Today, Stack Overflow released the results of their 2016 survey of more than 50,000 developers.

今天，Stack Overflow發布了他們2016年對50,000多名開發人員進行的調查的結果。

I’ve combed through this big document to bring you the most surprising insights from it. Here we go.

我仔細閱讀了這份大文件，為您帶來了最令人驚訝的見解。 開始了。

每一位女性開發人員至少有九位男性開發人員 。 (There are at least nine male developers for every one female developer.)

We don’t have enough women in tech. This is news to no one. But a 15-to-1 ratio of males to females? This is much wider gap than most people realize.

我們的技術人員不足。 這對任何人來說都是新聞。 但是，男女比例為15：1？ 這個差距比大多數人意識到的要大得多。

And looking at the age distribution of female developers sheds some light on why.

通過查看女性開發人員的年齡分布，可以了解其中的原因。

30多歲和40多歲的女性開發人員要少得多。 (There are far fewer female developers in their 30s and 40s.)

Most female developers are in their 20s or are over 50+ years old. From this chart, you can see an entire generation of women who are even more under-represented than normal in the field of software development.

大多數女性開發人員都在20多歲或50歲以上。 從此圖表中，您可以看到在軟件開發領域中，女性一代的比例甚至低于正常水平。

There is one positive development on the gender equality front…

在性別平等方面有一個積極的發展。

在職業生涯的早期，美國的女性開發人員如今的收入與男性相同。 (Early in their career, female developers in the US now make as much as their male counterparts.)

Fortunately, there’s one area where software development is extremely diverse: education background.

幸運的是，有一個領域的軟件開發極為多樣化：教育背景。

學習編程的最流行的方式仍然是親自打書。 (The most popular way to learn to program is still hitting the books yourself.)

Most developers learn through some combination of self-study, on-the-job training, and academic study.

大多數開發人員通過自學，在職培訓和學術研究相結合來學習。

Less than half of developers have a technology-related undergraduate or graduate degree.

不到一半的開發人員擁有與技術相關的本科或研究生學位。

教育并沒有像您想的那樣嚴重影響您的薪水。 (Education doesn’t impact your salary as much as you’d think.)

It takes about 5 years to earn a PhD in computer science, but it only gets you an extra 9% salary on top of what you’d make with a Bachelors of Science.

獲得計算機科學博士學位大約需要5年時間，但是，除了獲得理學學士學位以外，您只能獲得額外9％的薪水。

Quitting your job and paying $15,000 to attend a coding bootcamp — for all their selectivity and help with job placement — only earns you $8,692 more than if you’d kept working and learned on your own.

放棄工作，并支付15,000美元參加編碼訓練營-由于他們的全部選擇性和工作安排的幫助-僅比您自己繼續工作和學習可多賺8692美元。

Note that these numbers are for developers with 5+ years of experience who live in the US.

請注意，這些數字適用于在美國居住5年以上經驗的開發人員。

We will dig further into these numbers when Stack Overflow releases their dataset, which they plan to do next week.

當Stack Overflow發布他們計劃在下周進行的數據集時，我們將進一步研究這些數字。

So what types of jobs are these developers working?

那么這些開發人員正在從事哪些類型的工作？

所有開發人員中有一半是Web開發人員。 (Half of all developers are web developers.)

The web is still the platform where most work is done. The combined native development platforms of mobile and desktop account for less than 15% of the jobs.

網絡仍然是完成大多數工作的平臺。 移動和臺式機相結合的本機開發平臺僅占不到15％的工作。

Some of this may be attributable to the fact that the web is essentially everyone’s back end. Most native apps hook into web APIs. Even Instagram has a much more complicated web back end than the mobile app portion that runs on your phone.

部分原因可能是由于網絡本質上是每個人的后端。 大多數本機應用程序都與Web API掛鉤。 甚至InstagramWeb后端也比手機上運行的移動應用程序部分復雜得多。

Considering the popularity of web development, which technologies are developers using on the job?

考慮到Web開發的普及，開發人員在工作中使用了哪些技術？

JavaScript和SQL仍然是最受歡迎的技術(自2013年這項調查開始以來就已經存在)。 (JavaScript and SQL are still the most popular technologies (and have been since this survey began in 2013).)

JavaScript is still the most extensively used tool, and is popular with developers who specialize on the front end:

JavaScript仍然是使用最廣泛的工具，并受到專門從事前端的開發人員的歡迎：

In fact, JavaScript is now the most popular language with back end developers, too.

實際上，JavaScript現在也是后端開發人員中最受歡迎的語言。

SQL has declined a bit in popularity, due in part to the rise of NoSQL databases like MongoDB (which uses JavaScript as its querying language instead of SQL).

SQL的普及程度有所下降，部分原因是NoSQL數據庫的出現，例如MongoDB(使用JavaScript作為查詢語言而不是SQL)。

Mac OS X現在是開發人員最受歡迎的操作系統。 (Mac OS X is now the most popular operating system for developers.)

Windows 7 was the most popular last year, and if you add up all the versions of Windows, it’s still used by half of developers.

