誰是贏家

As I wrote in the article “5 Skills to Look For When Hiring Remote Talent,” remote work is a fast emerging segment of the labor market. Today roughly eight million Americans work remotely full-time. And among the most commonly held jobs include many that leverage skills honed on freeCodeCamp. These jobs include web design, software engineering, product management, and writing.

正如我在文章“ 雇用遠程人才的五種技巧 ”中所寫的那樣，遠程工作是勞動力市場中快速興起的部分。 如今，大約有800萬美國人全職從事遠程工作。 在最常擔任的職位中，包括許多利用freeCodeCamp磨練的技能。 這些工作包括網頁設計，軟件工程，產品管理和寫作。

Firms are embracing the shift to hiring and empowering remote staff for many reasons. Some of the reasons frequently referenced include increased workforce productivity and access to new pools of talent.

由于許多原因，公司正在擁抱向雇用和授權遠程員工的轉變。 經常提到的一些原因包括勞動力生產率的提高和對新人才的使用。

One reason that is cited less frequently (but is seemingly as important) is that shifting to a remote labor force will significantly reduce a firm’s costs. Ultimately these cost savings will benefit shareholders.

被引用的頻率降低(但似乎很重要)的原因之一是轉移到偏遠的勞動力將大大降低公司的成本。 最終，這些成本節省將使股東受益。

I want to explain the cost structure that firms, and in particular technology companies, must manage. I absorbed these lessons by studying the financial documents and annual reports of companies that perhaps you aspire to work for or whose products you may use and enjoy.

我想解釋一下公司，尤其是技術公司必須管理的成本結構。 我通過研究可能渴望向其工作或可能會使用和享受其產品的公司的財務文件和年度報告來吸收這些教訓。

I want to share these lessons with you.

我想與您分享這些課程。

First, some relevant financial context. All firms have essentially three large costs that they must manage: Property Plant and Equipment (PP&E), operating expenses, and Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) expenses.

首先，一些相關的財務背景。 所有公司基本上都必須管理三大費用：不動產和設備(PP＆E)，運營費用以及銷售，一般和行政(SG＆A)費用。

When a firm maintains an office (or famous large headquarters in the case of Google, Facebook, and Apple), it obviously must pay for the furniture, land, buildings, and machinery that help power its business. These fixed assets are expected to be used for at least one year and are classified as PP&E on a firm’s balance sheet.

當一家公司維持辦公室(或Google，Facebook和Apple的著名大型總部)時，它顯然必須購買有助于其業務發展的家具，土地，建筑物和機械。 這些固定資產預計將使用至少一年，并在公司的資產負債表上歸類為PP＆E。

Operating expenses are a second category of cost that firms must manage. These costs include the utilities, insurance, taxes, and payroll that a firm pays to remain open.

運營支出是企業必須管理的第二類成本。 這些成本包括公司為保持開放狀態而支付的水電，保險，稅金和工資單。

Lastly, a company needs to budget for SG&A expenses which are the sum of all direct or indirect selling expenses and general administrative expenses a firm accrues.

最后，公司需要為SG＆A支出進行預算，該支出是公司產生的所有直接或間接銷售支出與一般管理支出的總和。

With this context in mind, we can view remote work - and the advocacy of remote work by CEOs - through a new financial light.

考慮到這種情況，我們可以通過一種新的財務視角來查看遠程工作以及CEO進行遠程工作的主張。

By placing workers in home offices (or remote co-working spaces) a firm can succeed in achieving two things in a single action: the firm can reduce its fixed and variable costs and move part of its cost structure from its balance sheet to that of its staff.

通過將工人安置在家庭辦公室(或偏遠的合作空間)中，公司可以一次完成兩個目標：公司可以減少固定成本和可變成本，并將部分成本結構從資產負債表轉移到資產負債表中。它的員工。

In short, companies won’t need to invest as much in buildings and equipment (i.e. lower CAPEX), which will lead directly to higher cash flow. This will lead to higher expected growth and higher stock prices over time.

