徑]
2.命令功能:
scp是?secure?copy的縮寫,?scp是linux系統下基于ssh登陸進行安全的遠程文件拷貝命令。linux的scp命令可以在linux服務器之間復制文件和目錄。
3.命令參數:
-1??強制scp命令使用協議ssh1
-2??強制scp命令使用協議ssh2
-4??強制scp命令只使用IPv4尋址
-6??強制scp命令只使用IPv6尋址
-B??使用批處理模式(傳輸過程中不詢問傳輸口令或短語)
-C??允許壓縮。(將-C標志傳遞給ssh,從而打開壓縮功能)
-p?保留原文件的修改時間,訪問時間和訪問權限。
-q??不顯示傳輸進度條。
-r??遞歸復制整個目錄。
-v?詳細方式顯示輸出。scp和ssh(1)會顯示出整個過程的調試信息。這些信息用于調試連接,驗證和配置問題。
-c?cipher??以cipher將數據傳輸進行加密,這個選項將直接傳遞給ssh。
-F?ssh_config??指定一個替代的ssh配置文件,此參數直接傳遞給ssh。
-i?identity_file??從指定文件中讀取傳輸時使用的密鑰文件,此參數直接傳遞給ssh。
-l?limit??限定用戶所能使用的帶寬,以Kbit/s為單位。
-o?ssh_option??如果習慣于使用ssh_config(5)中的參數傳遞方式,
-P?port??注意是大寫的P,?port是指定數據傳輸用到的端口號
-S?program??指定加密傳輸時所使用的程序。此程序必須能夠理解ssh(1)的選項。
4.使用實例:
scp命令的實際應用概述:
從本地服務器復制到遠程服務器:
(1)?復制文件:
命令格式:
scp?local_file?remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder
或者
scp?local_file?remote_username@remote_ip:remote_file
或者
scp?local_file?remote_ip:remote_folder
或者
scp?local_file?remote_ip:remote_file
第1,2個指定了用戶名,命令執行后需要輸入用戶密碼,第1個僅指定了遠程的目錄,文件名字不變,第2個指定了文件名
第3,4個沒有指定用戶名,命令執行后需要輸入用戶名和密碼,第3個僅指定了遠程的目錄,文件名字不變,第4個指定了文件名
(2)?復制目錄:
命令格式:
scp?-r?local_folder?remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder
或者
scp?-r?local_folder?remote_ip:remote_folder
第1個指定了用戶名,命令執行后需要輸入用戶密碼;
第2個沒有指定用戶名,命令執行后需要輸入用戶名和密碼;
從遠程服務器復制到本地服務器:
從遠程復制到本地的scp命令與上面的命令雷同,只要將從本地復制到遠程的命令后面2個參數互換順序就行了。
實例1:從遠處復制文件到本地目錄
命令:
scp?root@192.168.120.204:/opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz?/opt/soft/
輸出:
[root@localhost?~]#cd?/opt/soft/[root@localhost?soft]#ll總計?80072
drwxr-xr-x?12?root?root?????4096?09-21?18:40?fms3.5
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?09-21?17:58?fms4.5
drwxr-xr-x?10?root?root?????4096?10-30?17:15?jdk1.6.0_16
drwxr-xr-x?10?root?root?????4096?09-17?19:27?jdk1.6.0_16.bak
-rwxr-xr-x??1?root?root?81871260?2009-12-21?jdk-6u16-linux-x64.bin
drwxrwxrwx??2?root?root?????4096?09-21?01:16?mysql
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?09-21?18:40?setup_file
drwxr-xr-x??9?root?root?????4096?09-17?19:23?tomcat6.0.32
drwxr-xr-x??9?root?root?????4096?2012-08-14?tomcat_7.0
[root@localhost?soft]#scp?root@192.168.120.204:/opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz?/opt/soft/root@192.168.120.204's?password:
nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%??479KB?478.7KB/s???00:00
[root@localhost?soft]#ll總計?80556
drwxr-xr-x?12?root?root?????4096?09-21?18:40?fms3.5
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?09-21?17:58?fms4.5
drwxr-xr-x?10?root?root?????4096?10-30?17:15?jdk1.6.0_16
drwxr-xr-x?10?root?root?????4096?09-17?19:27?jdk1.6.0_16.bak
-rwxr-xr-x??1?root?root?81871260?2009-12-21?jdk-6u16-linux-x64.bin
drwxrwxrwx??2?root?root?????4096?09-21?01:16?mysql
-rw-r--r--??1?root?root???490220?03-15?09:11?nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?09-21?18:40?setup_file
drwxr-xr-x??9?root?root?????4096?09-17?19:23?tomcat6.0.32
drwxr-xr-x??9?root?root?????4096?2012-08-14?tomcat_7.0
[root@localhost?soft]#
說明:
從192.168.120.204機器上的/opt/soft/的目錄中下載nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz文件到本地/opt/soft/目錄中
實例2:從遠處復制到本地
命令:
scp?-r?root@192.168.120.204:/opt/soft/mongodb?/opt/soft/
輸出:
[root@localhost?soft]#ll總計?80556
drwxr-xr-x?12?root?root?????4096?09-21?18:40?fms3.5
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?09-21?17:58?fms4.5
drwxr-xr-x?10?root?root?????4096?10-30?17:15?jdk1.6.0_16
drwxr-xr-x?10?root?root?????4096?09-17?19:27?jdk1.6.0_16.bak
-rwxr-xr-x??1?root?root?81871260?2009-12-21?jdk-6u16-linux-x64.bin
drwxrwxrwx??2?root?root?????4096?09-21?01:16?mysql
-rw-r--r--??1?root?root???490220?03-15?09:11?nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?09-21?18:40?setup_file
drwxr-xr-x??9?root?root?????4096?09-17?19:23?tomcat6.0.32
drwxr-xr-x??9?root?root?????4096?2012-08-14?tomcat_7.0
[root@localhost?soft]#scp?-r?root@192.168.120.204:/opt/soft/mongodb?/opt/soft/root@192.168.120.204's?password:
mongodb-linux-i686-static-1.8.5.tgz???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%???28MB??28.3MB/s???00:01
README????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%??731?????0.7KB/s???00:00
THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7866?????7.7KB/s???00:00
mongorestore??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7753KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
mongod????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7760KB???7.6MB/s???00:01
mongoexport???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7744KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
bsondump??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7737KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
