MIME 類型
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息內容類型的標準，用來表示文檔、文件或字節流的性質和格式。
MIME 消息能包含文本、圖像、音頻、視頻以及其他應用程序專用的數據。
瀏覽器通常使用 MIME 類型（而不是文件擴展名）來確定如何處理URL，因此 We b服務器在響應頭中添加正確的 MIME 類型非常重要。如果配置不正確，瀏覽器可能會無法解析文件內容，網站將無法正常工作，并且下載的文件也會被錯誤處理。
語法
MIME 類型通用結構：
type/subtype
MIME 的組成結構非常簡單，由類型與子類型兩個字符串中間用 / 分隔而組成，不允許有空格。type 表示可以被分多個子類的獨立類別，subtype 表示細分后的每個類型。
MIME類型對大小寫不敏感，但是傳統寫法都是小寫。
兩種主要的 MIME 類型在默認類型中扮演了重要的角色：
text/plain 表示文本文件的默認值。
application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情況的默認值。
常見的 MIME 類型
超文本標記語言文本 .html、.html：text/html
普通文本 .txt： text/plain
RTF 文本 .rtf： application/rtf
GIF 圖形 .gif： image/gif
JPEG 圖形 .jpeg、.jpg： image/jpeg
au 聲音文件 .au： audio/basic
MIDI 音樂文件 mid、.midi： audio/midi、audio/x-midi
RealAudio 音樂文件 .ra、.ram： audio/x-pn-realaudio
MPEG 文件 .mpg、.mpeg： video/mpeg
AVI 文件 .avi： video/x-msvideo
GZIP 文件 .gz： application/x-gzip
TAR 文件 .tar： application/x-tar
| 類型 | 描述 | 經典示例 |
|---|---|---|
| text | 表明文件是普通文本，理論上是人類可讀 | text/plain, text/html, text/css, text/javascript |
| image | 表明是某種圖像。不包括視頻，但是動態圖（比如動態gif）也使用image類型 | image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, image/bmp, image/webp, image/x-icon, image/vnd.microsoft.icon |
| audio | 表明是某種音頻文件 | audio/midi, audio/mpeg, audio/webm, audio/ogg, audio/wav |
| video | 表明是某種視頻文件 | video/webm, video/ogg |
| application | 表明是某種二進制數據 | application/octet-stream, application/pkcs12, application/vnd.mspowerpoint, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml, application/pdf |
MIME 對照表
| 媒體類型 | 文件擴展名 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| application/msword | doc | 微軟 Office Word 格式（Microsoft Word 97 - 2004 document） |
| application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document | docx | 微軟 Office Word 文檔格式 |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xls | 微軟 Office Excel 格式（Microsoft Excel 97 - 2004 Workbook |
| application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet | xlsx | 微軟 Office Excel 文檔格式 |
| application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | ppt | 微軟 Office PowerPoint 格式（Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - 2003 演示文稿） |
| application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation | pptx | 微軟 Office PowerPoint 文稿格式 |
| application/x-gzip | gz, gzip | GZ 壓縮文件格式 |
| application/zip | zip, 7zip | ZIP 壓縮文件格式 |
| application/rar | rar | RAR 壓縮文件格式 |
| application/x-tar | tar, tgz | TAR 壓縮文件格式 |
| application/pdf | PDF 是 Portable Document Format 的簡稱，即便攜式文檔格式 | |
| application/rtf | rtf | RTF 是指 Rich Text Format，即通常所說的富文本格式 |
| image/gif | gif | GIF 圖像格式 |
| image/jpeg | jpg, jpeg | JPG(JPEG) 圖像格式 |
| image/jp2 | jpg2 | JPG2 圖像格式 |
| image/png | png | PNG 圖像格式 |
| image/tiff | tif, tiff | TIF(TIFF) 圖像格式 |
| image/bmp | bmp | BMP 圖像格式（位圖格式） |
| image/svg+xml | svg, svgz | SVG 圖像格式 |
| image/webp | webp | WebP 圖像格式 |
| image/x-icon | ico | ico 圖像格式，通常用于瀏覽器 Favicon 圖標 |
| application/kswps | wps | 金山 Office 文字排版文件格式 |
| application/kset | et | 金山 Office 表格文件格式 |
| application/ksdps | dps | 金山 Office 演示文稿格式 |
| application/x-photoshop | psd | Photoshop 源文件格式 |
| application/x-coreldraw | cdr | Coreldraw 源文件格式 |
| application/x-shockwave-flash | swf | Adobe Flash 源文件格式 |
| text/plain | txt | 普通文本格式 |
| application/x-javascript | js | Javascript 文件類型 |
| text/javascript | js | 表示 Javascript 腳本文件 |
