Android系統帶的傳感器有很多種,最常見的莫過于微信的搖一搖了,那么今天我們就來看看Anroid中傳感器的使用,做一個類似于微信搖一搖的效果。
OK ,廢話不多說,我們就先來看看效果圖吧:
當我搖動手機的時候這里的動畫效果基本和微信上的動畫效果一致,這里請大家自行腦補微信搖一搖畫面。
那我們就動手吧。
1.布局文件
好,那我們先來看看布局文件吧,在布局文件的正中央是一個花的圖片,上圖大家看到的手機圖片實際上是兩張圖片拼接在一起,將花的那張圖片遮住了,當搖一搖的時候,這兩張圖片分別向上或者向下移動,然后花的圖片就可以顯示出來。OK,基本原理就是這樣,我們來看看代碼:
- <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>??
- <RelativeLayout??
- ????xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"??
- ????xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"??
- ????android:layout_width="match_parent"??
- ????android:layout_height="match_parent"??
- ????android:background="#1f1f1f">??
- ??
- ????<ImageView??
- ????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"??
- ????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
- ????????android:src="@drawable/flower"/>??
- ??
- ????<LinearLayout??
- ????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"??
- ????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
- ????????android:layout_centerInParent="true"??
- ????????android:orientation="vertical">??
- ??
- ????????<ImageView??
- ????????????android:id="@+id/up"??
- ????????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"??
- ????????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
- ????????????android:src="@drawable/up"/>??
- ??
- ????????<ImageView??
- ????????????android:id="@+id/down"??
- ????????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"??
- ????????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"??
- ????????????android:src="@drawable/down"/>??
- ????</LinearLayout>??
- </RelativeLayout>??
2.傳感器監聽手機晃動
既然要監聽手機加速度的變化,那我首先需要獲取系統的傳感器:
- //獲取到一個傳感器管理器??
- ????????sensorManager?=?(SensorManager)?getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);??
- ????????//獲得一個加速度傳感器??
- ????????Sensor?sensor?=?sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);??
這兩行代碼首先是獲取一個傳感器管理器,然后獲取加速度傳感器,因為關于傳感器的API 有很多,這里你需要指明自己要獲取的是哪一個傳感器。拿到傳感器之后,需要注冊監聽,如下:
- sensorManager.registerListener(listener,?sensor,?SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);??
注冊傳感器的監聽一共需要三個參數,第一個是監聽器,第二個是加速度傳感器,第三個是傳感器的靈敏度,傳感器的靈敏度一共分為四級,如下,從上往下靈敏度依次降低:
1. SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST
2. SENSOR_DELAY_GAME
3. SENSOR_DELAY_UI
4. SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL
OK ,注冊完之后,我們還是來看看這個監聽器是什么吧:
- private?SensorEventListener?listener?=?new?SensorEventListener()?{??
- ????????//當手機的加速度發生變化時調用??
- ????????@Override??
- ????????public?void?onSensorChanged(SensorEvent?event)?{??
- ????????????//獲取手機在不同方向上加速度的變化??
- ????????????float?valuesX?=?Math.abs(event.values[0]);??
- ????????????float?valuesY?=?Math.abs(event.values[1]);??
- ????????????float?valuesZ?=?Math.abs(event.values[2]);??
- ??
- ????????????if?(valuesX?>?17?||?valuesY?>?17?||?valuesZ?>?17)?{??
- ????????????????startAnimation();??
- ????????????????playSound();??
- ????????????}??
- ????????}??
- ??
- ????????@Override??
- ????????public?void?onAccuracyChanged(Sensor?sensor,?int?accuracy)?{??
- ??
- ????????}??
- ????};??
這個listener中一共就兩個方法,一個是當手機的加速度發生改變的時候調用,還有一個是當傳感器的靈敏度發生改變的時候調用,當手機的加速度發生改變的時候,我們可以獲取到手機在X 、Y、Z 三個維度上的變化值,拿到這個值之后,我們只需要進行簡單的比較即可,如果有任意一個方向的值大于17,則認為有人在晃動手機,這個時候開啟動畫和聲音的播放。
3.開啟動畫和聲音
動畫實際上就是兩個平移動畫,我們來看看:
- private?void?startAnimation()?{??
- ????//如果兩次晃動手機的時間小于1秒,則只執行一次動畫??
- ????long?currentTimeMillis?=?System.currentTimeMillis();??
- ????if?(currentTimeMillis?-?lastTime?<?1000)?{??
- ????????return;??
- ????}??
- ????lastTime?=?currentTimeMillis;??
- ????AnimationSet?upSet?=?new?AnimationSet(true);??
- ????TranslateAnimation?upUp?=?new?TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,??
- ????????????0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?-1);??
- ????upUp.setDuration(1000);??
