代碼結構
spring01/
├── pom.xml
├── spring01.iml
└── src/├── main/│ ├── java/│ │ └── com/│ │ └── demo/│ │ ├── bean/│ │ │ ├── Demo.java│ │ │ ├── Emp1.java│ │ │ ├── Emp2.java│ │ │ └── User.java│ │ ├── dao/│ │ │ ├── UserDao.java│ │ │ └── impl/│ │ │ ├── MysqlUserDaoImpl.java│ │ │ └── OracleUserDaoImpl.java│ │ ├── factory/│ │ │ ├── Emp1Factory.java│ │ │ ├── Emp2Factory.java│ │ │ └── UserDaoFactory.java│ │ ├── service/│ │ │ ├── UserService.java│ │ │ └── impl/│ │ │ └── UserServiceImpl.java│ │ └── test/│ │ └── UserTest.java│ └── resources/│ ├── UserDao.properties│ ├── applicationContext-實例工廠創建Bean.xml│ ├── applicationContext-普通構建方法創建Bean.xml│ ├── applicationContext-靜態工廠創建Bean.xml│ ├── applicationContext.xml│ └── logback.xml└── test/└── java/└── com/└── demo/├── LoggerTest.java├── TestDemo.java└── UserTest.java
該項目是一個Spring框架練習項目,主要圍繞以下核心目標進行實踐:
一、核心技術練習
-
Spring IoC容器與Bean管理
- 實現了多種Bean創建方式(普通構造方法、靜態工廠、實例工廠)
- 對應配置文件:
applicationContext-*.xml
系列文件
-
設計模式應用
- 工廠模式:通過
Emp1Factory
、Emp2Factory
等類實現對象創建封裝 - 接口編程:
UserDao
接口+Mysql/Oracle
多實現類
- 工廠模式:通過
-
分層架構實踐
com.demo ├── bean // 數據模型層(User.java等實體類) ├── dao // 數據訪問層(數據庫操作接口及實現) ├── service // 業務邏輯層(服務接口及實現) └── factory // 對象工廠層(創建Bean的工廠類)
二、功能模塊說明
- 數據訪問:通過
UserDao
及實現類操作數據庫,支持多數據庫類型(MySQL/Oracle) - 依賴注入:使用Spring容器管理對象依賴關系
- 日志系統:集成logback日志框架(
logback.xml
配置) - 配置管理:通過
UserDao.properties
實現配置外部化
三、測試覆蓋
- 單元測試:
LoggerTest
(日志測試)、UserTest
(用戶功能測試)等測試類 - 測試規范:遵循與主代碼相同的包結構,確保測試代碼可維護性
四、項目特點
- 性質:通過多種配置文件和工廠類展示不同實現方式
- 結構清晰:嚴格遵循Maven項目規范和分層架構設計
- 可擴展性:通過接口和工廠模式預留功能擴展點
該項目適合初學者理解Spring核心概念、設計模式應用及企業級項目分層架構思想。
實體類 bean
package com.demo.bean;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;public class Demo {private List<String> list;private Set<String> set;private Map<String,String> map;private Properties properties;public List<String> getList() {return list;}public void setList(List<String> list) {this.list = list;}public Set<String> getSet() {return set;}public void setSet(Set<String> set) {this.set = set;}public Map<String, String> getMap() {return map;}public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {this.map = map;}public Properties getProperties() {return properties;}public void setProperties(Properties properties) {this.properties = properties;}
}
package com.demo.bean;public class Emp1 {public void update1(){System.out.println("Emp1的update1()方法被調用。。。 。。。");}
}
package com.demo.bean;public class Emp2 {public void update2(){System.out.println("Emp2的update2()方法被調用。。。 。。。");}
}
package com.demo.bean;public class User {private Integer userId;private String username;private String password;public Integer getUserId() {return userId;}public void setUserId(Integer userId) {this.userId = userId;}public String getUsername() {return username;}public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}public String getPassword() {return password;}public void setPassword(String password) {this.password = password;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "User{" +"userId=" + userId +", username='" + username + '\'' +", password='" + password + '\'' +'}';}
}
dao層
import com.demo.bean.User;public interface UserDao {public boolean updateUser(User user);
}import com.demo.bean.User;
import com.demo.dao.UserDao;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;public class MysqlUserDaoImpl implements UserDao {@Overridepublic boolean updateUser(User user) {Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MysqlUserDaoImpl.class);logger.info("Mysql正在進行修改操作:updateUser();");return true;}
}import com.demo.bean.User;
import com.demo.dao.UserDao;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;public class OracleUserDaoImpl implements UserDao {@Overridepublic boolean updateUser(User user) {Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OracleUserDaoImpl.class);logger.info("Oracle正在進行修改操作:updateUser();");return true;}
}
簡單工廠模式
import com.demo.bean.Emp1;public class Emp1Factory {
public static Emp1 getInstance(){return new Emp1();
}
}package com.demo.factory;import com.demo.bean.Emp2;public class Emp2Factory {public Emp2 getInstance() {return new Emp2();}
}package com.demo.factory;import com.demo.dao.UserDao;import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;public class UserDaoFactory {public UserDao getInstance() {UserDao userDao = null;try {//讀取屬性文件Properties properties = new Properties();InputStream in = UserDaoFactory.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("UserDao.properties");properties.load(in);//通過key獲取全名字符串String userDaoFullName = properties.getProperty("userDao");//通過反射獲取類的實例對象userDao = (UserDao) Class.forName(userDaoFullName).newInstance();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return userDao;}
