這個東西安裝其實挺簡單的，但是因為我這邊遷移了數據目錄和使用自己安裝的 nginx 代理還是踩了幾個坑，所以大家可以注意下
先看下安裝

# 先安裝必要組件
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates tzdata perl# 添加gitlab官方倉庫
curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.deb.sh | sudo bash# 3. 安裝 GitLab，設置 external_url（這里臨時設置，后面再改，當然你也可以直接設置成自己的域名）
sudo EXTERNAL_URL="http://localhost" apt install -y gitlab-ce

正常情況上面其實就安裝好了，但是因為我的服務器系統盤內存不大，然后掛載了一個數據盤，所以這里將 GitLab 項目數據目錄遷移到掛載的數據盤 /data 目錄下

# 先停止服務
sudo gitlab-ctl stop# 在data下面創建目錄并將數據拷貝過去
sudo mkdir -p /data/gitlab
sudo rsync -a /var/opt/gitlab/ /data/gitlab/# 創建軟連接 
sudo mv /var/opt/gitlab /var/opt/gitlab.bak
sudo ln -s /data/gitlab /var/opt/gitlab# 設置權限
sudo chown -R git:git /data/gitlab
sudo chmod -R 700 /data/gitlab

接著我們再去配置域名，我們打開下面的文件

sudo vi /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb

找到 external_url 配置，就在三十行左右，換成自己的域名

改好了保存，然后執行下面的命令

sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

我這里因為自己也安裝了 nginx，然后 gitlab 本身自帶的也有 nginx ，一開始我害怕兩個會沖突所以改了很多地方的配置，導致訪問不了，或者能訪問但是頁面看不到樣式等問題，其實不用改其它配置，自帶的 nginx 是不會和你安裝的 nginx 沖突的，完全就是我想太多了

所以我們自己的nginx按下面的常規配置就可以了

# HTTP 訪問（80端口）配置
server {listen 80;server_name git.sakura.com;# 如果你希望 http 自動跳轉到 https，可以開啟這個：return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}# HTTPS 訪問（443端口）配置
server {listen 443 ssl;server_name git.sakura.com;ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/sakura.com.pem;ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/sakura.com.key;# 這里 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto 建議用 https，代表原始請求是 HTTPSlocation / {proxy_pass https://git.sakura.com;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;}access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/git.access.log;error_log  /usr/local/nginx/logs/git.error.log;
}

然后我們啟用配置

# 創建一個鏈接重啟的時候自動重啟
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/gitlab /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
# 檢查語法
sudo nginx -t
# 重啟
sudo systemctl reload nginx

然后我們重啟一下 gitlab 服務

# 重啟服務
sudo gitlab-ctl restart
#查看服務狀態
sudo gitlab-ctl status

root@ecm-74de:/etc/gitlab# sudo gitlab-ctl restart
ok: run: alertmanager: (pid 452866) 0s
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 452879) 1s
ok: run: gitlab-exporter: (pid 452910) 0s
timeout: down: gitlab-kas: 1s, normally up, want up
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 454333) 0s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 454356) 1s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 454390) 0s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 454416) 0s
timeout: down: postgresql: 1s, normally up, want up
timeout: down: prometheus: 0s, normally up, want up
ok: run: puma: (pid 457559) 0s
ok: run: redis: (pid 457903) 0s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 457906) 1s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 457932) 0s
root@ecm-74de:/etc/gitlab# curl http://127.0.0.1:4141
curl: (7) Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 4141 after 0 ms: Couldn't connect to server

我這里不知道是不是因為遷移數據目錄導致的異常，一個是 gitlab 自帶的 postgresql 啟動異常了，
還有 prometheus 也沒有啟動
一步步來解決問題

sudo cat /var/log/gitlab/postgresql/current

從日志可以看出 could not open file “/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION”: Permission denied 權限不足