| text/css | css | 表示 CSS 樣式表 |
| text/html | htm, html, shtml | HTML 文件格式 |
| application/xhtml+xml | xht, xhtml | XHTML 文件格式 |
| text/xml | xml | XML 文件格式 |
| text/x-vcard | vcf | VCF 文件格式 |
| application/x-httpd-php | php, php3, php4, phtml | PHP 文件格式 |
| application/java-archive | jar | Java 歸檔文件格式 |
| application/vnd.android.package-archive | apk | Android 平臺包文件格式 |
| application/octet-stream | exe | Windows 系統可執行文件格式 |
| application/x-x509-user-cert | crt, pem | PEM 文件格式 |
| audio/mpeg | mp3 | mpeg 音頻格式 |
| audio/midi | mid, midi | mid 音頻格式 |
| audio/x-wav wav | wav | 音頻格式 |
| audio/x-mpegurl | m3u | m3u 音頻格式 |
| audio/x-m4a | m4a | m4a 音頻格式 |
| audio/ogg | ogg | ogg 音頻格式 |
| audio/x-realaudio | ra | Real Audio 音頻格式 |
| video/mp4 | mp4 | mp4 視頻格式 |
| video/mpeg | mpg, mpe, mpeg | mpeg 視頻格式 |
| video/quicktime | qt, mov | QuickTime 視頻格式 |
| video/x-m4v m4v | m4v | 視頻格式 |
| video/x-ms-wmv | wmv | wmv 視頻格式（Windows 操作系統上的一種視頻格式） |
| video/x-msvideo | avi | avi 視頻格式 |
| video/webm | webm | webm 視頻格式 |
| video/x-flv | flv | 一種基于 flash 技術的視頻格式 |
按照內容類型排列的 MIME 類型列表
| 類型/子類型 | 擴展名 |
|---|---|
| application/envoy | evy |
| application/fractals | fif |
| application/futuresplash | spl |
| application/hta | hta |
| application/internet-property-stream | acx |
| application/mac-binhex40 | hqx |
| application/msword | doc |
| application/msword | dot |
| application/octet-stream | * |
| application/octet-stream | bin |
| application/octet-stream | class |
| application/octet-stream | dms |
| application/octet-stream | exe |
| application/octet-stream | lha |
| application/octet-stream | lzh |
| application/oda | oda |
| application/olescript | axs |
| application/pdf | |
| application/pics-rules | prf |
| application/pkcs10 | p10 |
| application/pkix-crl | crl |
| application/postscript | ai |
| application/postscript | eps |
| application/postscript | ps |
| application/rtf | rtf |
| application/set-payment-initiation | setpay |
| application/set-registration-initiation | setreg |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xla |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xlc |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xlm |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xls |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xlt |
| application/vnd.ms-excel | xlw |
| application/vnd.ms-outlook | msg |
| application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore | sst |
| application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat | cat |
| application/vnd.ms-pkistl | stl |
| application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | pot |
| application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | pps |
| application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | ppt |
| application/vnd.ms-project | mpp |
| application/vnd.ms-works | wcm |
| application/vnd.ms-works | wdb |
| application/vnd.ms-works | wks |
| application/vnd.ms-works | wps |
| application/winhlp | hlp |
| application/x-bcpio | bcpio |
| application/x-cdf | cdf |
| application/x-compress | z |
| application/x-compressed | tgz |
| application/x-cpio | cpio |
| application/x-csh | csh |
| application/x-director | dcr |
| application/x-director | dir |
| application/x-director | dxr |
| application/x-dvi | dvi |
