實現Web服務器之間使用同一個MYSQL和相同的網頁配置文件的方法

發布時間：2020-04-15 16:42:41

來源：億速云

閱讀：133

作者：三月

欄目：數據庫

億速云負載均衡(Cloud Load Balancer)是對多臺云服務器進行流量分發的服務。億速云負載均衡可以通過流量分發擴展應用系統對外的服務能力，通過消除單點故障提升應用系統的可用性。億速云負載均衡服務通過設置虛擬服務地址(VIP)，將位于同一地域的多臺云服務器資源虛擬成一個高性能、高可用的應用服務池。根據應用指定的方式，將來自客戶端的網絡請求分發到云服務器池中。億速云負載均衡服務會檢查云服務器池中云服務器實例的健康狀態，自動隔離異常狀態的實例，從而解決了云服務器的單點問題，同時提高了應用的整體服務能力。今天億速云給大家介紹下實現Web服務器之間使用同一個MYSQL和相同的網頁配置文件的方法

前言：

用NFS、LAMP、BIND結合的方法，應對網絡中訪問量增大而導致云服務器負載運行的情況。以實現Web服務器之間使用同一個MYSQL和相同的網頁配置文件。

實驗環境：

HostNameIP規劃

nfs.preferred.com192.168.1.6NFS

ns.preferred.com192.168.1.5

mysql.preferred.com192.168.1.4MYSQL

www.preferred.com192.168.1.3WEB

www.preferred.com192.168.1.2WEB

實驗拓撲：

實驗步驟：

一、搭建NFS以下操作在nfs.preferred.com服務器上實現[root@localhost?~]#?yum?install?nfs-utils?-y????

[root@localhost?~]#?rpm?-qa?|?grep?nfs-utils?--color

nfs-utils-1.2.3-39.el6.x86_64

創建共享目錄并配置nfs文件[root@localhost~]#?mkdir?/mydata

[root@localhost~]#?mkdir?/webdata

[root@localhost~]#?cd?/webdata/

[root@localhost?webdata]#?unzip?wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip?&>?/dev/null

[root@localhost?webdata]#?chmod?-R?777?wordpress

[root@localhost?webdata]#?ls?-l

drwxrwxrwx?5?root?root????4096?Oct?11??2016?wordpress

-rw-r--r--?1?root?root?4372680?Oct?11??2016?wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip

[root@localhost?webdata]#?vim?/etc/exports

/mydata?????????192.168.1.4(rw,no_root_squash)

/webdata????????192.168.1.2(rw,no_root_squash)?192.168.1.3(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@localhost?~]#?service?rpcbind?start

注：rpcbind是一個RPC服務，主要是在nfs共享的時候負責通知客戶端、服務器nfs端口號。

[root@localhost?~]#?service?nfs?start

Starting?NFS?services:?????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]

Starting?NFS?quotas:???????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]

Starting?NFS?mountd:???????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]

Starting?NFS?daemon:???????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]

Starting?RPC?idmapd:???????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]

[root@localhost?~]#?showmount?-e?192.168.1.6????

Export?list?for?192.168.1.6:

/webdata?192.168.1.3,192.168.1.2

/mydata??192.168.1.4

二、搭建DNS以下操作在ns.preferred.com服務器上實現[root@localhost?~]#?yum?install?bind?-y?|?tail?-n?5

Installed:

bind.x86_64?32:9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6_8.1

Complete!

[root@localhost?~]#?vim?/etc/named.rfc1912.zones?????

zone?"preferred.com"?IN?{

type?master;

file?"preferred.com.zone";

};

zone?"1.168.192.in-addr.arpa"?IN?{

type?master;

file?"192.168.1.5.zone";

};

[root@localhost?~]#?vim?/var/named/preferred.com.zone?????

$TTL?86400

$ORIGIN?preferred.com.

@???????IN??????SOA?????ns.preferred.com?admin.preferred.com?(

2016101001

1D

5M

7D

1D?)

