## 概述
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MySQL MCP（MySQL Multi-Channel Protocol）是MySQL的多通道協議實現，提供了高效的數據庫連接池和負載均衡功能。本文檔將介紹MySQL MCP的基本使用方法和常見案例。
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## 環境準備
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### 安裝MySQL MCP
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```bash
pip install mysql-mcp
```
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### 基本配置
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創建配置文件 `mcp_config.json`:
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```json
{
??"master": {
????"host": "主數據庫IP",
????"port": 3306,
????"user": "用戶名",
????"password": "密碼",
????"database": "數據庫名"
??},
??"slaves": [
????{
??????"host": "從數據庫1IP",
??????"port": 3306,
??????"user": "用戶名",
??????"password": "密碼",
??????"database": "數據庫名"
????},
????{
??????"host": "從數據庫2IP",
??????"port": 3306,
??????"user": "用戶名",
??????"password": "密碼",
??????"database": "數據庫名"
????}
??],
??"connection_pool": {
????"min_connections": 5,
????"max_connections": 20,
????"idle_timeout": 300
??}
}
```
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## 基本使用案例
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### 案例1: 連接數據庫
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```python
from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool
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# 初始化連接池
pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")
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# 獲取連接
connection = pool.get_connection()
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try:
????# 使用連接
????with connection.cursor() as cursor:
????????cursor.execute("SELECT VERSION()")
????????version = cursor.fetchone()
????????print(f"數據庫版本: {version[0]}")
finally:
????# 歸還連接到連接池
????connection.close()
```
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### 案例2: 讀寫分離
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```python
from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool
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pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")
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# 寫操作 - 使用主庫
def insert_data(name, age):
????connection = pool.get_master_connection()
????try:
????????with connection.cursor() as cursor:
????????????sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)"
????????????cursor.execute(sql, (name, age))
????????connection.commit()
????finally:
????????connection.close()
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# 讀操作 - 使用從庫
def get_user(user_id):
????connection = pool.get_slave_connection()
????try:
????????with connection.cursor() as cursor:
????????????sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = %s"
????????????cursor.execute(sql, (user_id,))
????????????return cursor.fetchone()
????finally:
????????connection.close()
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# 使用示例
insert_data("張三", 25)
user = get_user(1)
print(user)
```
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### 案例3: 事務處理
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```python
from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool
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pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")
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def transfer_money(from_account, to_account, amount):
????connection = pool.get_master_connection()
????try:
????????connection.begin()
????????with connection.cursor() as cursor:
????????????# 檢查余額
????????????cursor.execute("SELECT balance FROM accounts WHERE id = %s FOR UPDATE", (from_account,))
????????????from_balance = cursor.fetchone()[0]
????????????if from_balance < amount:
????????????????raise Exception("余額不足")
????????????# 更新轉出賬戶
????????????cursor.execute("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - %s WHERE id = %s",
??????????????????????????(amount, from_account))
????????????# 更新轉入賬戶
????????????cursor.execute("UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + %s WHERE id = %s",
??????????????????????????(amount, to_account))
????????connection.commit()
????????return True
????except Exception as e:
????????connection.rollback()
????????print(f"轉賬失敗: {e}")
????????return False
????finally:
????????connection.close()
```
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### 案例4: 批量操作
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```python
from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool
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pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")
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def batch_insert(users):
????connection = pool.get_master_connection()
????try:
????????with connection.cursor() as cursor:
????????????sql = "INSERT INTO users (name, age, email) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)"
????????????cursor.executemany(sql, users)
????????connection.commit()
????????print(f"成功插入 {len(users)} 條記錄")
????finally:
????????connection.close()
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# 批量插入示例
users_data = [
????("李四", 30, "lisi@example.com"),
????("王五", 25, "wangwu@example.com"),
????("趙六", 35, "zhaoliu@example.com")
]
batch_insert(users_data)
```
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### 案例5: 連接池監控
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```python
from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool
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pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json")
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# 獲取連接池狀態
def get_pool_status():
????status = pool.get_status()
????print(f"總連接數: {status['total_connections']}")
????print(f"活躍連接數: {status['active_connections']}")
????print(f"空閑連接數: {status['idle_connections']}")
????print(f"等待連接數: {status['waiting_connections']}")
????return status
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# 使用示例
get_pool_status()
```
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## 高級用法
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### 自定義負載均衡策略
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```python
from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool, LoadBalancer
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class CustomLoadBalancer(LoadBalancer):
????def select_slave(self, slaves):
????????# 自定義選擇從庫的邏輯
????????# 例如: 根據從庫的響應時間來選擇
????????return min(slaves, key=lambda slave: slave.response_time)
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# 使用自定義負載均衡器
pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json", load_balancer=CustomLoadBalancer())
```
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### 故障轉移處理
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```python
from mysql_mcp import ConnectionPool, FailoverStrategy
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# 配置故障轉移策略
config = {
????"failover": {
????????"retry_attempts": 3,
????????"retry_delay": 1,
????????"auto_reconnect": True
????}
}
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pool = ConnectionPool.from_config("mcp_config.json", failover_strategy=FailoverStrategy(**config["failover"]))
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# 帶有故障轉移的查詢
def query_with_failover(sql, params=None):
????retries = 0
????while retries < 3:
????????try:
????????????connection = pool.get_connection()
????????????try:
????????????????with connection.cursor() as cursor:
????????????????????cursor.execute(sql, params)
????????????????????return cursor.fetchall()
????????????finally:
????????????????connection.close()
????????except Exception as e:
????????????retries += 1
????????????if retries >= 3:
????????????????raise Exception(f"查詢失敗，已重試3次: {e}")
????????????print(f"查詢失敗，正在重試 ({retries}/3)")
```
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## 性能優化建議
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1. **合理設置連接池大小**：根據服務器性能和負載情況調整最小和最大連接數。
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2. **監控連接使用情況**：定期檢查連接池狀態，避免連接泄漏。
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3. **設置合理的超時時間**：防止長時間未使用的連接占用資源。
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4. **使用預編譯語句**：對于頻繁執行的SQL語句，使用預編譯語句可以提高性能。
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## 總結
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MySQL MCP提供了高效的數據庫連接池管理和讀寫分離功能，通過以上案例可以看出，使用MySQL MCP可以顯著提高數據庫操作的性能和穩定性。在實際應用中，可以根據具體需求進行配置和優化，以達到最佳的使用效果。
：0x2ECC ML307R 的 USB Product ID (PID)：0x3012)
