Android 數據存儲提供了四種存儲方式:
Shared Preferences
使用鍵值對(Map(key, value))來存儲數據
Internal Storage
內部存儲,存儲在設備內存的 私人數據
External Storage
外部存儲,存儲在外部設備的 公共數據
SQLite Databases
存儲在關系型數據庫;SQLite 是類似MySQL 的關系型數據庫,因為其體較小,功能全,被運用在了大多嵌入式設備
Network Connection
SQLite 簡介
非常小的關系型數據庫
SQLiteOpenHelper
CRUD(增刪改查)
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;public class SimpleActivity extends Activity {private static final String INFO = "SimpleActivity";@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.simple_layout);Log.i(INFO, INFO);SQLiteDatabase db = openOrCreateDatabase("simple.db", Context.MODE_PRIVATE, null);db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Person");// 創建表db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE Person ("+ " id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"+ " name varchar(30),"+ " age SMALLINT"+ ")");Log.d(INFO, "Create Table Successful");Person person = new Person();person.name = "Tikitoo";person.age = 23;// 插入數據db.execSQL("INSERT INTO Person VALUES(NULL , ?, ?)", new Object[]{person.name, person.age});Log.d(INFO, "Insert Successful");person.name = "Davin";person.age = 30;ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();cv.put("name", person.name);cv.put("age", person.age);// 插入ContentValue 中的數據db.insert("Person", null, cv);Log.d(INFO, "ContentValues Insert Successful");cv = new ContentValues();cv.put("age", 35);// 更新數據db.update("Person", cv, "name = ?", new String[]{"Davin"});Log.d(INFO, "Update Successful");Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM Person", null);while (cursor.moveToNext()) {int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id"));String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));int age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));Log.d("INFO", id + name + age);}Log.d(INFO, "Query Successful");cursor.close();db.delete("Person", "age < ?", new String[]{"25"});Log.d(INFO, "Delete Successful");db.close();// deleteDatabase("tikitoo_sqlite.db");}
}
參考:
Android SQLite Database Tutorial
Android中SQLite應用詳解 - scott's blog - 博客頻道 - CSDN.NET
問題總結
使用SQLite 調試工具ADB(adb)
(android:adb環境變量的配置)[http://blog.csdn.net/huangbiao86/article/details/6664779]
使用ADB 工具查看adb shell
cd data,ls 出現錯誤,這是,輸入su 回車即可,會請求訪問權限,在手機同意一下;adb opendir failed ,permission denied
當然Android 對于SQLite 處理封裝的對象 SQLiteOpenHelper 來返回 SQLiteDatabase 對象來實現增刪改查
我們再開發的時候,不能像上面寫得那么簡單,需要對封裝一個子類,提供SQLiteOpenHelper 對象;
封裝的SQLiteOpenHelper 對象
package com.tikitoo.android.sqlite.util;import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;/*** Created by Tikitoo1 on 2014/11/12.*/
public class DBHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "test.db";private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;public DBHelper(Context context) {// 設置SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory 為nullsuper(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);}// 數據庫第一次創建被調用@Overridepublic void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {// 初始化創建一個表db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Person"+ "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, name varchar(30), age SMALLINT");}// 如果數據庫版本改變,則會調用@Overridepublic void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {// 新增一個字段db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE Person ADD COLUMN other STRING");}
}
DatabaseSQLite 對象實現對數據庫的增刪改查
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.util.Log;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class DBManager {private static final String INFO = DBManager.class.toString();private DBHelper helper;private SQLiteDatabase db;public DBManager(Context context) {helper = new DBHelper(context);db = helper.getWritableDatabase();// helper.getReadableDatabase();}// 新增一條數據,將數據存在Person 對象,在放在List 集合中,遍歷集合,可以實現多條數據插入;public void add(List<Person> persons) {db.beginTransaction();try {for (Person person : persons) {db.execSQL("INSERT INTO Person VALUES(NULL, ?, ?, ?)",new Object[]{person.name, person.age, person.info});}// 設置事物db.setTransactionSuccessful();} finally {// 結束事物db.endTransaction();}}// 更新一條數據,通過name 來修改agepublic void update(Person person) {ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();cv.put("age", person.age);cv.put("info", person.info);// 參數,(表名, ContentValues 對象, where 條件,where 條件對應的值)db.update("Person",cv, "name = ?", new String[]{person.name});}public void delete(Person person) {db.delete("Person", "age >= ?", new String[]{"" + person.age});// String.valueOf(person.age);}public List<Person> person() {List<Person> lists = new ArrayList<Person>();// 使用rawQuery() 方法,返回游標對象,遍歷出數據庫的數據Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM Person", null);while (cursor.moveToNext()) {int _id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id"));String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));int age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));String info = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("info"));Log.i(INFO, new Person(_id, name, age, info).toString());}return lists;}// 關閉數據庫public void closeDB() {db.close();}
}
對了還有將數據表使用JavaBean 處理,將數據存儲在Person 對象,比較方便
public class Person {public int _id; // id,唯一標識public String name; // 姓名public int age; // 年齡public String info; // 備注信息public Person() {}public Person(String name, int age, String info) {this.name = name;this.age = age;this.info = info;}public Person(int _id, String name, int age, String info) {this._id = _id;this.name = name;this.age = age;this.info = info;}// 重寫toString() 方法@Overridepublic String toString() {StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();sb.append("Person[ ");sb.append("name = " + this.name);// sb.append("; id = " + _id);sb.append("; age = " + this.age);sb.append("; info = " + this.info);sb.append(" ]");return sb.toString();}
}
getReadableDatabase() 和getWritableDatabase() 方法的區別:
getReadableDatabase:
首先判斷數據庫實例是否是打開狀態,
如果是,則打開一個可讀寫的數據庫實例;
如果遇到磁盤已滿,獲取失敗,再以可讀模式打開數據庫,返回數據庫實例
getWritableDatabase:
如果不為空,已經打開,并不是以只讀模式打開的,
如果mDatabase 不為空則加鎖,然后創建或打開新的數據庫實例,比較版本,為數據庫設置新的版本號,最后把不為空的mDatabase 解鎖,把新創建的數據庫實例賦值給 mDatabase,并返回新的實例;
總結
所以,如果不遇到磁盤已滿的情況下,兩個方式返回的數據庫實例是一樣的,如果擔心這種方式發生,先調用 getWritableDatabase 方法,
如果異常,則在調用 getReadableDatabase ,當然這個時候的數據庫實例是只讀的