開源貢獻計算

by Sibylle Sehl

通過Sibylle Sehl

我的第一個Hacktoberfest-第一次為開源做貢獻的經驗 (My First Hacktoberfest — Experiences of Contributing to Open Source as a First Timer)

Contributing to Open Source and projects can seem like a daunting process. Your favorite search engine will return a ton of results on guides and repositories to get started. But many times, your search does not yield the result you want, you still do not know how to contribute to Open Source even after reading multiple blog posts. The impeding reputation of certain projects and a harsh undertone does not help either and might complicate matters even further.

為開源和項目做貢獻似乎是一個艱巨的過程。您最喜歡的搜索引擎將在指南和存儲庫中返回大量結果，以開始使用。但是很多時候，您的搜索無法產生所需的結果，即使閱讀了多個博客文章，您仍然不知道如何為開源做貢獻。某些項目的聲譽受到阻礙，言語刻薄，也無濟于事，甚至可能使事情更加復雜。

I have been there myself. I trawled through pages to find great Open Source repositories to contribute to, only to notice that I did not know how to start.

我自己去過那里。我瀏覽了許多頁面，找到了可以為之做出貢獻的出色開放源代碼存儲庫，只是注意到我不知道如何開始。

Frustrated and a little disappointed, I started focusing on other projects instead.

沮喪和有些失望，我開始專注于其他項目。

But it all changed when I saw a fellow employee’s Hacktoberfest sticker on their laptop. I was intrigued — was this a remnant of yet another Hackathon?

但是，當我在他們的筆記本電腦上看到同事的Hacktoberfest貼紙時，一切都變了。我很感興趣-這是又一次Hackathon的殘余嗎？

Hacktoberfest turned out to be very different.

Hacktoberfest變得非常不同。

那么什么是Hacktoberfest？ (So what is a Hacktoberfest exactly?)

Hint: it doesn’t have to do with either beer, or hacking or the Oktoberfest (which actually takes place in September, duh!).

提示：它與啤酒，黑客行為或慕尼黑啤酒節(實際上發生在9月，du！)無關。

Hacktoberfest is a month-long celebration of contributing to Open Source, running from 1st October to 31st October. It was initiated by DigitalOcean in collaboration with GitHub. During the month of October you are encouraged to contribute and make pull requests to your favourite repositories on GitHub. If you manage to make four in total, you are eligible to receive a swanky T-Shirt like this!

Hacktoberfest是為期一個月的慶祝開源活動的活動，活動時間為10月1日至10月31日。它由DigitalOcean與GitHub合作發起。在十月份，我們鼓勵您向GitHub上您喜歡的存儲庫做出貢獻并提出拉取請求。如果您一共成功制作了四個，則有資格獲得像這樣的時髦T恤！

標簽，標簽，標簽 (Labels, labels, labels)

Hacktoberfest proved to be a great month to get into Open Source. GitHub was filled with issues labelled Hacktoberfest that needed your help. There was enough projects to choose from — ranging from documentation to Python to RUST. During this time, I learned how to search GitHub for issues by labels and how to find good issues to contribute to.

Hacktoberfest被證明是進入開源的好月份。 GitHub上充滿了標記為Hacktoberfest的問題，需要您的幫助。有足夠的項目可供選擇-從文檔到Python到RUST。在這段時間里，我學習了如何通過標簽在GitHub上搜索問題，以及如何找到有助于解決的好問題。

For people like me, who did not have any experience, labels such as first-timers-only, easy or good-first-issue proved to be my friend. There are also some good websites which aim to make the process of finding those issues easier. For example, up-for-grabs.net or code-triage — there’s probably many more.

對于像我這樣沒有任何經驗的人，諸如初學者 ，輕松或良好先發等標簽被證明是我的朋友。也有一些優秀的網站，旨在使發現這些問題的過程更加容易。例如， up-for-grabs.net或代碼分類 -可能還有更多。

Go and sign up to a few of these or check out their issues!

快去注冊其中一些，或查看他們的問題！

學習如何貢獻 (Learning how to contribute)

While trying to make my first contributions, I realised that my biggest unknown was not how to add links to markdown or style a page. But how to make a good pull request using git and the command line.

在嘗試做出我的第一個貢獻時，我意識到我最大的未知數不是如何添加鏈接以降價或設置頁面樣式。但是如何使用git和命令行發出良好的請求請求。

I found Kent C. Dodds’ free guide on egghead.io helpful and took notes of the command line commands I executed while following along.

我發現kent C. Dodds 在egghead.io上的免費指南很有幫助，并記下了我在跟蹤過程中執行的命令行命令。

The instructions could be summarized to something as simple as this:

這些說明可以概括為以下簡單內容：

//First you need to find a repository you want to contribute to and fork it!

// Then you have to clone the forked repo git clone git@github.com:yourusername/contributing-repo.git

// Change your directory to the new repo you cloned cd contributing-repo

// Set the upstream repository to the original repository (not the one you just cloned) git remote add upstream git@github.com:the-owners-username/contributing-repo.git

// Update any changes git fetch upstream

// Set our master branch to same as upstream branchgit branch --set-upstream-to=upstream/master master

// Create your own new branch for your pull requestgit checkout -b pr/my-new-cool-contribution

// Make any changes in your favourite text editor and save

//check status (should show the modified files)git status

// look at changes and reassess workgit diff

// add any changes to your staging area ( . for all files)git add

// Commit all changes and add a message for the maintainer of the repogit commit -m "I added this cool text to your guide repository"

// Push to source repo and create pull requestgit push origin pr/my-new-cool-contribution

This really helped me to understand the purpose of a pull-request and to understand the process of making a contribution. This blog post also helped me to understand that being descriptive is your best weapon — as that way you can get support and indicate if a Pull Request is still in progress. Not long after, I made another practice contribution but to receive a T-Shirt I needed to up my game and find another two issues.