簡而言之，公司將不需要在建筑物和設備上投入太多(即較低的資本支出)，這將直接導致更高的現金流。 隨著時間的推移，這將導致更高的預期增長和更高的股價。

Additionally, companies can decrease salaries and decrease corporate administrative costs, (i.e. lower SG&A), which will lead to higher net income to equity holders.

此外，公司可以降低薪水并降低公司管理成本(即較低的SG＆A)，這將為權益持有人帶來更高的凈收入。

Facebook provides evidence of this trend.

Facebook提供了這一趨勢的證據。

Recently Facebook Founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg said that as much as 50% of Facebook’s workforce could be working remotely in the next five to ten years.

最近，Facebook創始人兼首席執行官馬克·扎克伯格說，在未來五到十年內，多達50％的Facebook員工可能會遠程工作。

What data supports this policy?

哪些數據支持該政策？

Firstly, look at the explosion of Facebook’s SG&A costs in the last three years.

首先，看看過去三年中Facebook的SG＆A費用激增。

• In 2019 Facebook's annual SG&A increased 80% from 2018.
  在2019年，Facebook的年度SG＆A比2018年增加了80％。
• In 2018 Facebook's annual SG&A increased 56% from 2017.
  2018年，Facebook的年度SG＆A比2017年增長了56％。
• In 2017 Facebook's annual SG&A increased 32% from 2016.
  2017年，Facebook的年度SG＆A比2016年增長了32％。

Next, look at Facebook’s increase in operating expenses.

接下來，看看Facebook運營費用的增長。

• Facebook's annual operating expenses for 2019 increased 51.05% from 2018.
  Facebook 2019年的年度運營費用比2018年增加了51.05％。
• Facebook's annual operating expenses for 2018 increased 51.22% from 2017.
  Facebook 2018年的年度運營支出比2017年增長了51.22％。
• Facebook's annual operating expenses for 2017 increased 34% from 2016.
  Facebook 2017年的年度運營支出比2016年增長了34％。

Lastly, note that even as Facebook’s revenue has increased, the rate of growth is slowing.

最后，請注意，即使Facebook的收入增加了，增長率仍在放緩。

• Facebook's annual revenue for 2019 increased by 27% from 2018.
  Facebook 2019年的年收入比2018年增長了27％。
• Facebook's annual revenue for 2018 increased 37% from 2017.
  Facebook 2018年的年收入比2017年增長了37％。
• Facebook's annual revenue for 2017 increased 47% from 2016.
  Facebook 2017年的年收入比2016年增長了47％。

Facebook’s SG&A and operating expenses are increasing faster than Facebook’s rate of revenue.

Facebook的SG＆A和運營支出的增長速度快于Facebook的收入率。

To increase profitability, Facebook will need to find ways to decrease its costs. It has a few obvious buckets to target and expanding its remote workforce can reduce PP&E, SG&A, and other operating costs in one fell swoop.

為了提高盈利能力，Facebook將需要找到降低成本的方法。 它有幾個明顯的目標市場，而擴大遠程員工隊伍可以一口氣降低PP＆E，SG＆A和其他運營成本。

Let me explain how.

讓我解釋一下。

Remote workers will reduce Facebook’s dependency on furniture, land, and buildings. The decreased utilization of these fixed assets will lower Facebook's PP&E. Secondly, remote workers will decrease Facebook’s payroll. Why? Because Facebook can pay lower wages to workers outside of dense regions where the majority of their workers are today. Hiring talent outside of metropolitan areas will enable Facebook to pay wages indexed to local costs.

遠程工作人員將減少Facebook對家具，土地和建筑物的依賴。 這些固定資產的利用率下降將降低Facebook的PP＆E。 其次，遠程工作人員將減少Facebook的工資。 為什么？ 因為Facebook可以向人口稠密地區以外的工人支付較低的工資，而這些地區如今是大多數工人所在的地區。 在大城市以外地區雇用人才將使Facebook能夠支付與當地成本掛鉤的工資。

A software engineer in New Hampshire or Montana will cost Facebook less to employ than that same engineer located in New York City or the Bay Area. Zuckerberg explained that Facebook “will adjust salaries to your location...that means if you live in a location where the cost of living is dramatically lower, or the cost of labor is lower, then salaries do tend to be somewhat lower in those places.”

