Most designers don’t know about accessibility or have misconceptions about it, such as thinking it will hinder their creativity or that it doesn’t apply to their clients. Find out 9 myths about accessibility and why you and your clients should care.

大多數設計師都不了解可訪問性或對此有誤解，例如認為它會阻礙他們的創造力或不適用于他們的客戶。 找出有關可訪問性以及為什么您和您的客戶應該關心的9個神話。

誤解1：輔助功能僅適用于盲人用戶。 (Myth #1: Accessibility only serves blind users.)

Yes, accessibility does serve individuals with blindness. However, in the United States at least, vision-related disabilities, which total about 6.4 million, comprise the smallest portion of all types of disabilities. That number includes other visual conditions besides blindness, such as low vision or color blindness.

是的，可訪問性確實為盲人服務。 但是，至少在美國，與視力相關的殘疾總計約640萬，在所有類型的殘疾中占最小的比例。 該數字包括除失明之外的其他視覺條件，例如低視力或色盲。

Individuals with a hearing-related disability — partial hearing loss or deafness — total about 10.5 million.

患有與聽力有關的殘疾(部分聽力喪失或耳聾)的個人總計約1,050萬人。

The next largest group is those with a neurological or cognitive disability, such as cerebral palsy or dementia. They total almost 15 million.

第二大類是患有神經或認知障礙的人，例如腦癱或癡呆癥。 他們總計近1500萬。

The largest group — at almost 21 million — is those with an ambulatory disability, such as one-sided weakness that occurred as the result of a stroke.

最大的群體-將近2100萬-是那些患有行動不便的人，例如由于中風而導致的單側無力。

That means that approximately 46 million plus a good portion of the visual disability group do not have blindness.

這意味著大約有4,600萬加上視力障礙者中的很大一部分都沒有失明。

Considering worldwide numbers, there are about 1 billion people with a disability.

考慮到全世界的數字，大約有十億殘疾人 。

Also note that someone could have more than one disability, such as deafness and blindness. Or that a disability could be temporary, such as a broken arm, wrist or leg from a car accident. A lot of people don’t think of it this way, and they usually think of blindness and wheelchairs or older people.

還要注意，某人可能有不止一種殘疾，例如耳聾和失明。 或者說殘疾可能是暫時的，例如由于交通事故導致手臂，手腕或腿部受傷。 許多人不這樣想，他們通常會想到失明，輪椅或老年人。

Think about people with a birth defect, people who’ve been in an accident, veterans, people of any age.

考慮一下有先天缺陷的人，發生過事故的人，退伍軍人以及任何年齡的人。

Personally, I know three people, ranging in age from 25 to 45, who have multiple sclerosis. I have friends who are deaf or have dyslexia, one with cerebral palsy, two different ones who are wheelchair users as a result of a spinal cord injury from a car accident when there were teenagers, and one who is legally blind and at one point was the most decorated Paralympic female swimmer in history.

就我個人而言，我知道三個人(年齡在25至45歲之間)患有多發性硬化癥。 我有失聰或患有閱讀障礙的朋友，一個患有腦癱，兩個不同的是青少年時因車禍導致脊髓受傷而坐輪椅的人，還有一個在法律上是盲人的。歷史上裝飾最出色的殘奧會女子游泳運動員。

I grew up with a friend who was born with a birth defect. She had a thumb but no fingers on one hand.

我與一個患有先天缺陷的朋友長大。 她的拇指是一只手，但沒有手指。

I have numerous friends whose children have cognitive disabilities.

我有很多朋友的孩子有認知障礙。

I’m sure I also have friends with color blindness, macular degeneration — or another one that you can’t tell by looking at them that maybe they’ve just never mentioned.

我確定我也有一些患有色盲，黃斑變性的朋友，或者另一個你看不到他們的人，也許他們只是從未提及過。

Many of the disabilities I just mentioned are not even related to vision.

