【Docker】進階之路：（四）Docker容器
- 容器的生命周期
- 創建容器
- docker create
- docker run
- 管理容器
- 查看運行的容器：
- 查看所有容器：
- 啟動與終止
- 啟動容器
- 終止容器
- 進入容器
- docker attach
- docker exec
- 導出和導入
- 導出
- 導入
容器的生命周期
容器的生命周期分為五種狀態，分別為：
- Created：初建狀態，表示容器已經被創建，容器所需的相關資源已經準備就緒，但容器中的程序還未處于運行狀態。
- Running：運行狀態，表示容器正在運行，也就是容器中的應用正在運行。
- Paused：暫停狀態，表示容器已暫停，表示容器中的所有程序都處于暫停（不是停止）狀態。
- Stopped：停止狀態，表示容器處于停止狀態，占用的資源和沙盒環境都依然存在，只是容器中的應用程序均已停止。
- Deleted：刪除狀態，表示容器已刪除，相關占用的資源及存儲在 Docker 中的管理信息也都已釋放和移除。
創建容器
容器是Docker提供網絡服務的主體。為了能夠提供MySQL、Apache等網絡服務，用戶必須創建對應的容器。
在Docker中，用戶可以通過兩種方式來創建容器。
docker create
[root@docker ~]# docker create --helpUsage: docker create [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]Create a new containerAliases:docker container create, docker createOptions:--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)--annotation map Add an annotation to the container (passed through to the OCI runtime) (default map[])-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container--cgroupns string Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)'host': Run the container in the Docker host's cgroup namespace'private': Run the container in its own private cgroup namespace'': Use the cgroup namespace as configured by thedefault-cgroupns-mode option on the daemon (default)--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)--cpus decimal Number of CPUs--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)--device list Add a host device to the container--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)--dns list Set custom DNS servers--dns-option list Set DNS options--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains--domainname string Container NIS domain name--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image-e, --env list Set environment variables--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports--gpus gpu-request GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)--group-add list Add additional groups to join--health-cmd string Command to run to check health--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--help Print usage-h, --hostname string Container host name--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)--ipc string IPC mode to use--isolation string Container isolation technology--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit-l, --label list Set meta data on a container--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels--link list Add link to another container--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses--log-driver string Logging driver for the container--log-opt list Log driver options--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)-m, --memory bytes Memory limit--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container--name string Assign a name to the container--network network Connect a container to a network--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)--pid string PID namespace to use--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable--privileged Give extended privileges to this container-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports--pull string Pull image before creating ("always", "|missing", "never") (default "missing")-q, --quiet Suppress the pull output--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits--runtime string Runtime to use for this container--security-opt list Security Options--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm--stop-signal string Signal to stop the container--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])--userns string User namespace to use--uts string UTS namespace to use-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
[root@docker ~]# docker run
[root@docker ~]# docker run --helpUsage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]Create and run a new container from an imageAliases:docker container run, docker runOptions:--add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)--annotation map Add an annotation to the container (passed through to the OCI runtime) (default map[])-a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR--blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)--blkio-weight-device list Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default [])--cap-add list Add Linux capabilities--cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities--cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container--cgroupns string Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)'host': Run the container in the Docker host's cgroup namespace'private': Run the container in its own private cgroup namespace'': Use the cgroup namespace as configured by thedefault-cgroupns-mode option on the daemon (default)--cidfile string Write the container ID to the file--cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period--cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota--cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds--cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds-c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight)--cpus decimal Number of CPUs--cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)--cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)-d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container--device list Add a host device to the container--device-cgroup-rule list Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list--device-read-bps list Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default [])--device-read-iops list Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default [])--device-write-bps list Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default [])--device-write-iops list Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default [])--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)--dns list Set custom DNS servers--dns-option list Set DNS options--dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains--domainname string Container NIS domain name--entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image-e, --env list Set environment variables--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables--expose list Expose a port or a range of ports--gpus gpu-request GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to pass all GPUs)--group-add list Add additional groups to join--health-cmd string Command to run to check health--health-interval duration Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy--health-start-period duration Start period for the container to initialize before starting health-retries countdown (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)--help Print usage-h, --hostname string Container host name--init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached--ip string IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)--ip6 string IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)--ipc string IPC mode to use--isolation string Container isolation technology--kernel-memory bytes Kernel memory limit-l, --label list Set meta data on a container--label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels--link list Add link to another container--link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses--log-driver string Logging driver for the container--log-opt list Log driver options--mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)-m, --memory bytes Memory limit--memory-reservation bytes Memory soft limit--memory-swap bytes Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap--memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1)--mount mount Attach a filesystem mount to the container--name string Assign a name to the container--network network Connect a container to a network--network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container--no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK--oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer--oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)--pid