Constructive criticism, or more plainly, feedback, plays a crucial role in a designer’s job. Design is an iterative process, so we are often either asking for feedback on our own work or dishing it out to a fellow designer.

建設性的批評，或更明確地說，是反饋，在設計師的工作中起著至關重要的作用。 設計是一個反復的過程，因此我們經常要征求對自己工作的反饋，或者將其發給其他設計師。

It can take a lot of practice to be able to give criticism that is honest and constructive without coming off as pretentious or harsh. Learning to receive criticism can sometimes be even harder, especially when it can be so easy to get attached to your work. By following these simple guidelines, you will be able to properly engage with other designers in giving and receiving constructive criticism.

能夠進行誠實而富有建設性的批評而又不會冒昧或苛刻，可能需要大量的實踐。 學會接受批評有時會更加困難，尤其是當它容易被您的工作所吸引時。 通過遵循這些簡單的準則，您將能夠與其他設計師進行適當的交流，以給予和接受建設性的批評。

提出建設性批評 (Giving constructive criticism)

問問題 (Ask questions)

Often when we are asked to give feedback on someone’s work, it can be tempting to rush to give our advice. After all, they asked for our opinion and we want to give it to them. But by giving criticism without any context, our feedback can potentially be destructive instead of constructive.

通常，當我們被要求對某人的工作提供反饋時，可能會急于提出我們的建議。 畢竟，他們征求了我們的意見，我們希望將其給予他們。 但是，通過在沒有任何上下文的情況下提出批評，我們的反饋可能具有破壞性，而不是建設性。

Stop for a minute and ask some questions. Understand what the project is about and why they made the decisions that they did. By stopping to learn about the designer’s point of view, it allows us to get a better sense of what obstacles they encountered. With that information, your feedback will be more impactful when you’re giving it.

停一分鐘，問一些問題。 了解項目的內容以及他們做出決定的原因。 通過停下來了解設計師的觀點，它使我們可以更好地了解他們遇到的障礙。 有了這些信息，您在提供反饋時就會更有影響力。

結構體 (Structure)

If you’re not sure how to begin giving your feedback, use the Compliment Sandwich technique. It’s a three-step process designed to help soften the impact of giving constructive criticism by sandwiching it between two compliments.

如果您不確定如何開始提供反饋，請使用Compliment Sandwich技術 。 這是一個分為三個步驟的過程，旨在通過將其夾在兩個恭維之間來幫助減輕建設性批評的影響。

1. Compliment: Begin by complimenting something about their work that you like. Even if you find it hard to compliment anything about their design, there is always something encouraging that you can say about their approach, their effort or design direction.

   贊美：首先贊美您喜歡的工作。 即使您發現很難贊美他們的設計，也總是有一些令人鼓舞的地方，您可以說出他們的方法，他們的努力或設計方向。

2. Constructive criticism: Take a moment to think about what you’re going to say and how you will deliver it. Ensure that your feedback is succinct so that you don’t start rambling. Pick out the things that you think could use improvement, think about how to explain your thoughts in a clear way and then address them one at a time.

   建設性批評：花點時間思考一下您要說的話以及如何實現。 確保您的反饋是簡潔的，以免您開始漫無目的地。 挑選出您認為可以改進的內容，考慮如何以清晰的方式解釋您的想法，然后一次解決它們。

3. Compliment: Finish off your critique on a positive note. Encourage them to keep up their good work or reiterate your previous compliment. This will leave a good impression in their mind instead of all the negative points that you just brought up.

   夸獎：以正面評價結束您的評論。 鼓勵他們繼續保持良好的工作狀態或重申您以前的稱贊。 這將給他們留下良好的印象，而不是您剛才提到的所有負面觀點。

交貨 (Delivery)

It’s important to watch the tone in which you deliver your criticism so it doesn’t come off as sounding offensive or pretentious. A sentence spoken in two different ways can have completely different meanings. Be patient and understanding when giving feedback, just as you would want them to be if the roles were reversed.

重要的是要注意您發表批評的語氣，以免引起批評或冒犯。 以兩種不同方式說出的句子可能具有完全不同的含義。 提供反饋時要耐心并理解，就像角色被調換時您希望他們那樣。

接受建設性批評 (Receiving constructive criticism)

設置上下文 (Set context)

When you ask for feedback on your work, the other person might not be familiar with the project or process. Always start off by providing them with context, including a general overview of the project, what demographic the user is and any constraints you had during the work.

當您要求對工作進行反饋時，其他人可能不熟悉該項目或過程。 始終從為他們提供上下文開始，包括項目的總體概述，用戶的人口統計信息以及您在工作期間遇到的任何限制。

Also, be specific with your goals and what kind of feedback you’re looking for. If you only want a certain part of the design critiqued, then let them know in advance so that they know what to focus on.

另外，請具體說明您的目標以及所需的反饋。 如果您只想批判設計的某個部分，請提前告知他們，以便他們知道要重點關注什么。

賦予權限 (Give permission)

In my opinion, this may be the most important part about receiving constructive criticism. If you truly want honest feedback, then give the person the permission to say what is on their mind.

