shell把每個?$IFS?字符對待成一個分隔符,且基于這些字符把其他擴展的結果分割。如果?IFS?未設置,或者它的值正好是 “‘<space><tab><newline>’”,那么任何IFS?字符的序列就送往分割字。

自寫一個簡單的腳本:
#!/bin/bash
for i in `cat /etc/passwd`
do
??????? echo $i
done
輸出結果:
test33:x:506:100::/home/test33:/bin/bash
test44:x:507:512::/home/test44:/bin/bash
test55:x:508:100::/home/test55:/bin/bash
test66:x:509:100::/home/test66:/bin/bash

假如/etc/passwd中有第五列,即注釋,恰恰注釋中包含空格,如下:
test33:x:506:100::/home/test33:/bin/bash
test44:x:507:512::/home/test44:/bin/bash
test55:x:508:100::/home/test55:/bin/bash
test66:x:509:100:user test1:/home/test66:/bin/bash

執行的結果是什么呢,亂了:
test33:x:506:100::/home/test33:/bin/bash
test44:x:507:512::/home/test44:/bin/bash
test55:x:508:100::/home/test55:/bin/bash
test66:x:509:100:user
test1:/home/test66:/bin/bash

程序把注釋中的空格看作字分隔符了。為了解決這一問題,可用$IFS變量:
#!/bin/bash
IFS_old=$IFS????? #將原IFS值保存,以便用完后恢復
IFS=$’\n’??????? #更改IFS值為$’\n’ ,注意,以回車做為分隔符,IFS必須為:$’\n’
for i in `cat m.txt`
do
??????? echo $i
done
IFS=$IFS_old????? #恢復原IFS值

再次運行,得到預期結果:
test33:x:506:100::/home/test33:/bin/bash
test44:x:507:512::/home/test44:/bin/bash
test55:x:508:100::/home/test55:/bin/bash
test66:x:509:100:user test1:/home/test66:/bin/bash