iconv 文件編碼轉換

http://qq164587043.blog.51cto.com/261469/63349?

linux shell 配置文件中默認的字符集編碼為UTF－8 。UTF－8是unicode的一種表達方式，gb2312是和unicode都是字符的編碼方式，所以說gb2312跟utf－8的概念應該不是一個層次上的。在LINUX上進行編碼轉換時,可以利用iconv命令實現,這是針對文件的,即將指定文件從一種編碼轉換為另一種編碼。

?查了下iconv命令用法如下：

iconv [選項...] [文件...]

有如下選項可用:

輸入/輸出格式規范：
-f, --from-code=名稱 原始文本編碼
-t, --to-code=名稱 輸出編碼

信息：
-l, --list 列舉所有已知的字符集

輸出控制：
-c 從輸出中忽略無效的字符
-o, --output=FILE 輸出文件
-s, --silent 關閉警告
--verbose 打印進度信息

iconv -f utf-8 -t gb2312 /server_test/reports/software_.txt > /server_test/reports/software_asserts.txt

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iconv函數族的頭文件是iconv.h,使用前需包含之。
#include <iconv.h>
iconv函數族有三個函數,原型如下:
(1) iconv_t iconv_open(const char *tocode, const char *fromcode);
此函數說明將要進行哪兩種編碼的轉換,tocode是目標編碼,fromcode是原編碼,該函數返回一個轉換句柄,供以下兩個函數使用。
(2) size_t iconv(iconv_t cd,char **inbuf,size_t *inbytesleft,char **outbuf,size_t *outbytesleft);
此函數從inbuf中讀取字符,轉換后輸出到outbuf中,inbytesleft用以記錄還未轉換的字符數,outbytesleft用以記錄輸出緩沖的剩余空間。 (3) int iconv_close(iconv_t cd);
此函數用于關閉轉換句柄,釋放資源。
例子1: 用C語言實現的轉換示例程序

/* f.c : 代碼轉換示例C程序 */
#include <iconv.h>
#define OUTLEN 255
main()
{
char *in_utf8 = "姝ｅ?ㄥ??瑁?";
char *in_gb2312 = "正在安裝";
char out[OUTLEN];

//unicode碼轉為gb2312碼
rc = u2g(in_utf8,strlen(in_utf8),out,OUTLEN);
printf("unicode-->gb2312 out=%sn",out);
//gb2312碼轉為unicode碼
rc = g2u(in_gb2312,strlen(in_gb2312),out,OUTLEN);
printf("gb2312-->unicode out=%sn",out);
}
//代碼轉換:從一種編碼轉為另一種編碼
int code_convert(char *from_charset,char *to_charset,char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{
iconv_t cd;
int rc;
char **pin = &inbuf;
char **pout = &outbuf;

cd = iconv_open(to_charset,from_charset);
if (cd==0) return -1;
memset(outbuf,0,outlen);
if (iconv(cd,pin,&inlen,pout,&outlen)==-1) return -1;
iconv_close(cd);
return 0;
}
//UNICODE碼轉為GB2312碼
int u2g(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen)
{
return code_convert("utf-8","gb2312",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}
//GB2312碼轉為UNICODE碼
int g2u(char *inbuf,size_t inlen,char *outbuf,size_t outlen)
{
return code_convert("gb2312","utf-8",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen);
}

例子2: 用C++語言實現的轉換示例程序

/* f.cpp : 代碼轉換示例C++程序 */
#include <iconv.h>
#include <iostream>

#define OUTLEN 255

using namespace std;

// 代碼轉換操作類
class CodeConverter {
private:
iconv_t cd;
public:
// 構造
CodeConverter(const char *from_charset,const char *to_charset) {
cd = iconv_open(to_charset,from_charset);
}

// 析構
~CodeConverter() {
iconv_close(cd);
}

// 轉換輸出
int convert(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen) {
char **pin = &inbuf;
char **pout = &outbuf;

memset(outbuf,0,outlen);
return iconv(cd,pin,(size_t *)&inlen,pout,(size_t *)&outlen);
}
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *in_utf8 = "姝ｅ?ㄥ??瑁?";
char *in_gb2312 = "正在安裝";
char out[OUTLEN];