mongofiles????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7748KB???7.6MB/s???00:01
mongostat?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7808KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
mongos????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?5262KB???5.1MB/s???00:01
mongo?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?3707KB???3.6MB/s???00:00
mongoimport???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7754KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
mongodump?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7773KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
GNU-AGPL-3.0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%???34KB??33.7KB/s???00:00
[root@localhost?soft]#ll總計?80560
drwxr-xr-x?12?root?root?????4096?09-21?18:40?fms3.5
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?09-21?17:58?fms4.5
drwxr-xr-x?10?root?root?????4096?10-30?17:15?jdk1.6.0_16
drwxr-xr-x?10?root?root?????4096?09-17?19:27?jdk1.6.0_16.bak
-rwxr-xr-x??1?root?root?81871260?2009-12-21?jdk-6u16-linux-x64.bin
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?03-15?09:18?mongodb
drwxrwxrwx??2?root?root?????4096?09-21?01:16?mysql
-rw-r--r--??1?root?root???490220?03-15?09:11?nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x??3?root?root?????4096?09-21?18:40?setup_file
drwxr-xr-x??9?root?root?????4096?09-17?19:23?tomcat6.0.32
drwxr-xr-x??9?root?root?????4096?2012-08-14?tomcat_7.0
[root@localhost?soft]#
說明:
從192.168.120.204機器上的/opt/soft/中下載mongodb目錄到本地的/opt/soft/目錄來。
實例3:上傳本地文件到遠程機器指定目錄
命令:
scp?/opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz?root@192.168.120.204:/opt/soft/scptest
輸出:
上傳前目標機器的目標目錄:
[root@localhost?soft]#cd?scptest/[root@localhost?scptest]#ll總計?0
[root@localhost?scptest]#ll
本地機器上傳:
[root@localhost?soft]#scp?/opt/soft/nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz?root@192.168.120.204:/opt/soft/scptestroot@192.168.120.204's?password:
nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%??479KB?478.7KB/s???00:00
[root@localhost?soft]#
上傳后目標機器的目標目錄:
[root@localhost?scptest]#ll總計?484
-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?490220?03-15?09:25?nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz
[root@localhost?scptest]#
說明:
復制本地opt/soft/目錄下的文件nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz到遠程機器192.168.120.204的opt/soft/scptest目錄
實例4:上傳本地目錄到遠程機器指定目錄
命令:
scp?-r?/opt/soft/mongodb?root@192.168.120.204:/opt/soft/scptest
輸出:
上傳前目標機器的目標目錄:
[root@localhost?~]#cd?/opt/soft/scptest/[root@localhost?scptest]#ll總計?484
-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?490220?03-15?09:25?nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz
[root@localhost?scptest]#本地機器上傳:
[root@localhost?~]#scp?-r?/opt/soft/mongodb?root@192.168.120.204:/opt/soft/scptestroot@192.168.120.204's?password:
mongodb-linux-i686-static-1.8.5.tgz???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%???28MB??28.3MB/s???00:01
README????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%??731?????0.7KB/s???00:00
THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7866?????7.7KB/s???00:00
mongorestore??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7753KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
mongod????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7760KB???7.6MB/s???00:01
mongoexport???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7744KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
bsondump??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7737KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
mongofiles????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7748KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
mongostat?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7808KB???7.6MB/s???00:01
mongos????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?5262KB???5.1MB/s???00:00
mongo?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?3707KB???3.6MB/s???00:00
mongoimport???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7754KB???7.6MB/s???00:01
mongodump?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%?7773KB???7.6MB/s???00:00
GNU-AGPL-3.0??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????100%???34KB??33.7KB/s???00:00
[root@localhost?~]#
上傳后目標機器的目標目錄:
[root@localhost?scptest]#ll總計?488
drwxr-xr-x?3?root?root???4096?03-15?09:33?mongodb
-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?490220?03-15?09:25?nginx-0.5.38.tar.gz
[root@localhost?scptest]#
說明:
上傳本地目錄/opt/soft/mongodb到遠程機器192.168.120.204上/opt/soft/scptest的目錄中去