IN??????NS??????ns

ns??????IN??????A???????192.168.1.5

www?????IN??????A???????192.168.1.2

www?????IN??????A???????192.168.1.3

nfs?????IN??????A???????192.168.1.6

[root@localhost?~]#?vim?/var/named/192.168.1.5.zone?????

$TTL?86400

@???????IN??????SOA?????ns.preferred.com.?admin.preferred.com?(

2016101001

1H

5M

7D

1D?)

IN??????NS??????ns.preferred.com.

5???????IN??????PTR?????ns.preferred.com.

2???????IN??????PTR?????www.preferred.com.

3???????IN??????PTR?????www.preferred.com.

6???????IN??????PTR?????nfs.preferred.com.

[root@localhost?~]#?systemctl?restart?named

[root@localhost?~]#?dig?-t?A?www.preferred.com?@192.168.1.5????

;?<<>>?DiG?9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7_2.4?<<>>?-t?A?www.preferred.com?@192.168.1.5

;;?global?options:?+cmd

;;?Got?answer:

;;?->>HEADER<

;;?flags:?qr?aa?rd?ra;?QUERY:?1,?ANSWER:?2,?AUTHORITY:?1,?ADDITIONAL:?2

;;?OPT?PSEUDOSECTION:

;?EDNS:?version:?0,?flags:;?udp:?4096

;;?QUESTION?SECTION:

;www.preferred.com.INA

;;?ANSWER?SECTION:

www.preferred.com.86400INA192.168.1.2

www.preferred.com.86400INA192.168.1.3

;;?AUTHORITY?SECTION:

preferred.com.86400INNSns.preferred.com.

;;?ADDITIONAL?SECTION:

ns.preferred.com.86400INA192.168.1.5

;;?Query?time:?0?msec

;;?SERVER:?192.168.1.5#53(192.168.1.5)

;;?WHEN:?Tue?Oct?11?04:22:36?EDT?2016

;;?MSG?SIZE??rcvd:?111

[root@localhost?~]#?dig?-x?192.168.1.2?@192.168.1.5????

;?<<>>?DiG?9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7_2.4?<<>>?-x?192.168.1.2?@192.168.1.5

;;?global?options:?+cmd

;;?Got?answer:

;;?->>HEADER<

;;?flags:?qr?aa?rd?ra;?QUERY:?1,?ANSWER:?1,?AUTHORITY:?1,?ADDITIONAL:?2

;;?OPT?PSEUDOSECTION:

;?EDNS:?version:?0,?flags:;?udp:?4096

;;?QUESTION?SECTION:

;2.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.INPTR

;;?ANSWER?SECTION:

2.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.?86400INPTRwww.preferred.com.

;;?AUTHORITY?SECTION:

1.168.192.in-addr.arpa.86400INNSns.preferred.com.

;;?ADDITIONAL?SECTION:

ns.preferred.com.86400INA192.168.1.5

;;?Query?time:?0?msec

;;?SERVER:?192.168.1.5#53(192.168.1.5)

;;?WHEN:?Tue?Oct?11?04:23:57?EDT?2016

;;?MSG?SIZE??rcvd:?117

三、搭建MYSQL以下操作在mysql.preferred.com服務器上實現[root@localhost?~]#?mkdir?/mydata/

[root@localhost?~]#?mount?-t?nfs?192.168.1.6:/mydata/?/mydata/????

[root@localhost?~]#?groupadd?-r?mysql????

[root@localhost?~]#?useradd?-r?-g?mysql?-s?/sbin/nologin?mysql

[root@localhost?~]#?cd?/usr/local/

[root@localhost?local]#?ln?-sv?/root/mariadb-5.5.43-linux-x86_64?mysql

"mysql"?->?"/root/mariadb-5.5.43-linux-x86_64"

[root@localhost?local]#?cd?mysql/

[root@localhost?mysql]#?ls

bin??????COPYING.LESSER??EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT??INSTALL-BINARY??man?????????README???share??????support-files

COPYING??data????????????include????????????lib?????????????mysql-test??scripts??sql-bench

[root@localhost?mysql]#?./scripts/mysql_install_db?--user=mysql?--datadir=/mydata/????