// utf-8-->gb2312
CodeConverter cc = CodeConverter("utf-8","gb2312");
cc.convert(in_utf8,strlen(in_utf8),out,OUTLEN);
cout << "utf-8-->gb2312 in=" << in_utf8 << ",out=" << out << endl;

// gb2312-->utf-8
CodeConverter cc2 = CodeConverter("gb2312","utf-8");
cc2.convert(in_gb2312,strlen(in_gb2312),out,OUTLEN);
cout << "gb2312-->utf-8 in=" << in_gb2312 << ",out=" << out << endl;
}

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iconv的支持的編碼有

$ iconv?-l
437,?500,?500V1,?850,?851,?852,?855,?856,?857,?860,?861,?862,?863,?864,?865,?866,?866NAV,?869,?874,?904,?1026,?1046,?1047,?8859_1,?8859_2,?8859_3,?8859_4,?8859_5,?8859_6,8859_7,?8859_8,?8859_9,?10646-1:1993,?10646-1:1993/UCS4/
ANSI_X3.4-1968,?ANSI_X3.4-1986,?ANSI_X3.4,?ANSI_X3.110-1983,?ANSI_X3.110,?ARABIC,?ARABIC7,?ARMSCII-8,?ASCII,?ASMO-708,?ASMO_449,?BALTIC,?BIG-5,?BIG-FIVE,?BIG5-HKSCS,?BIG5,BIG5HKSCS,?BIGFIVE,?BS_4730,?CA,?CN-BIG5,?CN-GB,?CN,?CP-AR,?CP-GR,?CP-HU,?CP037,?CP038,?CP273,?CP274,?CP275,?CP278,?CP280,?CP281,?CP282,?CP284,?CP285,?CP290,?CP297,?CP367,CP420,?CP423,?CP424,?CP437,?CP500,?CP737,?CP775,?CP813,?CP819,?CP850,?CP851,?CP852,?CP855,?CP856,?CP857,?CP860,?CP861,?CP862,?CP863,?CP864,?CP865,?CP866,?CP866NAV,?CP868,CP869,?CP870,?CP871,?CP874,?CP875,?CP880,?CP891,?CP903,?CP904,?CP905,?CP912,?CP915,?CP916,?CP918,?CP920,?CP922,?CP930,?CP932,?CP933,?CP935,?CP936,?CP937,?CP939,?CP949,CP950,?CP1004,?CP1026,?CP1046,?CP1047,?CP1070,?CP1079,?CP1081,?CP1084,?CP1089,?CP1124,?CP1125,?CP1129,?CP1132,?CP1133,?CP1160,?CP1161,?CP1162,?CP1163,?CP1164,?CP1250,CP1251,?CP1252,?CP1253,?CP1254,?CP1255,?CP1256,?CP1257,?CP1258,?CP1361,?CP10007,?CPIBM861,?CSA7-1,?CSA7-2,?CSASCII,?CSA_T500-1983,?CSA_T500,?CSA_Z243.4-1985-1,?CSA_Z243.4-1985-2,?CSA_Z243.419851,?CSA_Z243.419852,?CSDECMCS,?CSEBCDICATDE,?CSEBCDICATDEA,?CSEBCDICCAFR,?CSEBCDICDKNO,?CSEBCDICDKNOA,?CSEBCDICES,?CSEBCDICESA,?CSEBCDICESS,CSEBCDICFISE,?CSEBCDICFISEA,?CSEBCDICFR,?CSEBCDICIT,?CSEBCDICPT,?CSEBCDICUK,?CSEBCDICUS,?CSEUCKR,?CSEUCPKDFMTJAPANESE,?CSGB2312,?CSHPROMAN8,?CSIBM037,?CSIBM038,?CSIBM273,CSIBM274,?CSIBM275,?CSIBM277,?CSIBM278,?CSIBM280,?CSIBM281,?CSIBM284,?CSIBM285,?CSIBM290,?CSIBM297,?CSIBM420,?CSIBM423,?CSIBM424,?CSIBM500,?CSIBM851,?CSIBM855,?CSIBM856,CSIBM857,?CSIBM860,?CSIBM863,?CSIBM864,?CSIBM865,?CSIBM866,?CSIBM868,?CSIBM869,?CSIBM870,?CSIBM871,?CSIBM880,?CSIBM891,?CSIBM903,?CSIBM904,?CSIBM905,?CSIBM918,?CSIBM922,CSIBM930,?CSIBM932,?CSIBM933,?CSIBM935,?CSIBM937,?CSIBM939,?CSIBM943,?CSIBM1026,?CSIBM1124,?CSIBM1129,?CSIBM1132,?CSIBM1133,?CSIBM1160,?CSIBM1161,?CSIBM1163,?CSIBM1164,CSIBM11621162,?CSISO4UNITEDKINGDOM,?CSISO10SWEDISH,?CSISO11SWEDISHFORNAMES,?CSISO14JISC6220RO,?CSISO15ITALIAN,?CSISO16PORTUGESE,?CSISO17SPANISH,?CSISO18GREEK7OLD,CSISO19LATINGREEK,?CSISO21GERMAN,?CSISO25FRENCH,?CSISO27LATINGREEK1,?CSISO49INIS,?CSISO50INIS8,?CSISO51INISCYRILLIC,?CSISO58GB1988,?CSISO60DANISHNORWEGIAN,CSISO60NORWEGIAN1,?CSISO61NORWEGIAN2,?CSISO69FRENCH,?CSISO84PORTUGUESE2,?CSISO85SPANISH2,?CSISO86HUNGARIAN,?CSISO88GREEK7,?CSISO89ASMO449,?CSISO90,?CSISO92JISC62991984B,CSISO99NAPLPS,?CSISO103T618BIT,?CSISO111ECMACYRILLIC,?CSISO121CANADIAN1,?CSISO122CANADIAN2,?CSISO139CSN369103,?CSISO141JUSIB1002,?CSISO143IECP271,?CSISO150,CSISO150GREEKCCITT,?CSISO151CUBA,?CSISO153GOST1976874,?CSISO646DANISH,?CSISO2022CN,?CSISO2022JP,?CSISO2022JP2,?CSISO2022KR,?CSISO2033,?CSISO5427CYRILLIC,CSISO5427CYRILLIC1981,?CSISO5428GREEK,?CSISO10367BOX,?CSISOLATIN1,?CSISOLATIN2,?CSISOLATIN3,?CSISOLATIN4,?CSISOLATIN5,?CSISOLATIN6,?CSISOLATINARABIC,?CSISOLATINCYRILLIC,CSISOLATINGREEK,?CSISOLATINHEBREW,?CSKOI8R,?CSKSC5636,?CSMACINTOSH,?CSNATSDANO,?CSNATSSEFI,?CSN_369103,?CSPC8CODEPAGE437,?CSPC775BALTIC,?CSPC850MULTILINGUAL,CSPC862LATINHEBREW,?CSPCP852,?CSSHIFTJIS,?CSUCS4,?CSUNICODE,?CSWINDOWS31J,?CUBA,?CWI-2,?CWI,?CYRILLIC,?DE,?DEC-MCS,?DEC,?DECMCS,?DIN_66003,?DK,?DS2089,?DS_2089,?E13B/
EBCDIC-AT-DE-A,?EBCDIC-AT-DE,?EBCDIC-BE,?EBCDIC-BR,?EBCDIC-CA-FR,?EBCDIC-CP-AR1,?EBCDIC-CP-AR2,?EBCDIC-CP-BE,?EBCDIC-CP-CA,?EBCDIC-CP-CH,?EBCDIC-CP-DK,?EBCDIC-CP-ES,EBCDIC-CP-FI,?EBCDIC-CP-FR,?EBCDIC-CP-GB,?EBCDIC-CP-GR,?EBCDIC-CP-HE,?EBCDIC-CP-IS,?EBCDIC-CP-IT,?EBCDIC-CP-NL,?EBCDIC-CP-NO,?EBCDIC-CP-ROECE,?EBCDIC-CP-SE,?EBCDIC-CP-TR,EBCDIC-CP-US,?EBCDIC-CP-WT,?EBCDIC-CP-YU,?EBCDIC-CYRILLIC,?EBCDIC-DK-NO-A,?EBCDIC-DK-NO,?EBCDIC-ES-A,?EBCDIC-ES-S,?EBCDIC-ES,?EBCDIC-FI-SE-A,?EBCDIC-FI-SE,?EBCDIC-FR,EBCDIC