我剛才提到的許多殘疾甚至與視覺都沒有關系。

So, often I hear that because accessibility is all about blindness, which, of course, is incorrect, as I just proved. But I hear that from a lot of designers and developers when they build websites. They think, “I’ll just test the site with a screen reader and then it’s good.”

因此，我經常聽到這是因為可訪問性完全是盲目性，正如我剛剛證明的那樣，盲目性當然是不正確的。 但是，我聽到許多設計師和開發人員在構建網站時的想法。 他們認為，“我只需要使用屏幕閱讀器來測試該站點，然后就可以了。”

But, no, that’s not the case.

但是，不，不是這樣。

You have to test it with the keyboard too, not just a screen reader, although screen readers may be used by not only those with blindness but also individuals with low vision or cognitive disabilities.

您也必須使用鍵盤進行測試，而不僅僅是屏幕閱讀器，盡管屏幕閱讀器不僅可以用于盲人，還可以用于視力低下或認知障礙的人。

誤解2：可訪問性不適用于我的客戶。 (Myth #2: Accessibility doesn’t apply to my clients.)

You might think that your clients need to be governmental agencies or large corporations to be concerned with accessibility or to legally comply with accessibility laws. But did you know that the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) pertains to places of public accommodation.

您可能會認為您的客戶需要是政府機構或大型公司才能關注可訪問性或在法律上遵守可訪問性法律。 但是您是否知道《美國殘疾人法案》(ADA)與公共住宿場所有關。

Some of those are:

其中一些是：

• hotels and restaurants;
  酒店和餐館；
• bakeries and grocery stores;
  面包店和雜貨店;
• clothing and hardware stores;
  服裝和五金店;
• laundromats and dry cleaners;
  自助洗衣店和干洗店；
• banks;
  銀行；
• barber shops and beauty salons;
  理發店和美容院；
• gyms and health spas;
  健身房和健康水療中心；
• travel services;
  旅游服務；
• accountants, lawyers and health care providers;
  會計師，律師和衛生保健提供者；
• public transportation; and
  公共交通工具; 和
• schools.
  學校。

And that’s not even a full list either.

而且那也不是完整列表。

Your clients may assume they don’t serve anyone with a disability — but they do. Clients can’t see who is coming to their website. They can see who comes into their offices but, still, some disabilities are not outwardly obvious. You can’t see if someone has dyslexia or seizure disorder or hearing loss or color blindness, for example.

您的客戶可能會認為他們沒有為任何殘疾人提供服務，但他們確實為殘疾人提供服務。 客戶看不到誰來訪問他們的網站。 他們可以看到誰進入了他們的辦公室，但是，有些殘障并不明顯。 例如，您看不到某人是否患有閱讀障礙或癲癇癥，聽力喪失或色盲。

The only way your clients might find out is if someone contacts them and says they can’t read some of the text on their website. Or they can’t access the navigation with a keyboard, so they can’t get around the site. Or they can’t understand the charts in the annual report because they weren’t designed with colorblind users in mind.

您的客戶可能會發現的唯一方法是，如果有人聯系他們并說他們無法閱讀其網站上的某些文本。 否則他們無法使用鍵盤訪問導航，因此他們無法繞過該站點。 否則他們無法理解年度報告中的圖表，因為它們在設計時并未考慮色盲用戶。

If the website needs to be fixed or rebuilt and you were the one to build it to begin with, that would be embarrassing! The client would wonder why you didn’t bring this up.

如果網站需要修復或重建，而您卻是首先構建它的網站，那將很尷尬！ 客戶會想知道您為什么不提出來。

What if a costly legal claim is made against your client? That could potentially put you on the hook! I’ve heard of several scenarios where this has happened.

如果對您的客戶提出了昂貴的法律訴訟，該怎么辦？ 這可能會使您陷入困境！ 我聽說過發生這種情況的幾種情況。

Implementing accessibility is good for every business. It is definitely your client’s problem if they lose sales because people can’t access their content or if they get a bad reputation for not being inclusive of all users.