這確實幫助我了解了請求請求的目的并了解了做出貢獻的過程。這篇博客文章還幫助我理解了描述性是您最好的武器-這樣一來，您可以獲得支持并指出“拉取請求”是否仍在進行中。不久之后，我又做出了一項練習性貢獻，但是要獲得一件T恤，我需要提高自己的游戲水平并找到另外兩個問題。

一場天上的火柴—對freeCodeCamp指南的貢獻 (A match made in heaven — contributing to freeCodeCamp guides)

I opened Medium one day and saw that Quincy Larson had provided a complete guide on how people could easily contribute to the freeCodeCamp guides repository. A source of shared knowledge across development, product, design, and data science. Contributing to this repository was not only highly encouraged but also super easy. You could make the contributions in your browser.

我有一天打開Medium，看到Quincy Larson提供了關于人們如何輕松地向freeCodeCamp指南存儲庫做出貢獻的完整指南。跨開發，產品，設計和數據科學的共享知識來源。不僅鼓勵鼓勵對該存儲庫做出貢獻，而且非常容易。您可以在瀏覽器中做出貢獻。

Finding a topic was not hard as the guides repository covered anything from Accessibility to HTML to Game Development.

查找主題并不難，因為指南庫涵蓋了從輔助功能到HTML到游戲開發的所有內容。

What intrigued me the most was how easy freeCodeCamp made the process to enable newcomers like me make meaningful contribution. Sharing knowledge with others.

最讓我著迷的是freeCodeCamp如何輕松地使像我這樣的新手做出有意義的貢獻。與他人共享知識。

You still learned about making pull request, having your contribution merged and adhering to standards and contributing guidelines. The process was slightly less intimidating . It was perfect for a beginner. In fact, it was that streamlined that freeCodeCamp managed to make a gif about it that sums the process up:

您仍然了解了提出拉取請求，合并您的貢獻以及遵守標準和貢獻準則的知識。這個過程沒有那么令人生畏。對于初學者來說是完美的。實際上，正是由于精簡了，freeCodeCamp才對其制作了一個gif文件，從而總結了整個過程：

After some deliberation, I decided to make a small contribution on different Linux distributions. And write a completely new section on Game Development to complete my four pull requests. I made a game over the summer as part of my dissertation project. Writing about Game Development and tools seemed a good way to share my newly acquired knowledge with others.

經過深思熟慮，我決定為不同的Linux發行版做出一些貢獻。并撰寫有關游戲開發的全新章節，以完成我的四個請求請求。暑假期間，我做了一個游戲，這是我的論文項目的一部分。撰寫有關游戲開發和工具的文章似乎是與他人分享我新獲得的知識的好方法。

In their Contributing.md guidelines, freeCodeCamp had given a lot of detail and a way of making sure that your writing was concise. I did all my research, backed it up with sources and fired it through the Hemingway app . Active voice and short sentences for the win!

在他們的Contributing.md指南中，freeCodeCamp提供了很多細節，并提供了確保您的寫作簡潔的方法。我進行了所有研究，并用源進行了備份，并通過海明威應用程序將其觸發。主動的聲音和簡短的句子為您贏得勝利！

I made my pull request and was over the moon when it got merged. The encouraging feedback was also a great plus from the freeCodeCamp community.

我提出了我的請求，當它合并時就在月球上。 freeCodeCamp社區也給予了令人鼓舞的反饋，這是一個很大的優勢。

我們可以從中得到什么？ (What can we take away from this?)

I would advise you to free yourself from the assumption, that you need to contribute perfect and well-rounded code the first time. Your first contribution does not have to be ground-breaking (or even be code to be precise).

我建議您從假設中解放出來，即您需要在第一時間貢獻出完善而全面的代碼。您的第一個貢獻不必是開創性的(甚至不必是精確的代碼)。

Project maintainers know that this might be your first Open Source contribution if they have labelled the issue as first-timers-only or similar. Your contribution can be anything like correcting a spelling mistake, adding some hyperlinks or a small learning project. Start small to become familiar with the process.

項目維護人員知道，如果他們將問題標記為“ 僅限初學者”或類似問題，則這可能是您的第一個開源項目。您的貢獻可以像糾正拼寫錯誤，添加一些超鏈接或一個小型學習項目之類。從小處著手，以熟悉該過程。

Many project maintainers that label their issues as friendly for beginners are also happy to answer your questions and provide support. So, don’t be shy to ask for clarification, if you do not understand something.

許多將自己的問題標記為對初學者友好的項目維護者，也很樂意回答您的問題并提供支持。因此，如果您不了解某些內容，請不要害羞要求澄清。

When the Hacktoberfest T-Shirt finally arrived in mid December having been shipped all the way from America, I felt like Christmas had come early. Holding it in my hands made me realise that I had helped to create and extend something that mattered . A feeling I believe many people contributing to Open Source on a regular basis will experience. Wearing it always reminds me to share my knowledge and this year I will also try and make the leap to contribute more code, after all I am not a first-timer anymore!

當Hacktoberfest T恤終于從美國一路運送到12月中旬到達時，我覺得圣誕節快到了。握住它使我意識到自己已經幫助創建和擴展了重要的東西。我相信會有很多人定期為開源做出貢獻。戴著它總是讓我分享自己的知識，今年，我還將嘗試并做出更大的貢獻，以貢獻更多的代碼，畢竟我不再是初學者了！