-GREEK,?EBCDIC-INT,?EBCDIC-INT1,?EBCDIC-IS-FRISS,?EBCDIC-IT,?EBCDIC-JP-E,?EBCDIC-JP-KANA,?EBCDIC-PT,?EBCDIC-UK,?EBCDIC-US,?EBCDICATDE,?EBCDICATDEA,?EBCDICCAFR,EBCDICDKNO,?EBCDICDKNOA,?EBCDICES,?EBCDICESA,?EBCDICESS,?EBCDICFISE,?EBCDICFISEA,?EBCDICFR,?EBCDICISFRISS,?EBCDICIT,?EBCDICPT,?EBCDICUK,?EBCDICUS,?ECMA-114,?ECMA-118,ECMA-128,?ECMA-CYRILLIC,?ECMACYRILLIC,?ELOT_928,?ES,?ES2,?EUC-CN,?EUC-JISX0213,?EUC-JP-MS,?EUC-JP,?EUC-KR,?EUC-TW,?EUCCN,?EUCJP-MS,?EUCJP-OPEN,?EUCJP-WIN,?EUCJP,?EUCKR,EUCTW,?FI,?FR,?GB,?GB2312,?GB13000,?GB18030,?GBK,?GB_1988-80,?GB_198880,?GEORGIAN-ACADEMY,?GEORGIAN-PS,?GOST_19768-74,?GOST_19768,?GOST_1976874,?GREEK-CCITT,?GREEK,GREEK7-OLD,?GREEK7,?GREEK7OLD,?GREEK8,?GREEKCCITT,?HEBREW,?HP-ROMAN8,?HPROMAN8,?HU,?IBM-856,?IBM-922,?IBM-930,?IBM-932,?IBM-933,?IBM-935,?IBM-937,?IBM-939,?IBM-943,?IBM-1046,?IBM-1047,?IBM-1124,?IBM-1129,?IBM-1132,?IBM-1133,?IBM-1160,?IBM-1161,?IBM-1162,?IBM-1163,?IBM-1164,?IBM037,?IBM038,?IBM256,?IBM273,?IBM274,?IBM275,?IBM277,?IBM278,IBM280,?IBM281,?IBM284,?IBM285,?IBM290,?IBM297,?IBM367,?IBM420,?IBM423,?IBM424,?IBM437,?IBM500,?IBM775,?IBM813,?IBM819,?IBM848,?IBM850,?IBM851,?IBM852,?IBM855,?IBM856,IBM857,?IBM860,?IBM861,?IBM862,?IBM863,?IBM864,?IBM865,?IBM866,?IBM866NAV,?IBM868,?IBM869,?IBM870,?IBM871,?IBM874,?IBM875,?IBM880,?IBM891,?IBM903,?IBM904,?IBM905,?IBM912,IBM915,?IBM916,?IBM918,?IBM920,?IBM922,?IBM930,?IBM932,?IBM933,?IBM935,?IBM937,?IBM939,?IBM943,?IBM1004,?IBM1026,?IBM1046,?IBM1047,?IBM1089,?IBM1124,?IBM1129,?IBM1132,IBM1133,?IBM1160,?IBM1161,?IBM1162,?IBM1163,?IBM1164,?IEC_P27-1,?IEC_P271,?INIS-8,?INIS-CYRILLIC,?INIS,?INIS8,?INISCYRILLIC,?ISIRI-3342,?ISIRI3342,?ISO-2022-CN-EXT,?ISO-2022-CN,?ISO-2022-JP-2,?ISO-2022-JP-3,?ISO-2022-JP,?ISO-2022-KR,?ISO-8859-1,?ISO-8859-2,?ISO-8859-3,?ISO-8859-4,?ISO-8859-5,?ISO-8859-6,?ISO-8859-7,?ISO-8859-8,?ISO-8859-9,?ISO-8859-10,?ISO-8859-11,?ISO-8859-13,?ISO-8859-14,?ISO-8859-15,?ISO-8859-16,?ISO-10646,?ISO-10646/UCS2/
ISO-10646/UCS4/
ISO-10646/UTF-8/
ISO-10646/UTF8/