與位于紐約市或灣區的同一位工程師相比，在新罕布什爾州或蒙大納州的軟件工程師在Facebook上的聘用成本將更低。 扎克伯格解釋說，Facebook“將根據您所在的位置調整薪水……這意味著，如果您居住在生活成本顯著降低或勞動力成本較低的位置，那么這些地方的薪水確實會略低一些。”

The reduction of costs can be extrapolated to SG&A. Rent, utilities, and office supplies are three examples where Facebook can move costs from its balance sheet to that of its staff who will likely be expected, among other things, to heat and cool their home work environments, make their own coffee and food, or clean their home workspaces - ?at their own expense.

成本的降低可以推斷為SG＆A。 租金，水電和辦公用品是Facebook可以將成本從資產負債表轉移到員工成本的三個示例，這些員工可能會期望在其他方面加熱和冷卻家庭工作環境，自己制作咖啡和食物，或清理自己的家庭工作區-自費。

This shift in cost structure will likely yield disproportionate benefits to shareholders because the earnings of a firm increase when, holding all else constant, costs decrease.

成本結構的這種變化可能會給股??東帶來不成比例的收益，因為在其他條件不變的情況下，當成本下降時，公司的收益就會增加。

What do these changes mean for you? I have a few ideas.

這些變化對您意味著什么？ 我有一些想法。

Remote workers would be wise to ask for and negotiate new benefits packages. Subsidized wifi or utilities seem like reasonable things to ask for if you no longer have an office to work from. Discounted home office products - a chair, desk, light, keyboard, monitor ?- should be included as non-taxed items when joining in a remote role. Access to virtual mentoring or mental health tools can be requested as core perks to ensure that you are growing and healthy while performing remote work.

遠程工作者最好要求并談判新的福利方案。 補貼的wifi或公用事業似乎是要問的問題，如果您再也沒有辦公室可上班。 加入遠程職位時，應將打折的家庭辦公室產品 (椅子，書桌，電燈，鍵盤，顯示器)作為非稅品包括在內。 可以要求使用虛擬輔導或心理健康工具作為核心特權，以確保您在進行遠程工作時不斷成長和健康。

As remote work becomes more prevalent - for full time remote workers and employees who blend their time between workplaces - new paradigms of work will arise. With this fundamental shift in the labor markets, firms will have a unique opportunity to reduce costs. How and where their expenses are cut will dictate the rate at which earnings can increase.

隨著遠程工作變得越來越普遍-對于全職的遠程工作者和在工作場所之間混合時間的雇員-將會出現新的工作范式。 隨著勞動力市場的這種根本性轉變，公司將有獨特的機會來降低成本。 如何削減開支以及削減開支的地方將決定收益的增長速度。

It seems to reason that shareholders will benefit from enhanced profitability coming from these changes. But remote engineers, designers, product managers, and sales professionals can benefit too. By asking for new and specific perks that empower remote work, these workers might see more of the upside derived from this shift in the labor market.

似乎有理由認為，股東將從這些變化中受益于更高的盈利能力。 但是遠程工程師，設計師，產品經理和銷售專業人員也可以從中受益。 通過要求新的和特殊的津貼來實現遠程工作，這些工人可能會看到勞動力市場變化帶來的更多好處。

Thanks for reading. I am following the key learnings here to launch a Work From Home venture that makes working from home more enjoyable and productive for all: Work From Home Adviser. If you’re interested in connecting you can reach me there.

謝謝閱讀。 我正在這里學習一些重要的知識，從而開展了“在家工作”企業，這使所有人的在家工作都變得更加愉快和高效： “在家工作顧問” 。 如果您有興趣連接，可以在那里與我聯系。

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-real-work-from-home-winner-is-the-shareholder/

誰是贏家