python3.0，標準庫里的異步網絡模塊：select(非常底層) ，第三方異步網絡庫：Tornado，gevent
python3.4，asyncio：支持 TCP ，子進程
現在的asyncio，有了很多的模塊已經在支持：aiohttp,aiodns,aioredis等等 https://github.com/aio-libs 這里列出了已經支持的內容，并在持續更新。
asyncio的使用上，感覺和gevent有異曲同工之妙
1、基礎概念：
- event_loop 事件循環：理解為一個循環的池，里面存放一些async關鍵詞定義的協程函數，只有放到循環池里才能執行
- coroutine 協程：協程對象，指一個使用async關鍵字定義的函數，它的調用不會立即執行函數，而是會返回一個協程對象。協程對象需要注冊到事件循環，由事件循環調用。
- task 任務：一個協程對象就是一個原生可以掛起的函數，任務則是對協程進一步封裝，其中包含任務的各種狀態。
- future：代表將來執行或沒有執行的任務的結果。它和task上沒有本質的區別
- async/await 關鍵字：python3.5 用于定義協程的關鍵字，async定義一個協程，await用于掛起阻塞的異步調用接口。
來看一個簡單是示例
import time
import asyncionow = lambda : time.time()
async def do_some_work(x): ? ?# 使用async關鍵字定義協程，當然協程不能直接運行，需要將協程加入到事件循環loop中print('Waiting: ', x)
start = now()
coroutine = do_some_work(2) ? ? # 這里是一個協程對象，這個時候do_some_work函數并沒有執行
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() ? ? # 第一步：創建一個事件循環（池）
loop.run_until_complete(coroutine) ? ?# 第二步：將協程加入到事件循環loop，并啟動事件循環2
Waiting: ?2
TIME: ?0.0004658699035644531創建task
協程對象不能直接運行，需要包裝成任務才能運行，上面是通過run_until_complete()方法包裝成task（隱式包裝），還有下面兩種方式進行顯式包裝：
import asyncio
import timenow = lambda : time.time()
async def do_some_work(x):print('Waiting: ', x)
start = now()
coroutine = do_some_work(2)loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
# task = asyncio.ensure_future(coroutine) # 方式一
task = loop.create_task(coroutine) # 方式二
print(task)loop.run_until_complete(task)
print(task)
print('TIME: ', now() - start)# 以下為輸出
2
3
4
<Task pending coro=<do_some_work() running at /Users/ghost/Rsj217/python3.6/async/async-main.py:17>>
Waiting: 2
<Task finished coro=<do_some_work() done, defined at /Users/ghost/Rsj217/python3.6/async/async-main.py:17> result=None>
TIME: 0.0003490447998046875創建task后，task在加入事件循環之前是pending狀態，加入loop后運行中是running狀態，loop調用完是Done，運行完是finished狀態，雖說本質上協程函數和task指的東西都一樣，但是task有了協程函數的狀態。
其中loop.run_until_complete()接受一個future參數，futurn具體指代一個協程函數，而task是future的子類，所以我們不聲明一個task直接傳入協程函數也能執行。
關于上面通過loop.create_task(coroutine)創建task,同樣的可以通過 asyncio.ensure_future(coroutine)創建task
關于這兩個命令的官網解釋： https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#asyncio.ensure_future
綁定回調函數
通過task的task.add_done_callback(callback)方法綁定回調函數，回調函數接收一個future對象參數如task，在內部通過future.result()獲得協程函數的返回值。
import asyncioasync def test(x):return x+3
def callback(y):print(y.result())
coroutine = test(5)
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
task = loop.create_task(coroutine)
task.add_done_callback(callback)
loop.run_until_complete(task)通過add_done_callback方法給task任務添加回調函數，當task（也可以說是coroutine）執行完成的時候,就會調用回調函數。并通過參數future獲取協程執行的結果。這里我們創建 的task和回調里的future對象實際上是同一個對象
await（掛起耗時操作）
多任務聲明了協程函數，也同時在loop中注冊了，他的執行也是順序執行的，因為在異步函數中沒有聲明那些操作是耗時操作，所以會順序執行。await的作用就是告訴控制器這個步驟是耗時的，async可以定義協程對象，使用await可以針對耗時的操作進行掛起
import asyncio
import timeasync def test(1):time.sleep(1)print(time.time())
tasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(test()) for _ in range(3)]
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))1547187398.7611663
1547187399.7611988
1547187400.7632194Out[8]:?