ISO-CELTIC,?ISO-IR-4,?ISO-IR-6,?ISO-IR-8-1,?ISO-IR-9-1,?ISO-IR-10,?ISO-IR-11,?ISO-IR-14,?ISO-IR-15,?ISO-IR-16,?ISO-IR-17,?ISO-IR-18,?ISO-IR-19,?ISO-IR-21,?ISO-IR-25,?ISO-IR-27,?ISO-IR-37,?ISO-IR-49,?ISO-IR-50,?ISO-IR-51,?ISO-IR-54,?ISO-IR-55,?ISO-IR-57,?ISO-IR-60,?ISO-IR-61,?ISO-IR-69,?ISO-IR-84,?ISO-IR-85,?ISO-IR-86,?ISO-IR-88,?ISO-IR-89,ISO-IR-90,?ISO-IR-92,?ISO-IR-98,?ISO-IR-99,?ISO-IR-100,?ISO-IR-101,?ISO-IR-103,?ISO-IR-109,?ISO-IR-110,?ISO-IR-111,?ISO-IR-121,?ISO-IR-122,?ISO-IR-126,?ISO-IR-127,?ISO-IR-138,?ISO-IR-139,?ISO-IR-141,?ISO-IR-143,?ISO-IR-144,?ISO-IR-148,?ISO-IR-150,?ISO-IR-151,?ISO-IR-153,?ISO-IR-155,?ISO-IR-156,?ISO-IR-157,?ISO-IR-166,?ISO-IR-179,?ISO-IR-193,?ISO-IR-197,?ISO-IR-199,?ISO-IR-203,?ISO-IR-209,?ISO-IR-226,?ISO646-CA,?ISO646-CA2,?ISO646-CN,?ISO646-CU,?ISO646-DE,?ISO646-DK,?ISO646-ES,?ISO646-ES2,?ISO646-FI,ISO646-FR,?ISO646-FR1,?ISO646-GB,?ISO646-HU,?ISO646-IT,?ISO646-JP-OCR-B,?ISO646-JP,?ISO646-KR,?ISO646-NO,?ISO646-NO2,?ISO646-PT,?ISO646-PT2,?ISO646-SE,?ISO646-SE2,?ISO646-US,?ISO646-YU,?ISO2022CN,?ISO2022CNEXT,?ISO2022JP,?ISO2022JP2,?ISO2022KR,?ISO6937,?ISO8859-1,?ISO8859-2,?ISO8859-3,?ISO8859-4,?ISO8859-5,?ISO8859-6,?ISO8859-7,?ISO8859-8,ISO8859-9,?ISO8859-10,?ISO8859-11,?ISO8859-13,?ISO8859-14,?ISO8859-15,?ISO8859-16,?ISO88591,?ISO88592,?ISO88593,?ISO88594,?ISO88595,?ISO88596,?ISO88597,?ISO88598,ISO88599,?ISO885910,?ISO885911,?ISO885913,?ISO885914,?ISO885915,?ISO885916,?ISO_646.IRV:1991,?ISO_2033-1983,?ISO_2033,?ISO_5427-EXT,?ISO_5427,?ISO_5427:1981,?ISO_5427EXT,ISO_5428,?ISO_5428:1980,?ISO_6937-2,?ISO_6937-2:1983,?ISO_6937,?ISO_6937:1992,?ISO_8859-1,?ISO_8859-1:1987,?ISO_8859-2,?ISO_8859-2:1987,?ISO_8859-3,?ISO_8859-3:1988,ISO_8859-4,?ISO_8859-4:1988,?ISO_8859-5,?ISO_8859-5:1988,?ISO_8859-6,?ISO_8859-6:1987,?ISO_8859-7,?ISO_8859-7:1987,?ISO_8859-7:2003,?ISO_8859-8,?ISO_8859-8:1988,?ISO_8859-9,?ISO_8859-9:1989,?ISO_8859-10,?ISO_8859-10:1992,?ISO_8859-14,?ISO_8859-14:1998,?ISO_8859-15,?ISO_8859-15:1998,?ISO_8859-16,?ISO_8859-16:2001,?ISO_9036,?ISO_10367-BOX,ISO_10367BOX,?ISO_69372,?IT,?JIS_C6220-1969-RO,?JIS_C6229-1984-B,?JIS_C62201969RO,?JIS_C62291984B,?JOHAB,?JP-OCR-B,?JP,?JS,?JUS_I.B1.002,?KOI-7,?KOI-8,?KOI8-R,?KOI8-T,KOI8-U,?KOI8,?KOI8R,?KOI8U,?KSC5636,?L1,?L2,?L3,?L4,?L5,?L6,?L7,?L8,?L10,?LATIN-9,?LATIN-GREEK-1,?LATIN-GREEK,?LATIN1,?LATIN2,?LATIN3,?LATIN4,?LATIN5,?