我認為，這可能是接受建設性批評的最重要部分。 如果您確實想要誠實的反饋，請允許該人說出他們的想法。

Openly welcome feedback and make them feel as comfortable as possible to speak freely. Often times, people will tiptoe around the things that they think need improvement and provide vague feedback. By only saying positive comments without properly critiquing the design is nothing more than an ego boost and provides no real value to anyone.

公開歡迎反饋，讓他們感到自由說話盡可能自在。 通常，人們會tip著腳走走他們認為需要改進的事情，并提供模糊的反饋。 只說正面評論而不適當批評設計，無非是一種自我提升，對任何人都沒有真正的價值。

Instead, ask them to be intentional and specific about what they point out. Get them to really drill down on the individual elements that they think could use improvement.

相反，請他們故意和具體地指出他們的觀點。 讓他們真正深入研究他們認為可以使用改進的各個元素。

全部拿來 (Take it all in)

Even when we want them to be honest with their thoughts, it can still be hard on our emotions to receive constructive criticism. Understandably, we have put in so much time and effort into our projects. We may have faced some obstacles, such as short timelines or push back from stakeholders, that they aren’t aware of.

即使我們希望他們對自己的思想誠實，也很難接受我們的建設性批評。 可以理解，我們在項目中投入了很多時間和精力。 我們可能遇到了一些障礙，例如時間表短，或者利益相關者不了解他們。

However, the criticism shouldn’t be viewed as a reflection on your skills. There isn’t a right way to approach a design, so any critique you receive should be taken the same way you would receive user feedback. You don’t ask a user to test out a prototype and tell them what they’re doing is wrong. You watch and learn from what they are doing and take notes on how to improve your design.

但是，批評不應被視為對您技能的反映。 沒有正確的方法來進行設計，因此，您收到的任何評論都應以與接收用戶反饋相同的方式對待。 您不要求用戶測試原型并告訴他們他們在做什么是錯誤的。 您可以觀看并從他們的工作中學習，并記下如何改進您的設計。

Whatever you are thinking about while receiving the criticism, hold back all of your thoughts and comments until the end. Meanwhile, focus on taking notes on what they say and keep them going.

收到批評時您在想什么，將所有想法和評論保留到最后。 同時，集中精力記錄他們所說的話，并保持其前進。

謝謝他們 (Thank them)

At the end, thank them for their thoughts and then, if necessary, bring up the comments that you have about their criticism. Make sure you acknowledge that you have considered what they have told you and ask them what they think about your perspective.

最后，感謝他們的想法，然后在必要時提出您對他們的批評的意見。 確保您確認自己已經考慮了他們告訴您的內容，并詢問他們對您的觀點的看法。

You definitely don’t want to turn this into a debate. Even if you don’t agree with some of their points, just thank them for their advice and consider it when informing your design decisions during the next iteration.

您絕對不想將其變成辯論。 即使您不同意他們的某些觀點，也要感謝他們的建議，并在下次迭代中告知您的設計決策時考慮一下。

去哪里進行建設性批評 (Where to go for constructive criticism)

設計平臺 (Design platforms)

Some popular sites to receive feedback on your work are Dribbble and Behance. These are both great places to share your projects in a community of designers. Make sure to explicitly ask for feedback in the comments and give permission for others to critique your work.

Dribbble和Behance是一些可以收到有關您的工作反饋的熱門網站。 這兩個都是在設計師社區中共享項目的好地方。 確保在評論中明確要求反饋，并允許他人批評您的作品。

社交媒體團體 (Social media groups)

Social media is obviously a great alternative to sharing your work as well. There are countless design groups and communities on LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter or Slack that open up the world to give you constructive criticism on your work.

社交媒體顯然是共享工作的絕佳選擇。 LinkedIn，Facebook，Twitter或Slack上有無數的設計團隊和社區，它們為世界打開了大門，使您對自己的作品提出建設性的批評。

Just remember, don’t be selfish. If you ask for feedback on your work, be willing to spend the time to give feedback to others as well. Besides, when you are the one giving the critique, you can often notice details in their work that might affect the way you design in the future.

請記住，不要自私。 如果您需要工作反饋，也愿意花時間向其他人反饋。 此外，當您成為提出批評的人時，您通常會注意到他們工作中的細節，這些細節可能會影響您將來的設計方式。

朋友和非設計師 (Friends and non-designers)

Before turning to any of these online spaces, ask your friends and family. Being close to you, they may be inclined to be supportive of your work and go easy on you. In this case, you might have to really push them to be constructive and rip apart your design.

在使用任何這些在線空間之前，請先詢問您的朋友和家人。 與您親近時，他們可能傾向于支持您的工作并為您輕松做事。 在這種情況下，您可能必須真正推動它們具有建設性，并撕裂您的設計。

Feedback from a non-designer can often be beneficial as they can provide the perspective of a consumer. They may not be able to articulate their thoughts in “design language”, but can point out if a colorway doesn’t seem right or a layout isn’t intuitive. In the end, you’re usually not designing for other designers, so don’t count out your friends and family from giving great constructive criticism.

來自非設計者的反饋通常可以是有益的，因為它們可以提供消費者的觀點。 他們可能無法用“設計語言”表達自己的想法，但是可以指出，如果配色方法看起來不正確或布局不直觀。 最后，您通常不打算為其他設計師設計作品，因此不要指望您的朋友和家人進行有建設性的批評。