數值
1.python支持基本的數學運算符,而且應用python你可以像寫數學公式那樣簡單明了。
eg:
>>> 2 + 2
4
>>> 50 - 5*6
20
>>> (50 - 5*6) / 4
5.0
>>> 8 / 5 # division always returns a floating point number
1.6
2.除法運算符號‘/’常常返回的是float類型,而‘//’返回的是整形,求余數符號是‘%’
eg:
>>> 17 / 3 # classic division returns a float
5.666666666666667
>>>
>>> 17 // 3 # floor division discards the fractional part
5
>>> 17 % 3 # the % operator returns the remainder of the division
2
>>> 5 * 3 + 2 # result * divisor + remainder
17
3.'**'符號表示求冪操作,‘=’用來賦值操作。
*變量不可以沒有賦值就使用,所以做好在聲明變量時就給賦值。
字符串
1.字符串常量可以使用單引號或者雙引號包含,不過習慣上常常使用雙引號,如果為了在字符串中出現單引號或者雙引號,可以使用反斜杠‘\’進行聲明。
eg:
>>> 'spam eggs' # single quotes
'spam eggs'
>>> 'doesn\'t' # use \' to escape the single quote...
"doesn't"
>>> "doesn't" # ...or use double quotes instead
"doesn't"
2.如果你不想以\字符被解釋為特殊字符,你可以通過在第一次報價,添加一個R使用原始字符串
eg:
>>> print('C:\some\name') # here \n means newline!
C:\some
ame
>>> print(r'C:\some\name') # note the r before the quote
C:\some\name
3.字符串可以跨多個行。一種方式是使用三引號:“”“…”“”或“”“…”。字符串的結尾會自動包含在字符串中,但是可以通過在行的結尾加上\\來防止這一點。
eg:
print("""\
Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
-h Display this usage message
-H hostname Hostname to connect to
""")
4.字符串可以通過‘+’來進行連接和通過‘*’進行重復。
eg:
>>> # 3 times 'un', followed by 'ium'
>>> 3 * 'un' + 'ium'
'unununium'
5.兩個或兩個以上的字符串(即那些包含在引號)下可以彼此自動連接。
注:幾年只有被引號所包含的字符串常量才支持這樣的操作,字符串變量和字符串表達式都不支持。
eg:
>>> 'Py' 'thon'
'Python'
>>> prefix = 'Py'
>>> prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> ('un' * 3) 'ium'
...
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
6.字符串支持下標訪問和區域訪問。
eg:
>>> word = 'Python'
>>> word[0] # character in position 0
'P'
>>> word[5] # character in position 5
'n'
>>> word[0:2] # characters from position 0 (included) to 2 (excluded)
'Py'
>>> word[2:5] # characters from position 2 (included) to 5 (excluded)
'tho'
>>> word[:2] + word[2:]
'Python'
>>> word[:4] + word[4:]
'Python'
7.字符串不支持修改和越界訪問。
eg:
>>> word[42] # the word only has 6 characters
Traceback (most recent call last):File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: string index out of range
>>> word[0] = 'J'
...
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
>>> word[2:] = 'py'
...
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment
*如果想修改,可以通過定義新的變量。
8.len()函數可以返回字符串的長度。
eg:
>>> s = 'supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'
>>> len(s)
34
列表
1.在python中,列表是最常用的類型之一。列表中可以包含相同類型的數據,也可以包含不同類型的數據。
eg:
>>> squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
>>> squares
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
2.列表和字符串一樣支持下標訪問和區域訪問,支持‘+’號操作。
eg:
>>> squares[0] # indexing returns the item
1
>>> squares[-1]
25
>>> squares[:]
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
>>> squares + [36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
3.列表可以對其中的元素進行修改。
>>> cubes = [1, 8, 27, 65, 125] # something's wrong here
>>> 4 ** 3 # the cube of 4 is 64, not 65!
64
>>> cubes[3] = 64 # replace the wrong value
>>> cubes
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125]
append
4.append函數是往列表后添加數據,len函數返回列表長度
eg:
>>> cubes.append(216) # add the cube of 6
>>> cubes.append(7 ** 3) # and the cube of 7
>>> cubes
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343]
>>> letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
>>> len(letters)
4