LATIN6,?LATIN7,LATIN8,?LATIN10,?LATINGREEK,?LATINGREEK1,?MAC-CYRILLIC,?MAC-IS,?MAC-SAMI,?MAC-UK,?MAC,?MACCYRILLIC,?MACINTOSH,?MACIS,?MACUK,?MACUKRAINIAN,?MS-ANSI,?MS-ARAB,?MS-CYRL,?MS-EE,?MS-GREEK,?MS-HEBR,?MS-MAC-CYRILLIC,?MS-TURK,?MS932,?MS936,?MSCP949,?MSCP1361,?MSMACCYRILLIC,?MSZ_7795.3,?MS_KANJI,?NAPLPS,?NATS-DANO,?NATS-SEFI,?NATSDANO,?NATSSEFI,NC_NC0010,?NC_NC00-10,?NC_NC00-10:81,?NF_Z_62-010,?NF_Z_62-010_(1973),?NF_Z_62-010_1973,?NF_Z_62010,?NF_Z_62010_1973,?NO,?NO2,?NS_4551-1,?NS_4551-2,?NS_45511,?NS_45512,OS2LATIN1,?OSF00010001,?OSF00010002,?OSF00010003,?OSF00010004,?OSF00010005,?OSF00010006,?OSF00010007,?OSF00010008,?OSF00010009,?OSF0001000A,?OSF00010020,?OSF00010100,OSF00010101,?OSF00010102,?OSF00010104,?OSF00010105,?OSF00010106,?OSF00030010,?OSF0004000A,?OSF0005000A,?OSF05010001,?OSF100201A4,?OSF100201A8,?OSF100201B5,?OSF100201F4,OSF100203B5,?OSF1002011C,?OSF1002011D,?OSF1002035D,?OSF1002035E,?OSF1002035F,?OSF1002036B,?OSF1002037B,?OSF10010001,?OSF10020025,?OSF10020111,?OSF10020115,?OSF10020116,OSF10020118,?OSF10020122,?OSF10020129,?OSF10020352,?OSF10020354,?OSF10020357,?OSF10020359,?OSF10020360,?OSF10020364,?OSF10020365,?OSF10020366,?OSF10020367,?OSF10020370,OSF10020387,?OSF10020388,?OSF10020396,?OSF10020402,?OSF10020417,?PT,?PT2,?PT154,?R8,?RK1048,?ROMAN8,?RUSCII,?SE,?SE2,?SEN_850200_B,?SEN_850200_C,?SHIFT-JIS,?SHIFT_JIS,SHIFT_JISX0213,?SJIS-OPEN,?SJIS-WIN,?SJIS,?SS636127,?STRK1048-2002,?ST_SEV_358-88,?T.61-8BIT,?T.61,?T.618BIT,?TCVN-5712,?TCVN,?TCVN5712-1,?TCVN5712-1:1993,?TIS-620,TIS620-0,?TIS620.2529-1,?TIS620.2533-0,?TIS620,?TS-5881,?TSCII,?UCS-2,?UCS-2BE,?UCS-2LE,?UCS-4,?UCS-4BE,?UCS-4LE,?UCS2,?UCS4,?UHC,?UJIS,?UK,?UNICODE,?UNICODEBIG,UNICODELITTLE,?US-ASCII,?US,?UTF-7,?UTF-8,?UTF-16,?UTF-16BE,?UTF-16LE,?UTF-32,?UTF-32BE,?UTF-32LE,?UTF7,?UTF8,?UTF16,?UTF16BE,?UTF16LE,?UTF32,?UTF32BE,?UTF32LE,?VISCII,WCHAR_T,?WIN-SAMI-2,?WINBALTRIM,?WINDOWS-31J,?WINDOWS-874,?WINDOWS-936,?WINDOWS-1250,?WINDOWS-1251,?WINDOWS-1252,?WINDOWS-1253,?WINDOWS-1254,?WINDOWS-1255,?WINDOWS-1256,WINDOWS-1257,?WINDOWS-1258,?WINSAMI2,?WS2,?YU,?
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?http://worldant.blog.sohu.com/96069463.html?