Windows 7是去年最受歡迎的軟件，如果將Windows的所有版本加總，則仍有一半的開發人員使用它。

Anecdotally, almost all of the developers I see at hackathons in San Francisco now use Macs.

有趣的是，我在舊金山舉行的黑客馬拉松上看到的幾乎所有開發人員現在都使用Mac。

One trend that many developers welcome is the disappearance of joke job titles.

許多開發人員歡迎的趨勢是笑話職位的消失。

大多數開發人員只是稱自己為“開發人員”。 (Most developers simply call themselves “developers.”)

I’ve already written about how there are many synonyms for “developer”, and how developers tend to put “Software Engineer” on their resume because it sounds more important.

我已經寫過關于“開發人員”的同義詞很多，以及由于聽起來更重要，開發人員如何傾向于將“軟件工程師”放在簡歷上。

These days, fewer people tend to refer to themselves as “rockstars”, “ninjas”, or “gurus.” “Hacker” is somewhat popular still, though this term has negative connotations with non-programmers, who tend to confuse “hackers” with black hat “crackers”.

如今，越來越少的人傾向于稱自己為“搖滾明星”，“忍者”或“大師”。 “駭客”在某種程度上仍然很受歡迎，盡管該術語在非程序員中具有負面含義，后者傾向于將“黑客”與黑帽“騙子”混為一談。

But calling yourself a “ninja” is kind of a juvenile thing to do, right? Surely those kids are under-represented in the field…

但是稱自己為“忍者”是一種少年行為，對嗎？ 當然，這些孩子在該領域的代表性不足。

開發人員的平均年齡為29.6歲。 中位年齡是27歲。 (The average age of a developer is 29.6 years old. The median age is 27.)

Actually, more than half of developers are under 30. I’ve written a bit about why I think this is. I don’t believe it’s simply a matter of age discrimination, though that probably is a factor. Other things to consider:

實際上，超過一半的開發人員年齡在30歲以下。我已經寫了一些關于為什么我認為是這樣的原因。 我不認為這僅僅是年齡歧視的問題，盡管這可能是一個因素。 要考慮的其他事項：

• Developers often move into management.
  開發人員經常進入管理。
• Developers make a lot of money, so they may be able to retire younger.
  開發人員賺了很多錢，因此他們可以退休。
• Software developers may burn out before they reach older age.
  軟件開發人員可能在年齡變老之前就筋疲力盡。
• In the developing world, where about 80% of people live, software development only recently became a viable career.
  在大約80％的人口居住的發展中國家，軟件開發直到最近才成為可行的職業。
• The world population skews young. The average human being is only 30.
  世界人口偏向年輕。 人均只有30歲。

It’s worth pointing out that last year’s Stack Overflow survey found the average age to be only 28.9, so software development may be aging a bit as a profession.

值得指出的是，去年的Stack Overflow調查發現，平均年齡只有28.9歲，因此軟件開發作為一種職業可能正在老化。

一般的開發人員只進行了5年或更短的編程工作 (The average developer has only been programming for 5 years or less)

We are a field of newbies. I doubt there is any other profession where only a quarter of the practitioners have more than a decade of experience (other than maybe professional ice climber).

我們是新手領域。 我懷疑是否有其他行業中只有四分之一的從業人員具有超過十年的經驗(可能不是專業的攀冰者)。

So remember this the next time you’re tempted to feign astonishment and say “Oh, you haven’t heard of _____?”

因此，下次您想裝作驚訝時要記住這一點，然后說：“哦，您還沒有聽說過______嗎？”

找工作最常見的方法是通過朋友 (The most common way to get a job is through a friend)

India is one of the only countries where personal referrals aren’t the most common way of getting a job (they’re a close second to in-house recruiters).

印度是少數幾個并非以個人推薦的方式獲得工作的國家之一(他們僅次于內部招聘人員)。

工資仍然是就業決定中的最高優先事項 (Salary is still the highest priority in employment decisions)

German developers prioritized work-life balance slightly above salary. In India, salary was by far the most important factor.

德國開發商優先考慮工作與生活的平衡，略高于薪水。 在印度，薪水是迄今為止最重要的因素。

Which brings us to the result that may be the most surprising to people outside software development.

這給我們帶來的結果可能是軟件開發之外的人們最驚訝的結果。

甚至在軟件產品行業中，不到所有軟件開發工作的四分之一。 (Less than a quarter of all software development jobs are even in the software product industry.)

Developers are well represented across a wide range of fields. Almost every major company will have developers on staff. It’s quickly becoming one of the most common job titles in the US.

開發人員在各個領域都有很好的代表。 幾乎每個大型公司都會有開發人員。 它正在Swift成為美國最常見的職位之一 。

Don’t stop at merely reading my analysis — go check out the full survey and share your insights in the comments.

不要只是閱讀我的分析而已-請查看完整的調查并在評論中分享您的見解。

I only write about programming and technology. If you follow me on Twitter I won’t waste your time. ?

我只寫關于編程和技術的文章。 如果您在Twitter上關注我，我不會浪費您的時間。 ？

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/2-out-of-3-developers-are-self-taught-and-other-insights-from-stack-overflow-s-2016-survey-of-50-8cf0ee5d4c21/