實現可訪問性對每個企業都有好處。 如果客戶因為人們無法訪問他們的內容而失去銷售，或者由于不包容所有用戶而聲譽不好，那絕對是您客戶的問題。

Plus, people with a disability are three times as likely to avoid a business that seems to have a negative reputation toward diversity and twice as likely to dissuade others from doing business with them.

此外，殘疾人避免經營似乎對多元化負有聲譽的企業的可能性是其的三倍，而勸阻他人與他人開展業務的可能性是其的兩倍。

Your clients may not even know they’re already losing sales for this reason.

您的客戶可能甚至不知道由于這個原因他們已經在失去銷售。

誤解3：可訪問性很丑。 (Myth #3: Accessibility is ugly.)

I hear this so much from designers. “If I design sites to be accessible, they’ll look ugly. They won’t appeal to people who don’t need accessibility.”

我聽到設計師這么多。 “如果我將網站設計為易于訪問，它們將看起來很丑陋。 他們不會吸引那些不需要輔助功能的人。”

No. A lot of documents and websites are ugly. But that’s because they were poorly designed. Making something accessible has nothing to do with how good it looks.

否。許多文檔和網站都很丑陋。 但這是因為它們的設計不佳。 使某事物可訪問與它的外觀無關。

There’s no single way to style something for accessibility, designwise, so you have lots of options. It could actually force you to challenge yourself creatively.

沒有一種以設計方式為可訪問性設計樣式的方法，因此您有很多選擇。 它實際上可能迫使您創造性地挑戰自己。

誤區4：輔助功能意味著我必須設計深色。 (Myth #4: Accessibility means I have to design with dark colors.)

I’ve hear this one a lot too. But this is not at all the case.

我也聽到過很多。 但這并非完全如此。

One aspect of accessibility involves ensuring sufficient contrast between foreground and background colors for text and many other essential elements, but that doesn’t mean you need to use dark colors.

可訪問性的一方面涉及確保文本和許多其他基本元素的前景色和背景色之間有足夠的對比度，但這并不意味著您需要使用深色。

In fact, if all you used were dark colors, then you couldn’t use them in tandem with one another. It simply all comes down to how they are used.

實際上，如果您使用的只是深色，那么您將無法將它們彼此串聯使用。 一切都歸結為如何使用它們。

Apparently, designers aren’t the only ones who think accessibility means dark colors either. Before creating an accessible email design for a client last year, I asked them to send their color palette. We designed the email with the colors we were provided and made sure the design was accessible.

顯然，并非只有設計師認為可訪問性意味著深色。 在去年為客戶創建可訪問的電子郵件設計之前，我請他們發送其調色板。 我們使用提供的顏色設計了電子郵件，并確保設計可訪問。

The client questioned one of the color combinations that we had used for one of the section’s text and background colors, which had passed contrast checks. I explained that we thought this was the best possible option based on their color palette.

客戶質疑我們用于該部分文本和背景顏色之一的顏色組合，該顏色組合已經通過了對比檢查。 我解釋說，我們認為這是基于其調色板的最佳選擇。

They suddenly mentioned there were other colors in the color palette that they hadn’t sent. What? I asked why. They said they thought those other colors were too light to use.

他們突然提到調色板中還有其他未發送的顏色。 什么？ 我問為什么。 他們說，他們認為其他顏色太淺而無法使用。

So it all depends on how they are used. No, you can’t use a light color against a light background or a dark color against a dark background. But you can use a lighter color against a darker background and vice versa — as long as you check that the contrast requirements are met for essential elements.

因此，這完全取決于它們的使用方式。 不可以，您不能在淺色背景上使用淺色，也不能在深色背景上使用深色。 但是您可以在較暗的背景上使用較淺的顏色，反之亦然-只要您檢查基本元素是否滿足對比度要求即可。

Sometimes you can modify them just a tad — lightening or darkening one of them — to get them to work.

有時，您可以稍加修改即可(使其中之一變亮或變暗)以使它們起作用。

誤解5：無障礙服務僅對殘疾人有幫助。 (Myth #5: Accessibility only helps people with disabilities.)