- ????TranslateAnimation?upDown?=?new?TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,??
- ????????????0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?1);??
- ????upDown.setDuration(1000);??
- ????upDown.setStartOffset(1000);??
- ????upSet.addAnimation(upUp);??
- ????upSet.addAnimation(upDown);??
- ????up.startAnimation(upSet);??
- ????AnimationSet?downSet?=?new?AnimationSet(true);??
- ????TranslateAnimation?downUp?=?new?TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,??
- ????????????0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?1);??
- ????downUp.setDuration(1000);??
- ????TranslateAnimation?downDown?=?new?TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,??
- ????????????0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?-1);??
- ????downDown.setDuration(1000);??
- ????downDown.setStartOffset(1000);??
- ????downSet.addAnimation(downUp);??
- ????downSet.addAnimation(downDown);??
- ????down.startAnimation(downSet);??
- }??
至于聲音,由于我這里只是播放比較短小的音效而已,所以并沒有必要使用MediaPlayer,我可以通過一個聲音池來解決這個問題,代碼如下:
- /**?
- ?*?初始化聲音池?
- ?*/??
- private?void?initSoundPool()?{??
- ????if?(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT?>?20)?{??
- ????????SoundPool.Builder?builder?=?new?SoundPool.Builder();??
- ????????//1.最大并發流數??
- ????????builder.setMaxStreams(3);??
- ????????AudioAttributes.Builder?aaBuilder?=?new?AudioAttributes.Builder();??
- ????????aaBuilder.setLegacyStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);??
- ????????builder.setAudioAttributes(aaBuilder.build());??
- ????????soundPool?=?builder.build();??
- ????}?else?{??
- ????????soundPool?=?new?SoundPool(3,?AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC,?0);??
- ????}??
- ????//加載一個音頻文件??
- ????sound1?=?soundPool.load(this,?R.raw.awe,?1);??
- }??
在創建一個聲音池的時候我采取了兩種不同的方案,如果系統的版本大于20,則是用第一種方式獲取聲音池,否則使用第二種方式獲取聲音池。獲取聲音池之后,再通過聲音池加載一個音頻文件。加載完成之后,我就可以對這個音頻文件進行播放了,如下:
- //1.聲音的id??
- //2.3.表示左右聲道的音量??
- //4.優先級??
- //5.是否循環??
- //6.聲音播放速率??
- soundPool.play(sound1,?1,?1,?0,?0,?1);??
每個參數的含義都寫的很清楚了,大家又不清楚的地方可以直接看源碼,這里的源碼注釋很好懂。
?
最后一步就是開啟手機震動了,開啟手機震動,我需要首先獲取震動服務,如下:
- //獲取手機震動服務??
- ???????vibrator?=?(Vibrator)?getSystemService(VIBRATOR_SERVICE);??
然后調用Vibrator類中的vibrator方法執行震動,如下:
- //1.表示震動的節奏off/on/off/on/off/on......??
- ????????//2.表示是否重復震動,-1表示不重復??
- ????????vibrator.vibrate(new?long[]{100,?200,?100,?200,?100,?200},?-1);??
手機震動一定要記得添加震動權限哦,如下:
- <uses-permission?android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE"?/>??
OK ,最后,在銷毀Activity的時候要解除對傳感器的監聽,同時釋放聲音池資源,如下:
- @Override??
- protected?void?onDestroy()?{??
- ????super.onDestroy();??
- ????//解除對加速度傳感器的監聽??
- ????sensorManager.unregisterListener(listener);??
- ????if?(soundPool?!=?null)?{??
- ????????//聲音池釋放資源??
- ????????soundPool.release();??
- ????}??
- }??
完整的Activity 代碼如下:
- public?class?MainActivity?extends?AppCompatActivity?{??
- ????private?ImageView?up;??
- ????private?ImageView?down;??
- ????//上一次晃動手機的時間??
- ????private?long?lastTime;??
- ????private?SoundPool?soundPool;??
- ????private?int?sound1;??
- ????private?Vibrator?vibrator;??
- ????private?SensorEventListener?listener?=?new?SensorEventListener()?{??
- ????????//當手機的加速度發生變化時調用??
- ????????@Override??
- ????????public?void?onSensorChanged(SensorEvent?event)?{??
- ????????????//獲取手機在不同方向上加速度的變化??
- ????????????float?valuesX?=?Math.abs(event.values[0]);??
- ????????????float?valuesY?=?Math.abs(event.values[1]);??
- ????????????float?valuesZ?=?Math.abs(event.values[2]);??
- ??
- ????????????if?(valuesX?>?17?||?valuesY?>?17?||?valuesZ?>?17)?{??
- ????????????????startAnimation();??
- ????????????????playSound();??
- ????????????}??
- ????????}??
- ??
- ????????@Override??
