進程，線程

import os, timeif __name__ == '__main__':print('the calling process id:%d' % os.getpid())# 創建進程pid = os.fork()if pid == 0:# 子進程print('the child pid is %d' % os.getpid())time.sleep(3)elif pid > 0:# 父進程os.wait() # 等待子進程終止print('[%d]bye-bye' % os.getpid())

import os, sysif __name__ == '__main__':while True:cmd = input('[root@localhost xxxx]# ')if cmd == 'quit' or cmd == 'exit':# 終止進程sys.exit(0) # os._exit()# 'ls -l'cmdls = cmd.split()pid = os.fork()if pid == 0:# child  替換調用進程os.execlp(cmdls[0], *cmdls)# parentos.wait()

from multiprocessing import Process
import timen = 100def pro_test(arg):print('running argument is %s' % arg)global nn += 1print('n的地址:{}, n:{}'.format(id(n), n))time.sleep(1)def pro2_test():global nprint('n的地址:{}, n:{}'.format(id(n), n))print('n:%d' % n)print('''process 2......''')# 進程的構建方式二
class Myprocess(Process):def __init__(self, args):super().__init__()self.args = argsdef run(self):print('hello world with %s' % self.args)if __name__ == '__main__':pro = Process(target=pro_test, args=('python',))# 運行
    pro.start()# 收尸
    pro.join()print(pro.name, pro.pid)pro2 = Process()pro2.run = pro2_testpro2.start() # 啟動進程， 并調用run方法
    pro2.join()print(pro2.name, pro2.pid)pro3 = Myprocess('the argument of the process')pro3.start()pro3.join()

兩個進程全局變量是獨立的：

from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe
import time# 發送
def pro1(args):for i in range(10):# 向管道發送數據
        args.send(i)time.sleep(1)args.close()def pro2(args):while True:# 從管道接收數據r = args.recv()print('from pro1:%d' % r)if __name__ == '__main__':# 管道的創建，得到管道的兩端conn1, conn2 = Pipe()obj1 = Process(target=pro1, args=(conn1,))obj2 = Process(target=pro2, args=(conn2,))obj1.start()obj2.start()obj1.join()obj2.join()

from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import time# 發送
def pro1(que):for i in range(10):# 向隊列中寫入
        que.put(i)time.sleep(2)def pro2(que):while True:print('from que get:{}'.format(que.get()))if __name__ == '__main__':# 創建隊列q = Queue()obj1 = Process(target=pro1, args=(q,))obj2 = Process(target=pro2, args=(q,))obj1.start()obj2.start()obj1.join()obj2.join()

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from multiprocessing import Pool
import timedef pro_job(s):print('the %d process is running' % s)time.sleep(2)if __name__ == '__main__':# 創建進程池pool = Pool(2)for i in range(5):# 異步添加進程pool.apply_async(func=pro_job, args=(i, ))# 不允許向進程池中添加新的進程
    pool.close()# 收尸pool.join()

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from multiprocessing import Process
import timedef job():while True:print('hello')time.sleep(1)if __name__ == '__main__':pro = Process(target=job)pro.start()

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from threading import Thread, Lock
import timelock = Lock() # 保護互斥量
n = 100 # 多線程發成競爭的那段代碼就是互斥量def thr_job():print('the new thread is running....')global nlock.acquire()n = 200lock.release()time.sleep(3)if __name__ == '__main__':# 創建線程thr = Thread(target=thr_job, name='不一樣', daemon=True)thr.start()print(thr.name, thr.ident)# 加鎖
    lock.acquire()print(n)time.sleep(2)print(n + 10)# 解鎖
    lock.release()thr.join()

?n = 0 ：任務沒發下來等待繼續發放任務

?n > 0：還有任務發放

n < 0 ：沒有任務發放完成了

from threading import Thread, local# 使得多線程在使用全局的local綁定變量的時候局部化
lc = local()def fun(s):lc.name = sif __name__ == '__main__':lc.name = 'main'thr = Thread(target=fun, args=('python',))thr.start()thr.join()print(lc.name)

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