?? 在LINUX上進行編碼轉換時,既可以利用iconv函數族編程實現,也可以利用iconv命令來實現,只不過后者是針對文件的,即將指定文件從一種編碼轉換為另一種編碼。

? (1) 利用iconv函數族進行編碼轉換

? iconv函數族的頭文件是iconv.h,使用前需包含之。
?????? ＃include <iconv.h>
? iconv函數族有三個函數,原型如下:

• iconv_t iconv_open(const char *tocode, const char *fromcode);

??? 此函數說明將要進行哪兩種編碼的轉換,tocode是目標編碼,fromcode是原編碼,該函數返回一個轉換句柄,供以下兩個函數使用。

• size_t iconv(iconv_t cd,char **inbuf,size_t *inbytesleft,char **outbuf,size_t *outbytesleft);

??? 此函數從inbuf中讀取字符,轉換后輸出到outbuf中,inbytesleft用以記錄還未轉換的字符數,outbytesleft用以記錄輸出緩沖的剩余空間。?

• int iconv_close(iconv_t cd);

?? 此函數用于關閉轉換句柄,釋放資源。

?(2) 利用iconv命令進行編碼轉換

? iconv命令用于轉換指定文件的編碼,默認輸出到標準輸出設備,亦可指定輸出文件。

? 用法： iconv [選項...] [文件...]

? 有如下選項可用:

輸入/輸出格式規范：
-f, --from-code=名稱 原始文本編碼
-t, --to-code=名稱 輸出編碼

信息：
-l, --list 列舉所有已知的字符集

輸出控制：
-c 從輸出中忽略無效的字符
-o, --output=FILE 輸出文件
-s, --silent 關閉警告
--verbose 打印進度信息

-?, --help 給出該系統求助列表
--usage 給出簡要的用法信息
-V, --version 打印程序版本號

例子:
iconv -f utf-8 -t gb2312 aaa.txt >bbb.txt
這個命令讀取aaa.txt文件，從utf-8編碼轉換為gb2312編碼,其輸出定向到bbb.txt文件。


2.iconv實現通用語言編碼轉換(c++)
?? 可以實現對任意的兩個iconv支持的語言編碼做互相轉換，比如GB2312, GBK, GB18030, UTF-8, UTF-16, BIG5等.
下面這段程序，非常的穩定，測試了超過10萬行的數十種編碼的文本的轉換都沒有出問題。?

#include?<stdio.h>
#include?<stdlib.h>
#include?<string.h>
#include?<iconv.h>

#ifndef?ICONV_CONST
#?define?ICONV_CONST?const
#endif

/*!
?對字符串進行語言編碼轉換
?param?from??原始編碼，比如"GB2312",的按照iconv支持的寫
?param?to??????轉換的目的編碼
?param?save??轉換后的數據保存到這個指針里，需要在外部分配內存
?param?savelen?存儲轉換后數據的內存大小
?param?src??????原始需要轉換的字符串
?param?srclen????原始字符串長度
?*/
int
convert(const?char?*from,?const?char?*to,?char*?save,?int?savelen,?char?*src,?int?srclen)
{
????iconv_t?cd;
????char???*inbuf?=?src;
????char?*outbuf?=?save;
????size_t?outbufsize?=?savelen;
????int?status?=?0;
????size_t??savesize?=?0;
????size_t?inbufsize?=?srclen;
????const?char*?inptr?=?inbuf;
????size_t??????insize?=?inbufsize;
????char*?outptr?=?outbuf;
????size_t?outsize?=?outbufsize;
????
????cd?=?iconv_open(to,?from);
????iconv(cd,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL);
????if?(inbufsize?==?0)?{
????????status?=?-1;
????????goto?done;
????}
????while?(insize?>?0)?{
????????size_t?res?=?iconv(cd,(ICONV_CONST?char**)&inptr,&insize,&outptr,&outsize);
????????if?(outptr?!=?outbuf)?{
????????????int?saved_errno?=?errno;
????????????int?outsize?=?outptr?-?outbuf;
????????????strncpy(save+savesize,?outbuf,?outsize);
????????????errno?=?saved_errno;
????????}
????????if?(res?==?(size_t)(-1))?{
????????????if?(errno?==?EILSEQ)?{
????????????????int?one?=?1;
????????????????iconvctl(cd,ICONV_SET_DISCARD_ILSEQ,&one);
????????????????status?=?-3;
????????????}?else?if?(errno?==?EINVAL)?{
????????????????if?(inbufsize?==?0)?{
????????????????????status?=?-4;
????????????????????goto?done;
????????????????}?else?{
????????????????????break;
????????????????}
????????????}?else?if?(errno?==?E2BIG)?{
????????????????status?=?-5;
????????????????goto?done;
????????????}?else?{
????????????????status?=?-6;
????????????????goto?done;
????????????}
????????}
????}
????status?=?strlen(save);
done:
????iconv_close(cd);
????return?status;