({<Task finished coro=<test() done, defined at <ipython-input-5-1534f9ca2d8e>:4> result=None>,<Task finished coro=<test() done, defined at <ipython-input-5-1534f9ca2d8e>:4> result=None>,<Task finished coro=<test() done, defined at <ipython-input-5-1534f9ca2d8e>:4> result=None>},set())上面執行并不是異步執行，而是順序執行，但是改成下面形式那就是異步執行：
import asyncio
import time
async def test(t):await asyncio.sleep(1) # asyncio 的sleepprint(time.time())
tasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(test()) for _ in range(3)]
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))1547187398.7611663
1547187399.7611988
1547187400.7632194
Out[11]:?
({<Task finished coro=<test() done, defined at <ipython-input-9-3a874803716b>:4> result=None>,<Task finished coro=<test() done, defined at <ipython-input-9-3a874803716b>:4> result=None>,<Task finished coro=<test() done, defined at <ipython-input-9-3a874803716b>:4> result=None>},set())可見三個任務的間隔時間幾乎忽略不計，這里要注意可以使用await成功掛起的對應應該是下面三種：
- 原生異步函數（coroutine ）
- 由 types.coroutine() 修飾的生成器，這個生成器可以返回 coroutine 對象。
- 包含 __await 方法的對象返回的一個迭代器
所以即使使用saync修飾requests的方法也不支持異步，而是需要專門的異步網絡請求庫aiohttp，aiodns,aioredis。
aiohttp
aiohttp需要單獨安裝，然后和asyncio庫一起使用，看一下案例
async def get(url):async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:async with session.get(url) as response:print(response)print(time.time())import time
async def request():url = "http://www.baidu.com"resulit = await get(url)tasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(request()) for _ in range(10)]
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0x94343a8f0000d2ac', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+fcb1f5fc4ea50a8475457d9dba4ffb75', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:19:54 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD4059F7858332E63E4CA:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD4059F7858332E63E4CA; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=26525_1426_21079_28132_28266; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.4161415
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0xb19b30e80000e08d', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+6035b8e98737e4cc11dcc73ec79566cc', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:19:48 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD405C594443631339D6D:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD405C594443631339D6D; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=26522_1423_21104_28132_28267_22158; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.417142
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0xfdf776e30000dfb4', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+0810232ebbebf660004801978cbc7056', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:15 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD40584DF85554050AB79:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD40584DF85554050AB79; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=1465_21118_28131_28267_20718; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.4221385
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0x879158430000a46a', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+acdef638e6acee7494d7fce1008c87ca', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:03 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD40593C8E085477DD125:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD40593C8E085477DD125; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=1448_21109_28131_28267; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.424138
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0xe5c481900000cd70', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+fb1596a42119b92bcb6a321cfd1bde58', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:19:51 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD405BD554041F5821AB7:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD405BD554041F5821AB7; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=1448_21105_18560_28132_28266_20719; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.4261389
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0x85ab35690000c4fd', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+15e5fc3bd83c4ffcdf9698e3264f7621', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:00 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD405C594443631339D6D:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD405C594443631339D6D; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=26522_1423_21104_28132_28267_22158; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.428144
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0x9620ed6b0000f26c', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+a2bfd2645e7c3d7514192a060f9644f5', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:12 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD4055EFEDF62083FAFD3:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD4055EFEDF62083FAFD3; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=1427_21127_28132_28267; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.4291408
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0x912a1be40000e841', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+599a770e18be144be77bd13c371daf0a', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:35 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD405106191D066098188:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD405106191D066098188; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=1424_21111_28132_28266; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.4311435
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0x943943940000b92b', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+17014bf10c56f72b235b529f8f9c177b', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:31 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD40504EF38ED596AEC59:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD40504EF38ED596AEC59; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=1446_21118_28131_26350_28267_22158; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.4331403
<ClientResponse(http://www.baidu.com) [200 OK]>
<CIMultiDictProxy('Bdpagetype': '1', 'Bdqid': '0xfd3e1b1f0000d880', 'Cache-Control': 'private', 'Connection': 'Keep-Alive', 'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 'Content-Type': 'text/html', 'Cxy_all': 'baidu+39d965c50587bb578c5714a0d732b2e4', 'Date': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:37 GMT', 'Expires': 'Fri, 11 Jan 2019 07:20:25 GMT', 'P3p': 'CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "', 'Server': 'BWS/1.1', 'Set-Cookie': 'BAIDUID=76DA9E559DEFD4059A93CF4E300A8EEB:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BIDUPSID=76DA9E559DEFD4059A93CF4E300A8EEB; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'PSTM=1547191237; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'delPer=0; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Set-Cookie': 'BDSVRTM=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'BD_HOME=0; path=/', 'Set-Cookie': 'H_PS_PSSID=1445_21113_28131_28267_22158; path=/; domain=.baidu.com', 'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 'X-Ua-Compatible': 'IE=Edge,chrome=1', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked')>
1547191237.4341416幾個任務的時間之差基本忽略不計，那親測發送一千個請求也就11秒完成，確實很給力。
多進程配合使用
asyncio、aiohttp需要配合aiomultiprocess庫使用，版本要求至少3.6，貼上該庫的github上的使用示例，目前還在驗證：
Usage
Most of aiomultiprocess mimics the standard multiprocessing module whenever possible, while accounting for places that benefit from async functionality.