}
service層
import com.demo.bean.User;public interface UserService {public boolean updateUser(User user);
}package com.demo.service.impl;import com.demo.bean.User;
import com.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.demo.factory.UserDaoFactory;
import com.demo.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** 1.UserDao 的實現類不由UserServiceImpl來決定,而是由UserDaoFactory來決定<第一種>* 2.控制權從UserServiceImpl轉移到了UserDaoFactory,這就是控制反轉IOC/DI*/
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{/** <第一種>UserDaoFactory userDaoFactory=new UserDaoFactory();UserDao userDao=userDaoFactory.getInstance();*/@Autowiredprivate UserDao userDao;public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {this.userDao = userDao;}// private UserDao userDao=new UserDaoFactory.getInstance();//報錯// private UserDao userDao=new MysqlUserDaoImpl();//private UserDao userDao=new OracleUserDaoImpl();@Overridepublic boolean updateUser(User user) {return userDao.updateUser(user);}
}
測試
日志測試
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;public class LoggerTest {@Testpublic void loggerTest() {//System.out.println(LoggerFactory.getLogger("hello"));Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerTest.class);//slf4j日志的級別logger.trace("trace");logger.debug("debug");logger.info("info");logger.warn("warn");logger.error("error");//拼接logger.info("Welcome to {} {} ", "www.51zxw.net", "go!");}}
測試 applicationContext.xml 配置文件的配置
package com.demo;import com.demo.bean.Demo;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;import java.util.*;public class TestDemo {Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerTest.class);@Testpublic void testDemo() {ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");Demo demo = (Demo) context.getBean("demo");List<String> list = demo.getList();logger.info("list----------------------");for (String s : list) {logger.info(s);}logger.info("set----------------------");Set<String> set = demo.getSet();for (String s : set) {logger.info(s);}logger.info("map----------------------");Map<String, String> map = demo.getMap();Set<String> keySet = map.keySet();Iterator<String> iterator = keySet.iterator();while (iterator.hasNext()) {String key = iterator.next();String value = map.get(key);logger.info(key + " " + value);}logger.info("properties----------------------");Properties properties = demo.getProperties();String userId = properties.getProperty("userId");String username = properties.getProperty("username");String password = properties.getProperty("password");logger.info(userId);logger.info(username);logger.info(password);}
}
測試其他集中配置文件管理Bean
package com.demo;import com.demo.bean.Emp1;
import com.demo.bean.Emp2;
import com.demo.bean.User;
import com.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.demo.service.UserService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/*** 1.從SpringIOC容器工廠中獲取一個User對象* a。獲取工廠BeanFactory* b。getBean()返回對象* 2.ApplicationContext是BeanFactory的子接口(實際上也是工廠)*/
public class UserTest {Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerTest.class);/*** 測試普通構造方法創建的Bean*/@Testpublic void userTest() {//獲取BeanFactory的子接口,它是用來獲得配置在SpringIOC容器的對象ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");//從SpringIOC容器工廠中獲取一個User對象User user = (User) context.getBean("user");if (null != user) {logger.info(user.toString());}}/*** 測試普通構造方法創建的Bean*/@Testpublic void userDaoTest() {//獲取BeanFactory的子接口,它是用來獲得配置在SpringIOC容器的對象ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-實例工廠創建Bean.xml");//從SpringIOC容器工廠中獲取一個User對象UserDao userDao = (UserDao) context.getBean("userDao");if (null != userDao) {userDao.updateUser(null);}}/*** 靜態工廠創建Bean*/@Testpublic void emp1Test() {//獲取BeanFactory的子接口,它是用來獲得配置在SpringIOC容器的對象ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-實例工廠創建Bean.xml");//從SpringIOC容器工廠中獲取一個User對象Emp1 emp1 = (Emp1) context.getBean("emp1");if (null != emp1) {emp1.update1();}}/*** 實例工廠創建Bean*/@Testpublic void emp2Test() {//獲取BeanFactory的子接口,它是用來獲得配置在SpringIOC容器的對象ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-實例工廠創建Bean.xml");//從SpringIOC容器工廠中獲取一個User對象Emp2 emp2 = (Emp2) context.getBean("emp2");if (null != emp2) {emp2.update2();}}@Testpublic void userServiceTest() {//獲取BeanFactory的子接口,它是用來獲得配置在SpringIOC容器的對象ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");//從SpringIOC容器工廠中獲取一個User對象UserService userService = (UserService) context.getBean("userService");if (null != userService) {userService.updateUser(null);}}