Installing?MariaDB/MySQL?system?tables?in?'/mydata'?...

161010?13:33:59?[Note]?./bin/mysqld?(mysqld?5.5.43-MariaDB)?starting?as?process?2183?...

OK

Filling?help?tables...

161010?13:33:59?[Note]?./bin/mysqld?(mysqld?5.5.43-MariaDB)?starting?as?process?2191?...

OK

...

[root@localhost?mysql]#?ls?/mydata/????

aria_log.00000001??aria_log_control??mysql??performance_schema??test

[root@localhost?mysql]#?mkdir?/etc/mysql/

[root@localhost?mysql]#?cp?support-files/my-large.cnf?/etc/mysql/my.cnf

[root@localhost?mysql]#?vim?/etc/mysql/my.cnf????

datadir?=?/mydata

innodb_file_per_table?=?on

skip_name_resolve?=?on

[root@localhost?mysql]#?service?mysqld?start

Starting?MySQL...??????????????????????????????????????????[確定]

[root@localhost?mysql]#?ss?-tnl?|?grep?3306????

LISTEN?????0??????50????????????????????????*:3306?????????????????????*:*???????????????????????*:*

[root@localhost?mysql]#?mysql

-bash:?mysql:?command?not?found

注：嘗試登陸MYSQL卻報錯，不要緊張。這是因為/usr/local/bin目錄下確實mysql導致，只需要建立一個軟連接即可解決。

[root@localhost?~]#?ln?-sv?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql?/usr/bin/

"/usr/bin/mysql"?->?"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql"

[root@localhost?~]#?mysql????

Welcome?to?the?MariaDB?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g.

Your?MariaDB?connection?id?is?115

Server?version:?5.5.43-MariaDB-log?MariaDB?Server

Copyright?(c)?2000,?2015,?Oracle,?MariaDB?Corporation?Ab?and?others.

Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement.

MariaDB?[(none)]>?CREATE?DATABASE?pre;

Query?OK,?1?rows?affected?(0.00?sec)

MariaDB?[(none)]>?GRANT?ALL?ON?pre.*?TO?'jds'@'%'?IDENTIFIED?BY?'redhat';????

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.01?sec)

MariaDB?[(none)]>?FLUSH?PRIVILEGES;

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.00?sec)

四、搭建WEB以下操作在www.preferred.com(192.168.1.2)服務器上實現[root@localhost?~]#?yum?install?httpd?php-mysql?php?-y?|?tail?-n?10

warning:?rpmts_HdrFromFdno:?Header?V3?RSA/SHA1?Signature,?key?ID?c105b9de:?NOKEY

Importing?GPG?key?0xC105B9DE:

Userid:?CentOS-6?Key?(CentOS?6?Official?Signing?Key)?

Package:?centos-release-6-5.el6.centos.11.1.x86_64?(@anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5)

From:?/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

php-cli.x86_64?0:5.3.3-48.el6_8????php-common.x86_64?0:5.3.3-48.el6_8

php-pdo.x86_64?0:5.3.3-48.el6_8

Updated:

httpd.x86_64?0:2.2.15-54.el6.centos

Dependency?Updated:

httpd-tools.x86_64?0:2.2.15-54.el6.centos

Complete!

[root@localhost?~]#?mkdir?/webdata

[root@localhost?~]#?vim?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf????

ServerName?www.preferred.com:80

ServerName?www.preferred.com

DocumentRoot?/webdata/wordpress

[root@localhost?~]#?service?rpcbind?start

[root@localhost?~]#?mount?-t?nfs?192.168.1.6:/webdata?/webdata

[root@localhost?~]#?ls?/webdata/

wordpress??wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip

[root@localhost?~]#?service?httpd?start

Starting?httpd:????????????????????????????????????????????[??OK??]