string PID namespace to use--pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable--privileged Give extended privileges to this container-p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host-P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports--pull string Pull image before running ("always", "missing", "never") (default "missing")-q, --quiet Suppress the pull output--read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only--restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no")--rm Automatically remove the container when it exits--runtime string Runtime to use for this container--security-opt list Security Options--shm-size bytes Size of /dev/shm--sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true)--stop-signal string Signal to stop the container--stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container--storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container--sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[])--tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY--ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default [])-u, --user string Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])--userns string User namespace to use--uts string UTS namespace to use-v, --volume list Bind mount a volume--volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container--volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s)-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
[root@docker ~]# 管理容器
使用Docker一段時間后，計算機上或許會有許多云心和非運行的容器。
[root@docker ~]# docker ps --helpUsage: docker ps [OPTIONS]List containersAliases:docker container ls, docker container list, docker container ps, docker psOptions:-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided--format string Format output using a custom template:'table': Print output in table format with column headers (default)'table TEMPLATE': Print output in table format using the given Go template'json': Print in JSON format'TEMPLATE': Print output using the given Go template.Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/ for more information about formatting output with templates-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)--no-trunc Don't truncate output-q, --quiet Only display container IDs-s, --size Display total file sizes
[root@docker ~]# 查看運行的容器：
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@docker ~]#
查看所有容器：
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@docker ~]#
啟動與終止
啟動容器
容器是交互式的，有點類似于虛擬機，且更加有利于資源的高效利用。例如，使用Ubuntu的最新鏡像運行一個容器。-i和-t子命令的意思提供了對容器的交互式shell訪問：
這里我們選用ubuntu鏡像，為什么使用ubentu鏡像呢？
[root@docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE circledba/kingbase v008r006c007b0024 df101ff5974d 40 hours ago 12.4GB tomcat latest fb5657adc892 23 months ago 680MB ubuntu latest ba6acccedd29 2 years ago 72.8MB centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 2 years ago 204MB [root@docker ~]#centos7鏡像大小為204MB，ubuntu只有72.8MB
現在已經進入docker內部，在這個環境下，shell展現如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it ubuntu
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/#
注意：ubuntu鏡像是最小化的基本上沒有什么常用的用具，比如說ip命令等，演示如下
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/# ip
bash: ip: command not found
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/# yum
bash: yum: command not found
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/#
那就需要我們手動安裝
- 我們先更新apt工具（不更新會找不到很多包）
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
運行示例：
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/# apt-get update
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease [265 kB]
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease [114 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [108 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/multiverse amd64 Packages [177 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/restricted amd64 Packages [33.4 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages [1275 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/universe amd64 Packages [11.3 MB]
Get:9 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages [3245 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/universe amd64 Packages [1443 kB]
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Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages [32.0 kB]
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Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports/universe amd64 Packages [28.6 kB]
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/universe amd64 Packages [1148 kB]
Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/multiverse amd64 Packages [29.3 kB]
Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security/restricted amd64 Packages [3079 kB]
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Reading package lists... Done
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/# apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:apt base-files bash bsdutils dpkg e2fsprogs fdisk gcc-10-base gpgv gzip libapt-pkg6.0 libblkid1 libc-binlibc6 libcom-err2 libext2fs2 libfdisk1 libgcc-s1 libgmp10 libgnutls30 liblzma5 libmount1 libncurses6libncursesw6 libpam-modules libpam-modules-bin libpam-runtime libpam0g libpcre2-8-0 libpcre3 libprocps8libseccomp2 libsepol1 libsmartcols1 libss2 libstdc++6 libsystemd0 libtinfo6 libudev1 libuuid1 loginlogsave mount ncurses-base ncurses-bin passwd perl-base procps tar util-linux zlib1g
51 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 17.0 MB of archives.
After this operation, 39.9 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
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Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgcc-s1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [41.8 kB]
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debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.30.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30 /usr/share/perl/5.30 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
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debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
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debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.30.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30 /usr/share/perl/5.30 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
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debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.30.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30 /usr/share/perl/5.30 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
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debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
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debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.30.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30 /usr/share/perl/5.30 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
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debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
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debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.30.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30 /usr/share/perl/5.30 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
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root@12adcd8f7dd9:/#
- 安裝IP工具包
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/# apt install -y iproute2
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:libatm1 libbsd0 libcap2 libcap2-bin libelf1 libmnl0 libpam-cap libxtables12
Suggested packages:iproute2-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:iproute2 libatm1 libbsd0 libcap2 libcap2-bin libelf1 libmnl0 libpam-cap libxtables12
0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 51 not upgraded.