| application/x-gtar | gtar |
| application/x-gzip | gz |
| application/x-hdf | hdf |
| application/x-internet-signup | ins |
| application/x-internet-signup | isp |
| application/x-iphone | iii |
| application/x-javascript | js |
| application/x-latex | latex |
| application/x-msaccess | mdb |
| application/x-mscardfile | crd |
| application/x-msclip | clp |
| application/x-msdownload | dll |
| application/x-msmediaview | m13 |
| application/x-msmediaview | m14 |
| application/x-msmediaview | mvb |
| application/x-msmetafile | wmf |
| application/x-msmoney | mny |
| application/x-mspublisher | pub |
| application/x-msschedule | scd |
| application/x-msterminal | trm |
| application/x-mswrite | wri |
| application/x-netcdf | cdf |
| application/x-netcdf | nc |
| application/x-perfmon | pma |
| application/x-perfmon | pmc |
| application/x-perfmon | pml |
| application/x-perfmon | pmr |
| application/x-perfmon | pmw |
| application/x-pkcs12 | p12 |
| application/x-pkcs12 | pfx |
| application/x-pkcs7-certificates | p7b |
| application/x-pkcs7-certificates | spc |
| application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp | p7r |
| application/x-pkcs7-mime | p7c |
| application/x-pkcs7-mime | p7m |
| application/x-pkcs7-signature | p7s |
| application/x-sh | sh |
| application/x-shar | shar |
| application/x-shockwave-flash | swf |
| application/x-stuffit | sit |
| application/x-sv4cpio | sv4cpio |
| application/x-sv4crc | sv4crc |
| application/x-tar | tar |
| application/x-tcl | tcl |
| application/x-tex | tex |
| application/x-texinfo | texi |
| application/x-texinfo | texinfo |
| application/x-troff | roff |
| application/x-troff | t |
| application/x-troff | tr |
| application/x-troff-man | man |
| application/x-troff-me | me |
| application/x-troff-ms | ms |
| application/x-ustar | ustar |
| application/x-wais-source | src |
| application/x-x509-ca-cert | cer |
| application/x-x509-ca-cert | crt |
| application/x-x509-ca-cert | der |
| application/ynd.ms-pkipko | pko |
| application/zip | zip |
| audio/basic | au |
| audio/basic | snd |
| audio/mid | mid |
| audio/mid | rmi |
| audio/mpeg | mp3 |
| audio/x-aiff | aif |
| audio/x-aiff | aifc |
| audio/x-aiff | aiff |
| audio/x-mpegurl | m3u |
| audio/x-pn-realaudio | ra |
| audio/x-pn-realaudio | ram |
| audio/x-wav | wav |
| image/bmp | bmp |
| image/cis-cod | cod |
| image/gif | gif |
| image/ief | ief |
| image/jpeg | jpe |
| image/jpeg | jpeg |
| image/jpeg | jpg |
| image/pipeg | jfif |
| image/svg+xml | svg |
| image/tiff | tif |
| image/tiff | tiff |
| image/x-cmu-raster | ras |
| image/x-cmx | cmx |
| image/x-icon | ico |
| image/x-portable-anymap | pnm |
| image/x-portable-bitmap | pbm |
| image/x-portable-graymap | pgm |
| image/x-portable-pixmap | ppm |
| image/x-rgb | rgb |
| image/x-xbitmap | xbm |
| image/x-xpixmap | xpm |
| image/x-xwindowdump | xwd |
| message/rfc822 | mht |
| message/rfc822 | mhtml |
| message/rfc822 | nws |
| text/css | css |
| text/h323 | 323 |
| text/html | htm |
| text/html | html |
| text/html | stm |
| text/iuls | uls |
| text/plain | bas |
| text/plain | c |
| text/plain | h |
| text/plain | txt |
| text/richtext | rtx |
| text/scriptlet | sct |
| text/tab-separated-values | tsv |
| text/webviewhtml | htt |
| text/x-component | htc |
| text/x-setext | etx |
| text/x-vcard | vcf |
