雖然EF6都快要出來了,但是對于Oracle數據庫,仍然只能用DB first和Model First來編程,不能用Code First真是一個很大的遺憾啊。
好了,廢話少說,我們來看看EF中是如何用DB first和Model First來對Oracle編程的。
首先我們要下載ODP.NET這個數據驅動程序,下載鏈接:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/dotnet/index-085163.html
安裝成功后,我們在VS連接Oracle數據庫時就可以選擇ODP.NET了,如圖:
Model First
模型優先是先建立數據模型,然后再根據模型生成相應的數據庫腳本,然后再根據腳本生成數據庫。
在項目中新增一個ADO.NET實體模型:OracleModel.edmx,選擇“空模型”,再新新建兩個實體:Destination與Lodging,如圖:
為了看清這兩個模型中屬性的數據類型,我把他們生成的類也貼出來一下:


public partial class Destination{public Destination(){this.Lodging = new HashSet<Lodging>();}public int DestinationId { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }public string Country { get; set; }public byte Photo { get; set; }public string Description { get; set; }public virtual ICollection<Lodging> Lodging { get; set; }}public partial class Lodging{public int LodgingId { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }public string Owner { get; set; }public bool IsResort { get; set; }public decimal MilesFromNearestAirport { get; set; }public int DestinationDestinationId { get; set; }public virtual Destination Destination { get; set; }}
實體模型的空白處,右鍵-屬性,在打開的OracleModel模型屬性窗口,設置一些屬性,將DDL生成模板改成:SSDLToOracle.tt (VS),數據庫架構名稱改成:GYOUNG(這是我自己測試的Oracle數據庫的用戶名,大家可根據自己的更改),數據庫生成工作流改成:Generate Oracle Via T4 (TPT).xaml (VS)
為了讓EF更好的明白.NET中的數據類型與Oracle中數據類型間的對應關系。我們可以將下面的配置文件加到app.config中。
<oracle.dataaccess.client><settings><add name="bool" value="edmmapping number(1,0)" /><add name="byte" value="edmmapping number(3,0)" /><add name="int16" value="edmmapping number(4,0)" /><add name="int32" value="edmmapping number(9,0)" /><add name="int64" value="edmmapping number(18,0)" /></settings></oracle.dataaccess.client>
現在我們就可以生成數據庫的相應腳本了。
在空白處右鍵,選擇“根據模型生成數據庫”
然后建立好數據連接,如圖:
點擊下一步,然后就會生成相應的數據腳本。


-- Creating table 'Destinations' CREATE TABLE "GYOUNG"."Destinations" ("DestinationId" NUMBER(9,0) NOT NULL,"Name" NCLOB NOT NULL,"Country" NCLOB NOT NULL,"Photo" NUMBER(3,0) NOT NULL,"Description" NCLOB NOT NULL );-- Creating table 'Lodgings' CREATE TABLE "GYOUNG"."Lodgings" ("LodgingId" NUMBER(9,0) NOT NULL,"Name" NCLOB NOT NULL,"Owner" NCLOB NOT NULL,"IsResort" NUMBER(1,0) NOT NULL,"MilesFromNearestAirport" NUMBER(38,0) NOT NULL,"DestinationDestinationId" NUMBER(9,0) NOT NULL );-- -------------------------------------------------- -- Creating all PRIMARY KEY constraints -- ---------------------------------------------------- Creating primary key on "DestinationId"in table 'Destinations' ALTER TABLE "GYOUNG"."Destinations" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_Destinations"PRIMARY KEY ("DestinationId" )ENABLEVALIDATE;-- Creating primary key on "LodgingId"in table 'Lodgings' ALTER TABLE "GYOUNG"."Lodgings" ADD CONSTRAINT "PK_Lodgings"PRIMARY KEY ("LodgingId" )ENABLEVALIDATE;-- -------------------------------------------------- -- Creating all FOREIGN KEY constraints -- ---------------------------------------------------- Creating foreign key on "DestinationDestinationId" in table 'Lodgings' ALTER TABLE "GYOUNG"."Lodgings" ADD CONSTRAINT "FK_DestinationLodging"FOREIGN KEY ("DestinationDestinationId")REFERENCES "GYOUNG"."Destinations"("DestinationId")ENABLEVALIDATE;-- Creating index for FOREIGN KEY 'FK_DestinationLodging' CREATE INDEX "IX_FK_DestinationLodging" ON "GYOUNG"."Lodgings"("DestinationDestinationId");-- -------------------------------------------------- -- Script has ended -- --------------------------------------------------
我們只要將腳本到數據庫中執行一下就可以生成相應的表了。分析一下生成的SQL語句,有主鍵,外鍵,但并沒有為主鍵設置自增長。Oracle設置自增長也是一個很蛋疼的問題,要通過設置相應的Sequences和Triggers來實現,習慣了SQL SERVER的IDENTITY,對于這個還真不爽。這里我們不管它,就自己插入主鍵好了。下面是測試代碼:


using (OracleModelContainer context = new OracleModelContainer()){var destination = new Destination{DestinationId=1,Country = "Indonesia",Description = "EcoTourism at its best in exquisite Bali",Name = "Bali"};var lodging = new Lodging{LodgingId=1,Owner="Jshon",Name = "Top Notch Resort and Spa",MilesFromNearestAirport = 30,IsResort=true,Destination=destination};context.Lodgings.Add(lodging);context.SaveChanges();}
通過VS連接Oracle可以看到數據插入成功。
DB First
DB First顧名思義就是在先建好數據庫,再進行編程。我們新建一個項目,就以剛剛生成的那再張表來編程。
在新建項目中添加一個“ADO.NET 實體數據模型”:DBModel.edmx,選擇“從數據庫生成”
設置好連接串
選擇表
點擊完成,就會生成相應的模型。
我們來檢索一下剛剛插入的數據。


using (Entities context = new Entities()){var des = context.Destinations.FirstOrDefault();var log = context.Lodgings.FirstOrDefault();Console.WriteLine("Lodging Name:" + log.Name + " Owner:" + log.Owner);Console.WriteLine("Destination Name:" + des.Name + " Country:" + des.Country);}
結果如圖。
PS:在DB First模式中,更要將Model First中所說的映射配置文件加入App.config中,不然很多數據類型映射會出錯。
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偽Code First
見我的另一篇博客:Entity Framework Code First在Oracle下的偽實現
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