之前遇到的問題整理
ajax跨域訪問是一個老問題了,解決方法很多,比較常用的是JSONP方法,JSONP方法是一種非官方方法,而且這種方法只支持GET方式,不如POST方式安全。
即使使用jquery的jsonp方法,type設為POST,也會自動變為GET。
官方問題說明:
“script”: Evaluates the response as JavaScript and returns it as plain text. Disables caching by appending a query string parameter, “_=[TIMESTAMP]“, to the URL unless the cache option is set to true.Note: This will turn POSTs into GETs for remote-domain requests.
如果跨域使用POST方式,可以使用創建一個隱藏的iframe來實現,與ajax上傳圖片原理一樣,但這樣會比較麻煩。
因此,通過設置Access-Control-Allow-Origin來實現跨域訪問比較簡單。
例如:客戶端的域名是www.client.com,而請求的域名是www.server.com
如果直接使用ajax訪問,會有以下錯誤
XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://www.server.com/server.php. No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource.Origin 'http://www.client.com' is therefore not allowed access.
在被請求的Response header中加入
- ??
- header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*');??
- ??
- header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:POST');??
- ??
- header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with,content-type');??
就可以實現ajax POST跨域訪問了。
代碼如下:
client.html?路徑:http://www.client.com/client.html
- <!DOCTYPE?HTML?PUBLIC?"-//W3C//DTD?HTML?4.0?Transitional//EN">??
- <html>??
- ?<head>??
- ??<meta?http-equiv="content-type"?content="text/html;charset=utf-8">??
- ??<title>?跨域測試?</title>??
- ??<script?src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script>??
- ?</head>??
- ??
- ?<body>??
- ????<div?id="show"></div>??
- ????<script?type="text/javascript">??
- ????$.post("http://www.server.com/server.php",{name:"fdipzone",gender:"male"})??
- ??????.done(function(data){??
- ????????document.getElementById("show").innerHTML?=?data.name?+?'?'?+?data.gender;??
- ??????});??
- ????</script>??
- ?</body>??
- </html>??
server.php?路徑:http://www.server.com/server.php
- <?php??
- $ret?=?array(??
- ????'name'?=>?isset($_POST['name'])??$_POST['name']?:?'',??
- ????'gender'?=>?isset($_POST['gender'])??$_POST['gender']?:?''??
- );??
- ??
- header('content-type:application:json;charset=utf8');??
- header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*');??
- header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:POST');??
- header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with,content-type');??
- ??
- echo?json_encode($ret);??
- ?>??
Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*?表示允許任何域名跨域訪問
如果需要指定某域名才允許跨域訪問,只需把Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*改為Access-Control-Allow-Origin:允許的域名
例如:header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:http://www.client.com');
如果需要設置多個域名允許訪問,這里需要用php處理一下
例如允許 www.client.com 與 www.client2.com 可以跨域訪問
server.php 修改為
- <?php??
- $ret?=?array(??
- ????'name'?=>?isset($_POST['name'])??$_POST['name']?:?'',??
- ????'gender'?=>?isset($_POST['gender'])??$_POST['gender']?:?''??
- );??
- ??
- header('content-type:application:json;charset=utf8');??
- ??
- $origin?=?isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ORIGIN'])??$_SERVER['HTTP_ORIGIN']?:?'';??
- ??
- $allow_origin?=?array(??
- ????'http://www.client.com',??
- ????'http://www.client2.com'??
- );??
- ??
- if(in_array($origin,?$allow_origin)){??
- ????header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin:'.$origin);??
- ????header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods:POST');??
- ????header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers:x-requested-with,content-type');??
- }??
- ??
- echo?json_encode($ret);??
- ?> ?