Most people won’t notice good design or accessibility, but accessibility results in a better design and a better experience for all users.

大多數人不會注意到良好的設計或可訪問性，但是可訪問性為所有用戶帶來了更好的設計和更好的體驗。

This reminds of when I rented an apartment many years ago. It was handicap accessible, to accommodate a wheelchair. I didn’t need that, but that was the only apartment they had available. Well, I loved it! It had extra-wide doorways, which is great, especially for me, since I always bump my shoulders and elbows on doorways. It also had a large bedroom closet and a big bathroom.

這讓我想起了很多年前我租公寓的時候。 方便殘疾人士使用輪椅。 我不需要那個，但是那是他們唯一可用的公寓。 好吧，我喜歡它！ 它有超寬??的門口，這對我來說尤其棒，因為我總是在門口碰我的肩膀和手肘。 它還有一個大臥室壁櫥和一個大浴室。

On the other hand, poor design and functionality will definitely get noticed.

另一方面，不良的設計和功能肯定會引起注意。

I myself do not have a disability, but I can tell you that it boggles my mind when I see hyperlinks that are styled simply as bold text and nothing else. I’m like, where do I go? Is this a hyperlink? I have to try to interact with it to even find out.

我本人沒有殘疾，但是我可以告訴您，當我看到超鏈接被簡單地設置為粗體且沒有其他樣式時，這讓我感到困惑。 我想，我要去哪里？ 這是超鏈接嗎？ 我必須嘗試與之互動才能找到答案。

Or I go to a site with tons of videos that get in my face and I can’t stop them from playing. I bet that annoys you too!

或者，我去了一個網站，里面藏著很多視頻，我無法阻止他們播放。 我敢打賭，這也會惹你生氣！

誤解6：輔助功能昂貴。 (Myth #6: Accessibility is expensive.)

Implementing accessibility costs less and is easier to do when it’s done as part of the design process — whether that’s for branding, a document or a website.

在設計過程中完成可訪問性的成本更低，并且更容易實現，無論是用于品牌，文檔還是網站。

When you think about accessibility at the branding stage, you can plan an appropriate color palette. If you don’t think about this early on, then what happens is that existing colors need to be modified or new ones need to be chosen.

在品牌推廣階段考慮可訪問性時，可以計劃適當的調色板。 如果您不早考慮這一點，那么會發生的事情是，需要修改現有的顏色或選擇新的顏色。

If your client has to redo their marketing materials down the road to make the colors accessible, that will be costly, especially if they need to be reprinted. I mean, you don’t want to have to use a modified color palette for the website and digital documents and the original one for print. That would be inconsistent and not good for branding.

如果您的客戶必須重做其營銷材料以使顏色更容易使用，那將是昂貴的，尤其是在需要重新打印時。 我的意思是，您不需要為網站和數字文檔使用經過修改的調色板，而不必為打印而使用原始調色板。 這將前后矛盾，不利于品牌推廣。

When I remediate InDesign files for creative firms, I often have to modify or swap out colors to get combinations that work for accessibility. Sometimes it’s time consuming. It involves not only checking what works but then considering how these colors will all work in a document. You don’t necessarily want to be too heavy on one color — or you might. But if not, you have to take that into consideration.

在為創意公司修復InDesign文件時，我經常必須修改或換掉顏色才能獲得適用于可訪問性的組合。 有時很費時間。 它不僅涉及檢查什么有效，而且還考慮這些顏色將如何在文檔中全部起作用。 您不一定要在一種顏色上過分沉重，否則您可能會想要。 但是，如果沒有，則必須考慮到這一點。

Also, using best practices in the page layout software goes a long way. If you aren’t using best practices, you aren’t using the software to its potential and you’re slowing down your workflow.