| video/mpeg | mp2 |
| video/mpeg | mpa |
| video/mpeg | mpe |
| video/mpeg | mpeg |
| video/mpeg | mpg |
| video/mpeg | mpv2 |
| video/quicktime | mov |
| video/quicktime | qt |
| video/x-la-asf | lsf |
| video/x-la-asf | lsx |
| video/x-ms-asf | asf |
| video/x-ms-asf | asr |
| video/x-ms-asf | asx |
| video/x-msvideo | avi |
| video/x-sgi-movie | movie |
| x-world/x-vrml | flr |
| x-world/x-vrml | vrml |
| x-world/x-vrml | wrl |
| x-world/x-vrml | wrz |
| x-world/x-vrml | xaf |
| x-world/x-vrml | xof |
按照文件擴展名排列的 MIME 類型列表
| 擴展名 | 類型/子類型 |
|---|---|
| application/octet-stream | |
| 323 | text/h323 |
| acx | application/internet-property-stream |
| ai | application/postscript |
| aif | audio/x-aiff |
| aifc | audio/x-aiff |
| aiff | audio/x-aiff |
| asf | video/x-ms-asf |
| asr | video/x-ms-asf |
| asx | video/x-ms-asf |
| au | audio/basic |
| avi | video/x-msvideo |
| axs | application/olescript |
| bas | text/plain |
| bcpio | application/x-bcpio |
| bin | application/octet-stream |
| bmp | image/bmp |
| c | text/plain |
| cat | application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat |
| cdf | application/x-cdf |
| cer | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
| class | application/octet-stream |
| clp | application/x-msclip |
| cmx | image/x-cmx |
| cod | image/cis-cod |
| cpio | application/x-cpio |
| crd | application/x-mscardfile |
| crl | application/pkix-crl |
| crt | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
| csh | application/x-csh |
| css | text/css |
| dcr | application/x-director |
| der | application/x-x509-ca-cert |
| dir | application/x-director |
| dll | application/x-msdownload |
| dms | application/octet-stream |
| doc | application/msword |
| dot | application/msword |
| dvi | application/x-dvi |
| dxr | application/x-director |
| eps | application/postscript |
| etx | text/x-setext |
| evy | application/envoy |
| exe | application/octet-stream |
| fif | application/fractals |
| flr | x-world/x-vrml |
| gif | image/gif |
| gtar | application/x-gtar |
| gz | application/x-gzip |
| h | text/plain |
| hdf | application/x-hdf |
| hlp | application/winhlp |
| hqx | application/mac-binhex40 |
| hta | application/hta |
| htc | text/x-component |
| htm | text/html |
| html | text/html |
| htt | text/webviewhtml |
| ico | image/x-icon |
| ief | image/ief |
| iii | application/x-iphone |
| ins | application/x-internet-signup |
| isp | application/x-internet-signup |
| jfif | image/pipeg |
| jpe | image/jpeg |
| jpeg | image/jpeg |
| jpg | image/jpeg |
| js | application/x-javascript |
| latex | application/x-latex |
| lha | application/octet-stream |
| lsf | video/x-la-asf |
| lsx | video/x-la-asf |
| lzh | application/octet-stream |
| m13 | application/x-msmediaview |
| m14 | application/x-msmediaview |
| m3u | audio/x-mpegurl |
| man | application/x-troff-man |
| mdb | application/x-msaccess |
| me | application/x-troff-me |
| mht | message/rfc822 |
| mhtml | message/rfc822 |
| mid | audio/mid |
| mny | application/x-msmoney |
| mov | video/quicktime |
| movie | video/x-sgi-movie |
| mp2 | video/mpeg |
| mp3 | audio/mpeg |
| mpa | video/mpeg |
| mpe | video/mpeg |
| mpeg | video/mpeg |
| mpg | video/mpeg |
| mpp | application/vnd.ms-project |
| mpv2 | video/mpeg |
| ms | application/x-troff-ms |