- ????????public?void?onAccuracyChanged(Sensor?sensor,?int?accuracy)?{??
- ??
- ????????}??
- ????};??
- ????private?SensorManager?sensorManager;??
- ??
- ????private?void?playSound()?{??
- ????????//1.聲音的id??
- ????????//2.3.表示左右聲道的音量??
- ????????//4.優先級??
- ????????//5.是否循環??
- ????????//6.聲音播放速率??
- ????????soundPool.play(sound1,?1,?1,?0,?0,?1);??
- ????????//手機震動??
- ????????//1.表示震動的節奏off/on/off/on/off/on......??
- ????????//2.表示是否重復震動,-1表示不重復??
- ????????vibrator.vibrate(new?long[]{100,?200,?100,?200,?100,?200},?-1);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????private?void?startAnimation()?{??
- ????????//如果兩次晃動手機的時間小于1秒,則只執行一次動畫??
- ????????long?currentTimeMillis?=?System.currentTimeMillis();??
- ????????if?(currentTimeMillis?-?lastTime?<?1000)?{??
- ????????????return;??
- ????????}??
- ????????lastTime?=?currentTimeMillis;??
- ????????AnimationSet?upSet?=?new?AnimationSet(true);??
- ????????TranslateAnimation?upUp?=?new?TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,??
- ????????????????0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?-1);??
- ????????upUp.setDuration(1000);??
- ????????TranslateAnimation?upDown?=?new?TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,??
- ????????????????0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?1);??
- ????????upDown.setDuration(1000);??
- ????????upDown.setStartOffset(1000);??
- ????????upSet.addAnimation(upUp);??
- ????????upSet.addAnimation(upDown);??
- ????????up.startAnimation(upSet);??
- ????????AnimationSet?downSet?=?new?AnimationSet(true);??
- ????????TranslateAnimation?downUp?=?new?TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,??
- ????????????????0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?1);??
- ????????downUp.setDuration(1000);??
- ????????TranslateAnimation?downDown?=?new?TranslateAnimation(TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,??
- ????????????????0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?0,?TranslateAnimation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,?-1);??
- ????????downDown.setDuration(1000);??
- ????????downDown.setStartOffset(1000);??
- ????????downSet.addAnimation(downUp);??
- ????????downSet.addAnimation(downDown);??
- ????????down.startAnimation(downSet);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????@Override??
- ????protected?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)?{??
- ????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);??
- ????????setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);??
- ????????up?=?((ImageView)?findViewById(R.id.up));??
- ????????down?=?((ImageView)?findViewById(R.id.down));??
- ????????initSensor();??
- ????????initSoundPool();??
- ????????//獲取手機震動服務??
- ????????vibrator?=?(Vibrator)?getSystemService(VIBRATOR_SERVICE);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?初始化聲音池?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?void?initSoundPool()?{??
- ????????if?(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT?>?20)?{??
- ????????????SoundPool.Builder?builder?=?new?SoundPool.Builder();??
- ????????????//1.最大并發流數??
- ????????????builder.setMaxStreams(3);??
- ????????????AudioAttributes.Builder?aaBuilder?=?new?AudioAttributes.Builder();??
- ????????????aaBuilder.setLegacyStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);??
- ????????????builder.setAudioAttributes(aaBuilder.build());??
- ????????????soundPool?=?builder.build();??
- ????????}?else?{??
- ????????????soundPool?=?new?SoundPool(3,?AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC,?0);??
- ????????}??
- ????????//加載一個音頻文件??
- ????????sound1?=?soundPool.load(this,?R.raw.awe,?1);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????/**?
- ?????*?初始化傳感器?
- ?????*/??
- ????private?void?initSensor()?{??
- ????????//獲取到一個傳感器管理器??
- ????????sensorManager?=?(SensorManager)?getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);??
- ????????//獲得一個加速度傳感器??
- ????????Sensor?sensor?=?sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);??
- ????????//注冊傳感器監聽,??
- ????????//1.監聽器??
- ????????//2.加速度傳感器??
- ????????//3.傳感器靈敏度??
- ????????//傳感器靈敏度分為四級,從上往下靈敏度依次降低??
- ????????//SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST??
- ????????//SENSOR_DELAY_GAME??
- ????????//SENSOR_DELAY_UI??
- ????????//SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL??
- ????????sensorManager.registerListener(listener,?sensor,?SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_GAME);??
- ????}??
- ??
- ????@Override??
- ????protected?void?onDestroy()?{??
- ????????super.onDestroy();??
- ????????//解除對加速度傳感器的監聽??
- ????????sensorManager.unregisterListener(listener);??
- ????????if?(soundPool?!=?null)?{??
- ????????????//聲音池釋放資源??
- ????????????soundPool.release();??
- ????????}??
- ????}??
- }??
以上。
?