此外，在頁面布局軟件中使用最佳做法還有很長的路要走。 如果您沒有使用最佳實踐，那么您就不會充分利用該軟件的潛力，并且會減慢您的工作流程。

I’ve gotten InDesign files from designers who’ve been in the industry a very long time who do not use best practices. Not only do I have to redo the entire layout properly but then incorporate accessibility. That ends up costing their client more.

我已經從從事該行業很長時間并且不使用最佳實踐的設計師那里獲得了InDesign文件。 我不僅必須正確地重做整個布局，而且還要合并輔助功能。 最終導致他們的客戶花費更多。

Like with documents, with websites, best practices in web development and usability go a long way toward achieving accessibility.

與文檔，網站一樣，Web開發和可用性的最佳實踐對實現可訪問性有很大幫助。

If your client thinks accessibility is expensive, you can tell them that accessibility claims and lawsuits cost much more than that. They can range from $4,000 to $100,000 per claim.

如果您的客戶認為可訪問性昂貴，您可以告訴他們可訪問性索賠和訴訟的成本遠不止這些。 每項索賠的范圍從4,000美元到100,000美元不等。

One person could sue them and they end up being given six months or a year to redo their site, but that doesn’t mean someone else won’t come along and sue them too during that time period.

一個人可以起訴他們，他們最終被要求六個月或一年的時間來重做他們的網站，但這并不意味著在此期間也不會有人來起訴他們。

誤解7：我只會使用自動檢查程序或疊加層。 (Myth #7: I’ll just use an automated checker or overlay.)

I see designers and developers talking online about this all the time — how they’ll just use an automated checker to make sure their documents and websites are accessible.

我看到設計師和開發人員一直在網上談論這件事–他們將如何使用自動檢查器來確保其文檔和網站可訪問。

If you check a PDF document with Acrobat’s Accessibility Checker, it doesn’t mean it’s good to go. It cannot detect all accessibility issues. Testing, manual checks and even some manual work still need to be done in the PDF.

如果您使用Acrobat的輔助功能檢查器檢查PDF文檔，那并不意味著最好。 它無法檢測到所有可訪問性問題。 PDF中仍然需要進行測試，手動檢查，甚至一些手動工作。

When it comes to websites, it’s similar. There is no single automated accessibility tool that can check for every issue. Only about 25% of potential accessibility issues can even be detected by these tools.

當涉及網站時，它是相似的。 沒有單一的自動輔助功能工具可以檢查每個問題。 這些工具甚至只能檢測到大約25％的潛在可訪問性問題。

Not only that, they sometimes give false passing results or flag things that are indeed OK, such as text with sufficient contrast on a background gradient or image.

不僅如此，它們有時還會給出錯誤的通過結果或標記確實可以的結果，例如在背景漸變或圖像上具有足夠對比度的文本。

Then there is the question of whether or not the checker or overlay will properly fix something. For instance, it may find images without an Alt attribute, but a person still needs to determine if that image should have an empty Alt attribute or have Alt-text.

然后是一個問題，檢查器或覆蓋層是否可以正確地修復某些東西。 例如，它可能會找到沒有Alt屬性的圖像，但是仍然需要確定該圖像應具有空的Alt屬性還是具有Alt-text。

If it should have Alt-text, then what will be appropriate? That depends on the image and how it’s being used.

如果它應該具有替代文本，那么什么合適呢？ 這取決于圖像及其使用方式。

So someone who understands accessibility would need to address all of these situations.

因此，了解可訪問性的人將需要解決所有這些情況。

In addition to automated checkers, I see so many web designers and developers talking about how they use accessibility overlays on client sites. I did an entire episode about how accessibility overlays don’t work and how the companies who make them use them on their own sites, and they have tons of accessibility issues!

除了自動檢查器之外，我看到許多Web設計人員和開發人員都在談論他們如何使用客戶端站點上的輔助功能覆蓋。 我做了整整一集關于可訪問性覆蓋不起作用以及使它們使用的公司如何在自己的站點上使用它們的問題，并且它們存在大量的可訪問性問題！

If you’re using an overlay for client sites, please run — don’t walk — and listen to that episode.

