一、Key-Value Coding (KVC)鍵值編碼
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KVC,即是指?NSKeyValueCoding,一個非正式的 Protocol,提供一種機制來間接訪問對象的屬性。KVO 就是基于 KVC 實現的關鍵技術之一。
一個對象擁有某些屬性。比如說,一個 Person 對象有一個 name 和一個 age 屬性。以 KVC 說法,Person 對象分別有一個 value 對應他的 name 和 age?的 key。 key 只是一個字符串,它對應的值可以是任意類型的對象。從最基礎的層次上看,KVC 有兩個方法:一個是設置 key 的值,另一個是獲取 key 的值。如下面的例子:
// using the KVC accessor (getter) method-valueForKeNSString *personlName = [p valueForKey:@"name"];// using the KVC accessor (setter) method.-setValue: forKey:[p setValue:newName forKey:@"name"];
現在,如果 Person 有另外一個 key 配偶(spouse),spouse 的 key 值是另一個 Person 對象,用 KVC 可以這樣寫:
// just using the accessor again, same as example aboveNSString *personsName = [p valueForKey:@"name"];// this line is different, because it is using// a "key path" instead of a normal "key"NSString *spousesName = [p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];
valueForKey 與 valueForKeyPath 要區分開來,valueForKey 可以從一個對象中獲取值,而valueForKeyPath可以將多個 key 用點號 “.” 分割連接起來,比如:
[p valueForKeyPath:@
"spouse.name"
];等同于[[p valueForKey:@
"spouse"
] valueForKey:@
"name"
];
二、Key-Value Observing (KVO)鍵值觀察
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Key-Value Observing (KVO) 建立在 KVC 之上,它能夠觀察一個對象的 KVC key path 值的變化。舉個例子,用代碼觀察一個 person 對象的 age 變化,以下是實現的三個方法:
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- watchPersonForChangeOfAddress: 實現觀察
- observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: 在被觀察的 key path 的值變化時調用。
- dealloc 停止觀察
static NSString *const KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED = @"KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED"@implementation PersonWatcher-(void) watchPersonForChangeOfAddress:(Person *)p {// this begins the observing添加鍵值監聽事件 [p addObserver:selfforKeyPath:@"address"options:0context:KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED];// keep a record of all the people being observed,// because we need to stop observing them in dealloc [m_observedPeople addObject:p]; }// whenever an observed key path changes, this method will be called - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPathofObject:(id)objectchange:(NSDictionary *)changecontext:(void *)context{// use the context to make sure this is a change in the address,// because we may also be observing other things-鍵值改變時對應的操作if(context == KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED) {NSString *name = [object valueForKey:@"name"];NSString *address = [object valueForKey:@"address"];NSLog(@"%@ has a new address: %@", name, address);} }-(void) dealloc; {// must stop observing everything before this object is// deallocated, otherwise it will cause crashes-在銷毀的時候移除鍵值監聽for(Person *p in m_observedPeople){[p removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"address"];}[m_observedPeople release];m_observedPeople = nil;[super dealloc];}
這就是 KVO 的作用,它通過 key path 觀察對象的值,當值發生變化的時候會收到通知。
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