}


附：關于iconv的能力

It provides support for the encodings:

European languages

ASCII, ISO-8859-{1,2,3,4,5,7,9,10,13,14,15,16}, KOI8-R, KOI8-U, KOI8-RU, CP{1250,1251,1252,1253,1254,1257}, CP{850,866}, Mac{Roman,CentralEurope,Iceland,Croatian,Romania}, Mac{Cyrillic,Ukraine,Greek,Turkish}, Macintosh

Semitic languages

ISO-8859-{6,8}, CP{1255,1256}, CP862, Mac{Hebrew,Arabic}

Japanese

EUC-JP, SHIFT_JIS, CP932, ISO-2022-JP, ISO-2022-JP-2, ISO-2022-JP-1

Chinese

EUC-CN, HZ, GBK, CP936, GB18030, EUC-TW, BIG5, CP950, BIG5-HKSCS, BIG5-HKSCS:2001, BIG5-HKSCS:1999, ISO-2022-CN, ISO-2022-CN-EXT

Korean

EUC-KR, CP949, ISO-2022-KR, JOHAB

Armenian

ARMSCII-8

Georgian

Georgian-Academy, Georgian-PS

Tajik

KOI8-T

Kazakh

PT154, RK1048

Thai

ISO-8859-11, TIS-620, CP874, MacThai

Laotian

MuleLao-1, CP1133

Vietnamese

VISCII, TCVN, CP1258

Platform specifics

HP-ROMAN8, NEXTSTEP

Full Unicode

UTF-8?
UCS-2, UCS-2BE, UCS-2LE?
UCS-4, UCS-4BE, UCS-4LE?
UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE?
UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF-32LE?
UTF-7?
C99, JAVA

Full Unicode, in terms of?uint16_t?or?uint32_t?(with machine dependent endianness and alignment)

UCS-2-INTERNAL, UCS-4-INTERNAL

Locale dependent, in terms of `char' or `wchar_t' (with machine dependent endianness and alignment, and with OS and locale dependent semantics)

char, wchar_t?
The empty encoding name "" is equivalent to "char": it denotes the locale dependent character encoding.

When configured with the option?--enable-extra-encodings, it also provides support for a few extra encodings:

European languages

CP{437,737,775,852,853,855,857,858,860,861,863,865,869,1125}

Semitic languages

CP864

Japanese

EUC-JISX0213, Shift_JISX0213, ISO-2022-JP-3

Chinese

BIG5-2003 (experimental)

Turkmen

TDS565

Platform specifics

ATARIST, RISCOS-LATIN1

It can convert from any of these encodings to any other, through Unicode conversion.

It has also some limited support for transliteration, i.e. when a character cannot be represented in the target character set, it can be approximated through one or several similarly looking characters. Transliteration is activated when "//TRANSLIT" is appended to the target encoding name.

[參考]iconv
http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/documentation/libiconv/iconv.1.html
http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/

[參考]iconv實現通用語言編碼轉換
http://www.yuanma.org/data/2008/0503/article_3025.htm

[參考]linux下字符集編碼轉換輕松實現?
http://blog.csdn.net/hnhbdss/archive/2007/11/30/1909456.aspx