Need to get 1061 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3682 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libbsd0 amd64 0.10.0-1 [45.4 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libcap2 amd64 1:2.32-1ubuntu0.1 [15.8 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libelf1 amd64 0.176-1.1ubuntu0.1 [44.2 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libmnl0 amd64 1.0.4-2 [12.3 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libxtables12 amd64 1.8.4-3ubuntu2.1 [28.7 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libcap2-bin amd64 1:2.32-1ubuntu0.1 [26.2 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 iproute2 amd64 5.5.0-1ubuntu1 [858 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libatm1 amd64 1:2.5.1-4 [21.8 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libpam-cap amd64 1:2.32-1ubuntu0.1 [8364 B]
Fetched 1061 kB in 6s (177 kB/s)
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
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debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 76.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.30.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30 /usr/share/perl/5.30 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
Setting up iproute2 (5.5.0-1ubuntu1) ...
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog
debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 76.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline
debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline
debconf: (Can't locate Term/ReadLine.pm in @INC (you may need to install the Term::ReadLine module) (@INC contains: /etc/perl /usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30.0 /usr/local/share/perl/5.30.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30 /usr/share/perl5 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.30 /usr/share/perl/5.30 /usr/local/lib/site_perl /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl-base) at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Readline.pm line 7.)
debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-0ubuntu9.2) ...
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: eth0@if7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@12adcd8f7dd9:/#
我們的ip命令就可以正常使用了
終止容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -all #現在是啟動中的容器狀態Up 6 seconds
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12adcd8f7dd9 ubuntu "bash" 19 minutes ago Up 6 seconds optimistic_jackson
[root@docker ~]# docker stop 12adcd8f7dd9 #現在是停止容器
12adcd8f7dd9
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -all #現在是停止容器 Exited (0) 2 seconds ago
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
12adcd8f7dd9 ubuntu "bash" 20 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago optimistic_jackson
[root@docker ~]# 進入容器
使用-d參數運行容器時，容器啟動后會進入后臺。此時想要進入容器，可以通過以下指令進入：
● docker attach:使用這個命令進入容器，退出時會導致容器停止。
● docker exec:推薦大家使用docker exec命令，因為此命令會退出容器終端，但不會導致容器的停止。
docker attach
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3deae30b2ec7 ubuntu "bash" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds hungry_merkle
[root@docker ~]# docker attach 3deae30b2ec7
root@3deae30b2ec7:/# exit
exit
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3deae30b2ec7 ubuntu "bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 37 seconds ago hungry_merkle
12adcd8f7dd9 ubuntu "bash" 27 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago optimistic_jackson
我們發現容器會停止，我們再次啟動容器使用 crtl+p+q 退出
[root@docker ~]# docker start 3deae30b2ec7
3deae30b2ec7
[root@docker ~]# docker attach 3deae30b2ec7
root@3deae30b2ec7:/# read escape sequence
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3deae30b2ec7 ubuntu "bash" 6 minutes ago Up 26 seconds hungry_merkle
12adcd8f7dd9 ubuntu "bash" 28 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago optimistic_jackson
[root@docker ~]#
容器是正常運行的
docker exec
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 3deae30b2ec7 /bin/bash
root@3deae30b2ec7:/# exit
exit
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3deae30b2ec7 ubuntu "bash" 23 minutes ago Up 18 minutes hungry_merkle
12adcd8f7dd9 ubuntu "bash" 46 minutes ago Exited (0) 26 minutes ago optimistic_jackson
[root@docker ~]#
注意： 使用docker exec進入容器，如果從這個容器退出，容器不會停止，因此推薦使用docker exec。
導出和導入
導出
如果要導出本地某個容器，可以使用 docker export 命令。為以后我們不需要重復安裝ip命令做準備
例如，導出容器 3deae30b2ec7快照到本地文件 ubuntu.tar：
[root@docker ~]# docker export 3deae30b2ec7 > ubuntu.tar
[root@docker ~]# ls -l
總用量 73404
-rw-------. 1 root root 1323 11月 21 15:44 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 75158528 12月 9 11:20 ubuntu.tar
[root@docker ~]#
導入
可以使用 docker import 從本地容器快照文件中再導入為鏡像，以下實例將快照文件 ubuntu.tar 導入到鏡像 test/ubuntu:v1：
[root@docker ~]# docker import ubuntu.tar circle/ubuntu:1.0
sha256:34035f46d2c6227f66338127ef939b7757b115f4d2a485fc06f84971604da062
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
circle/ubuntu 1.0 34035f46d2c6 6 seconds ago 72.8MB
circledba/kingbase v008r006c007b0024 df101ff5974d 41 hours ago 12.4GB
tomcat latest fb5657adc892 23 months ago 680MB
ubuntu latest ba6acccedd29 2 years ago 72.8MB
centos 7 eeb6ee3f44bd 2 years ago 204MB
[root@docker ~]#
還可以通過指定 URL 或者某個目錄來導入，例如：
docker import http://example.com/exampleimage.tgz example/imagerepo
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