}
測試第一種被UserDaoFactory來決定實現的方式
要解開注解,UserServiceImpl
代碼改為
UserDaoFactory userDaoFactory=new UserDaoFactory();UserDao userDao=userDaoFactory.getInstance();
// @Autowired
// private UserDao userDao;
// 其余不變
package com.demo.test;import com.demo.bean.User;
import com.demo.service.UserService;
import com.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;public class UserTest {public static void main(String[] args) {UserService userService=new UserServiceImpl();User user=new User();userService.updateUser(user);}
}
配置文件
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><!-- 創建對象--><bean id="user" class="com.demo.bean.User"><!-- 為對象注入屬性值 --><property name="userId" value="1"></property><property name="username" value="張三"></property><property name="password" value="123456"></property></bean><!-- 1.創建屬性對象MysqlUserDaoImpl(如果是Besn類型)a.必須添加setter()方法注入屬性;b.通過構造方法注入屬性2.創建userService--><bean id="userDao" class="com.demo.dao.impl.MysqlUserDaoImpl"></bean><bean id="userService" class="com.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"><!-- ref是通過引用userDao,然后找到實現類 --><property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property></bean><!--集合屬性的注入:list:添加list節點,然后如果集合中的數據是引用數據類型需要使用ref節點,如果是基本數據類型用valueset:添加set節點,然后如果集合中的數據是引用數據類型需要使用ref節點,如果是基本數據類型用valuemap:添加map節點,由于map中儲存的是key和value鍵值對,需要添加一個entry節點對應key,如果數據是引用數據類型需要使用ref節點,如果是基本數據類型用value對應value,如果數據是引用數據類型需要使用ref節點,如果是基本數據類型用valueproperties:添加props節點,然后在添加prop--><bean id="demo" class="com.demo.bean.Demo"><property name="list"><list><value>喬丹</value><value>科比</value><!--<bean>ref的配置</bean>--><!-- <ref>如果是類類型,或者引用數據類型,需要ref</ref>--></list></property><property name="set"><set><value>姚明</value><value>易建聯</value><value>王致和</value></set></property><property name="map"><map><entry><key><value>001</value></key><value>籃球</value></entry><entry><key><value>002</value></key><value>足球</value></entry><entry><key><value>003</value></key><value>乒乓球</value></entry></map></property><property name="properties"><props><prop key="userId">1</prop><prop key="username">test</prop><prop key="password">123456</prop></props></property></bean>
</beans>
applicationContext-實例工廠創建Bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><!--采用實例工廠創建Bean1.創建Emp22.創建Emp2Factory靜態工廠3.編寫配置文件,注意和普通工廠對比,多兩個屬性配置factory-method="靜態方法名"factory-bean屬性的配置總結:相比普通構造方法創建Bean而言稍微麻煩一些,所以很少用--><bean id="emp2Factory" class="com.demo.factory.Emp2Factory"></bean><bean id="emp2" factory-bean="emp2Factory" factory-method="getInstance"></bean>
</beans>
applicationContext-普通構建方法創建Bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><!-- Spring容器--><!--采用普通的構造方法來創建Bean--><bean id="userService" class="com.demo.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"></bean><bean id="userDao" class="com.demo.dao.impl.MysqlUserDaoImpl"></bean><!-- 采用普通的構建方法創建User--><bean id="user" class="com.demo.bean.User"></bean></beans>
applicationContext-靜態工廠創建Bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--采用靜態工廠創建Bean
1.創建Emp1
2.創建Emp1Factory靜態工廠
3.編寫配置文件,注意和普通工廠對比,多一個屬性配置factory-method="靜態方法名"總結:相比普通構造方法創建Bean而言稍微麻煩一些,所以很少用
-->
<bean id="emp1" class="com.demo.factory.Emp1Factory" factory-method="getInstance"></bean></beans>
logback.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration><!--輸出日志到控制臺 appender追加--><appender name="consoleLog" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"><!--負責把事件轉成字符串,格式化日志信息的輸出--><layout><pattern><!--%p是日志優先級%d是日期,%msg是日志消息%n換行-->[%p]%d-%msg%n</pattern></layout></appender><appender name="fileLog" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"><filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"><level>debug</level><onMatch>DENY</onMatch></filter><encoder><pattern>[%p]%d-%msg%n</pattern></encoder><!-- 指定文件的輸出位置--><rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"><fileNamePattern></fileNamePattern></rollingPolicy></appender>
<!-- 控制臺可以輸出的級別 --><root level="info"><appender-ref ref="consoleLog"></appender-ref><appender-ref ref="fileLog"></appender-ref></root>
</configuration>
UserDao.properties
userDao=com.demo.dao.impl.OracleUserDaoImpl