| mvb | application/x-msmediaview |
| nws | message/rfc822 |
| oda | application/oda |
| p10 | application/pkcs10 |
| p12 | application/x-pkcs12 |
| p7b | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
| p7c | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
| p7m | application/x-pkcs7-mime |
| p7r | application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp |
| p7s | application/x-pkcs7-signature |
| pbm | image/x-portable-bitmap |
| application/pdf | |
| pfx | application/x-pkcs12 |
| pgm | image/x-portable-graymap |
| pko | application/ynd.ms-pkipko |
| pma | application/x-perfmon |
| pmc | application/x-perfmon |
| pml | application/x-perfmon |
| pmr | application/x-perfmon |
| pmw | application/x-perfmon |
| pnm | image/x-portable-anymap |
| pot | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| ppm | image/x-portable-pixmap |
| pps | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| ppt | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint |
| prf | application/pics-rules |
| ps | application/postscript |
| pub | application/x-mspublisher |
| qt | video/quicktime |
| ra | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
| ram | audio/x-pn-realaudio |
| ras | image/x-cmu-raster |
| rgb | image/x-rgb |
| rmi | audio/mid |
| roff | application/x-troff |
| rtf | application/rtf |
| rtx | text/richtext |
| scd | application/x-msschedule |
| sct | text/scriptlet |
| setpay | application/set-payment-initiation |
| setreg | application/set-registration-initiation |
| sh | application/x-sh |
| shar | application/x-shar |
| sit | application/x-stuffit |
| snd | audio/basic |
| spc | application/x-pkcs7-certificates |
| spl | application/futuresplash |
| src | application/x-wais-source |
| sst | application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore |
| stl | application/vnd.ms-pkistl |
| stm | text/html |
| svg | image/svg+xml |
| sv4cpio | application/x-sv4cpio |
| sv4crc | application/x-sv4crc |
| swf | application/x-shockwave-flash |
| t | application/x-troff |
| tar | application/x-tar |
| tcl | application/x-tcl |
| tex | application/x-tex |
| texi | application/x-texinfo |
| texinfo | application/x-texinfo |
| tgz | application/x-compressed |
| tif | image/tiff |
| tiff | image/tiff |
| tr | application/x-troff |
| trm | application/x-msterminal |
| tsv | text/tab-separated-values |
| txt | text/plain |
| uls | text/iuls |
| ustar | application/x-ustar |
| vcf | text/x-vcard |
| vrml | x-world/x-vrml |
| wav | audio/x-wav |
| wcm | application/vnd.ms-works |
| wdb | application/vnd.ms-works |
| wks | application/vnd.ms-works |
| wmf | application/x-msmetafile |
| wps | application/vnd.ms-works |
| wri | application/x-mswrite |
| wrl | x-world/x-vrml |
| wrz | x-world/x-vrml |
| xaf | x-world/x-vrml |
| xbm | image/x-xbitmap |
| xla | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xlc | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xlm | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xls | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xlt | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xlw | application/vnd.ms-excel |
| xof | x-world/x-vrml |
| xpm | image/x-xpixmap |
| xwd | image/x-xwindowdump |
| z | application/x-compress |
| zip | application/zip |
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