接下來安裝wordpress，沒有的話可以自己去下載一個https://wordpress.org/download/[root@localhost?~]#?cd?/webdata/wordpress

[root@localhost?wordpress]#?ls

index.php????????wp-app.php????????????wp-config.php?????????wp-includes????????wp-pass.php??????wp-settings.php

license.txt??????wp-atom.php???????????wp-config-sample.php??wp-links-opml.php??wp-rdf.php???????wp-signup.php

readme.html??????wp-blog-header.php????wp-content????????????wp-load.php????????wp-register.php??wp-trackback.php

wp-activate.php??wp-comments-post.php??wp-cron.php???????????wp-login.php???????wp-rss2.php??????xmlrpc.php

wp-admin?????????wp-commentsrss2.php???wp-feed.php???????????wp-mail.php????????wp-rss.php

[root@localhost?wordpress]#?cp?wp-config-sample.php?wp-config.php????

[root@localhost?wordpress]#?vim?wp-config.php

//?**?MySQL?設置?-?具體信息來自您正在使用的主機?**?//

/**?WordPress?數據庫的名稱?*/

define('DB_NAME',?'pre');????

/**?MySQL?數據庫用戶名?*/

define('DB_USER',?'jds');

/**?MySQL?數據庫密碼?*/

define('DB_PASSWORD',?'redhat');

/**?MySQL?主機?*/

define('DB_HOST',?'192.168.1.4');

/**?創建數據表時默認的文字編碼?*/

define('DB_CHARSET',?'utf8');

/**?數據庫整理類型。如不確定請勿更改?*/

define('DB_COLLATE',?'');

[root@localhost?~]#?mysql?-ujds?-predhat?-h?192.168.1.4????

ERROR?2003?(HY000):?Can't?connect?to?MySQL?server?on?'192.168.1.4'?(113)

注：遇到這個問題怎么個人都不好了，在MYSQL服務器上取消防火墻也不行。所以嘗試在MYSQL服務器的防火墻上加上端口的允許。

[root@localhost?~]#?iptables?-L?-n?|?grep?3306

[root@localhost?~]#?iptables?-I?INPUT?-s?0/0?-p?tcp?--dport?3306?-j?ACCEPT

[root@localhost?mysql]#?iptables?-L?-n?|?grep?3306

ACCEPT?????tcp??--??0.0.0.0/0????????????0.0.0.0/0???????????tcp?dpt:3306

[root@localhost?~]#?mysql?-ujds?-predhat?-h?192.168.1.4????

Welcome?to?the?MariaDB?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g.

Your?MariaDB?connection?id?is?116

Server?version:?5.5.43-MariaDB-log?MariaDB?Server

Copyright?(c)?2000,?2015,?Oracle,?MariaDB?Corporation?Ab?and?others.

Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement.

MariaDB?[(none)]>?SHOW?DATABASES;

+--------------------+

|?Database???????????|

+--------------------+

|?information_schema?|

|?mysql??????????????|

|?performance_schema?|

|?pre????????????????|????

|?test???????????????|

+--------------------+

5?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

測試訪問正常！！！

以下操作在www.preferred.com(192.168.1.3)服務器上實現[root@localhost?~]#?yum?install?httpd?php-mysql?php?-y

[root@localhost?~]#?mkdir?/webdata

[root@localhost?~]#?vim?/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf????

ServerName?www.preferred.com:80

ServerName?www.preferred.com

DocumentRoot?/webdata/wordpress

[root@localhost?~]#?service?rpcbind?start

[root@localhost?~]#?mount?-t?nfs?192.168.1.6:/webdata?/webdata

[root@localhost?~]#?ls?/webdata/

wordpress??wordpress-3.2.1-zh_CN.zip

[root@localhost?~]#?service?httpd?start

Starting?httpd:

[??OK??]

先用WEB(192.168.1.3)進行測試。發布一條文章

用WEB(192.168.1.2)進行測試。現在訪問看看

看到了在WEB(192.168.1.3)上發布的文章，我們在WEB(192.168.1.2)上也發布一篇

最后我們在WEB(192.168.1.3)上查看

至此，我們實驗的目的已經達到。

如果大家還有什么地方需要了解的可以在億速云官網找我們的專業技術工程師的，億速云技術工程師在行業內擁有十幾年的經驗了，所以會比小編回答的更加詳細專業。億速云官網鏈接www.yisu.com