import asyncio
from aiohttp import request
from aiomultiprocess import Processasync def put(url, params):async with request("PUT", url, params=params) as response:passasync def main():p = Process(target=put, args=("https://jreese.sh", ))await pasyncio.run(main())# If you want to get results back from that coroutine, Worker makes that available:
import asyncio
from aiohttp import request
from aiomultiprocess import Workerasync def get(url):async with request("GET", url) as response:return await response.text("utf-8")async def main():p = Worker(target=get, args=("https://jreese.sh", ))response = await pasyncio.run(main())#If you want a managed pool of worker processes, then use Pool:
import asyncio
from aiohttp import request
from aiomultiprocess import Poolasync def get(url):async with request("GET", url) as response:return await response.text("utf-8")async def main():urls = ["https://jreese.sh", ...]async with Pool() as pool:result = await pool.map(get, urls)asyncio.run(main())多協程并發
使用loop.run_until_complete(syncio.wait(tasks)) 也可以使用 loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(*tasks)） ,前者傳入task列表，會對task進行解包操作。
協程嵌套
顧名思義是一個協程中調用另一個協程，但是涉及到兩個協程函數的結果處理和返回。
async def get(url):async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:async with session.get(url) as response:print(response)print(time.time())import time
async def request():url = "http://www.baidu.com"resulit = await get(url)tasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(request()) for _ in range(10000)]
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))被調用協程返回結果有下列三種方式;
async def get(url):async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:async with session.get(url) as response:print(response)print(time.time())
async def request():url = "http://www.baidu.com"tasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(url) for _ in range（1000）]
方式一：dones, pendings = await asyncio.wait(tasks) # 返回future對象，不返回直接結果for task in dones:print('Task ret: ', task.result())
方式二：results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks) # 直接返回結果方式三：for task in asyncio.as_completed(tasks):result = await taskprint('Task ret: {}'.format(result)) # 迭代方式返回結果tasks = asyncio.ensure_future(request())
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))停止協程任務
實現結束task有兩種方式：關閉單個task、關閉loop，涉及主要函數：
- asyncio.Task.all_tasks()獲取事件循環任務列表
- KeyboardInterrupt捕獲停止異常（Ctrl+C）
- loop.stop()停止任務循環
- task.cancel()取消單個任務
- loop.run_forever()
- loop.close()關閉事件循環，不然會重啟
重啟
方式一：適用于內嵌協程函數，先取內嵌協程任務
async def get(url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
async with session.get(url) as response:
print(response)
print(time.time())
async def request():
url = "http://www.baidu.com"
tasks = [asyncio.ensure_future(url) for _ in range（1000）]
dones, pendings = await asyncio.wait(tasks)task = asyncio.ensure_future(request())
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
try:
loop.run_until_complete(task)
except KeyboardInterrupt as e:
asyncio.gather(*asyncio.Task.all_tasks()).cancel()
loop.stop()
loop.run_forever()
finally:
loop.close()方式二：適用于無內嵌函數，直接遍歷協程任務
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
try:
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))
except KeyboardInterrupt as e:
for task in asyncio.Task.all_tasks():
print(task.cancel())
loop.stop()
loop.run_forever()
finally:
loop.close()?
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