如果您要在客戶網站上使用疊加層，請運行-不要走路-并收聽該劇集。

You can’t shortcut accessibility. There is no silver bullet.

您無法快捷訪問。 沒有銀彈。

誤解八：可訪問性僅是避免訴訟。 (Myth #8: Accessibility is only about warding off lawsuits.)

Think of accessibility as enabling everyone to read your clients’ websites and digital publications. There are so many benefits!

將可訪問性視為使每個人都能閱讀您客戶的網站和數字出版物的方法。 有很多好處！

• It’s good business. Like I said earlier, better reputation and more sales as a result. But, also, accessible sites are better coded and their content is properly formatted. That means attracting more people via search engine results.
  生意很好 就像我之前說的，結果是更好的聲譽和更多的銷售。 而且，可訪問的站點也得到了更好的編碼，其內容也進行了正確的格式化。 這意味著通過搜索引擎結果吸引更多的人。
• Users also won’t have to wait as long for pages to load due to the better and leaner code. That means users are more likely to stay on your client’s site rather than go to a competitor’s site.
  由于更好，更精簡的代碼，用戶也不必等待頁面加載的時間。 這意味著用戶更有可能留在您客戶的網站上，而不是去競爭對手的網站上。
• Easier to read due to good typography and color choices.
  良好的排版和顏色選擇，更易于閱讀。
• Easier to use because users will be able to tell where hyperlinks are and able to use the navigation with any device, whether they’re using a keyboard, trackball, a sip-and-puff system or something else.
  易于使用，因為用戶將能夠知道超鏈接在哪里，并且能夠在任何設備上使用導航，無論他們使用的是鍵盤，軌跡球，飲系統還是其他。
• Users will be able to understand any audio or video on the site, whether or not they have a disability. They could be in a room with loud kids running around, finding it hard to hear what’s being said.
  用戶將能夠理解網站上的任何音頻或視頻，無論他們是否有殘障。 他們可能在一個房間里，大聲的孩子到處亂跑，發現很難聽到他們在說什么。

誤解9：我使用可訪問的網站主題，所以我很好。 (Myth #9: I use an accessible website theme, so I’m good.)

I hate to break it to you, but even if you use an accessible theme, it’s not going to be 100%. It also only takes into account the structure of the site.

我不愿意將它透露給您，但是即使您使用的是可訪問的主題，也不是100％。 它還僅考慮站點的結構。

It doesn’t take into account the design, the page content (text, images, audio and video) or any PDF, Word or PowerPoint files that may be available for download on the site. Those need to be accessible too.

它沒有考慮設計，頁面內容(文本，圖像，音頻和視頻)或任何可在網站上下載的PDF，Word或PowerPoint文件。 這些也需要訪問。

Plus, accessibility is an ongoing process. It’s definitely not “set it and forget it.” You could design an accessible site and next week your client mucks it up because they didn’t know how to make their page content accessible.

另外，可訪問性是一個持續的過程。 絕對不是“設置并忘記它”。 您可以設計一個可訪問的網站，下周您的客戶會拒絕它，因為他們不知道如何使其頁面內容可訪問。

There is a lot to consider.

有很多考慮。

學到更多 (Learn More)

I really hope you want to learn more about this topic. It is so important.

我真的希望您想了解有關此主題的更多信息。 非常重要

If you are the one who introduces your client to this topic, think about how far ahead you can help them get and how they’ll appreciate you for that, for looking out for them.

如果您是向客戶介紹此主題的人，請考慮可以幫助他們取得多大的進步，以及他們會如何感謝您，以幫助他們。

If you’re interested in learning more on this topic of accessibility, I have several accessibility resources.

如果您有興趣了解有關此可訪問性主題的更多信息，那么我有幾種可訪問性資源 。

Originally posted as a podcast and transcript at https://creative-boost.com/9-myths-about-accessibility

最初以播客和字幕形式發布在 https://creative-boost.com/9-myths-about-accessibility