2025-05-20_11:57:44.39033 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
2025-05-20_11:57:45.39713 2025-05-20 11:57:45.397 GMT [459619] LOG:  skipping missing configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf"
2025-05-20_11:57:45.39730 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
2025-05-20_11:57:46.40336 2025-05-20 11:57:46.403 GMT [459690] LOG:  skipping missing configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf"
2025-05-20_11:57:46.40353 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
2025-05-20_11:57:47.40971 2025-05-20 11:57:47.409 GMT [459747] LOG:  skipping missing configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf"
2025-05-20_11:57:47.40984 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
2025-05-20_11:57:48.41600 2025-05-20 11:57:48.415 GMT [459807] LOG:  skipping missing configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf"
2025-05-20_11:57:48.41603 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
2025-05-20_11:57:49.42262 2025-05-20 11:57:49.421 GMT [459880] LOG:  skipping missing configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf"
2025-05-20_11:57:49.42265 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
2025-05-20_11:57:50.42894 2025-05-20 11:57:50.428 GMT [459951] LOG:  skipping missing configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf"
2025-05-20_11:57:50.42896 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
2025-05-20_11:57:51.43590 2025-05-20 11:57:51.435 GMT [460011] LOG:  skipping missing configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf"
2025-05-20_11:57:51.43593 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied
2025-05-20_11:57:52.44199 2025-05-20 11:57:52.441 GMT [460081] LOG:  skipping missing configuration file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/postgresql.auto.conf"
2025-05-20_11:57:52.44202 FATAL:  could not open file "/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION": Permission denied

檢查權限

ls -ld /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql
ls -ld /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data
ls -l /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION

/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data 目錄權限是 drwx------，屬主是 gitlab-psql:git
PG_VERSION 文件權限是 -rwx------，屬主是 git:git

root@ecm-74de:/etc/gitlab# ls -ld /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql
drwxrwsr-x 3 gitlab-psql gitlab-psql 4096 May 20 11:55 /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql
root@ecm-74de:/etc/gitlab# ls -ld /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data
drwx------ 19 gitlab-psql git 4096 May 20 11:55 /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data
root@ecm-74de:/etc/gitlab# ls -l /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION
-rwx------ 1 git git 3 May 20 11:21 /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data/PG_VERSION

修改權限

sudo chown -R gitlab-psql:gitlab-psql /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/data

重啟這個服務

sudo gitlab-ctl restart postgresql

然后繼續執行，發現還有問題，主要是 redis 沒有運行，這會導致 GitLab 的緩存、隊列等功能異常，GitLab 很可能不能正常工作

sudo gitlab-ctl status

root@ecm-74de:/etc/gitlab# sudo gitlab-ctl status
down: alertmanager: 1s, normally up, want up; run: log: (pid 395505) 2191s
run: gitaly: (pid 452879) 242s; run: log: (pid 392538) 2300s
run: gitlab-exporter: (pid 452910) 241s; run: log: (pid 394981) 2209s
down: gitlab-kas: 1s, normally up, want up; run: log: (pid 392908) 2288s
run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 454333) 210s; run: log: (pid 394541) 2225s
run: logrotate: (pid 454356) 210s; run: log: (pid 392332) 2312s
run: node-exporter: (pid 454390) 209s; run: log: (pid 394827) 2215s
run: postgres-exporter: (pid 454416) 209s; run: log: (pid 395665) 2185s
run: postgresql: (pid 465371) 23s; run: log: (pid 392664) 2294s
down: prometheus: 1s, normally up, want up; run: log: (pid 395337) 2197s
run: puma: (pid 465390) 23s; run: log: (pid 394193) 2237s
down: redis: 1s, normally up, want up; run: log: (pid 392436) 2306s
run: redis-exporter: (pid 457906) 142s; run: log: (pid 395152) 2203s
run: sidekiq: (pid 465806) 16s; run: log: (pid 394350) 2231s

一樣的檢查 Redis 問題

sudo gitlab-ctl start redis
sudo gitlab-ctl status redis
sudo gitlab-ctl tail redis

可以發現一樣的問題 Fatal error: can’t open the RDB file dump.rdb for reading: Permission denied 權限不足

2025-05-20_12:02:15.00338 476331:M 20 May 2025 12:02:15.003 * Server initialized
2025-05-20_12:02:15.00339 476331:M 20 May 2025 12:02:15.003 # Fatal error: can't open the RDB file dump.rdb for reading: Permission denied
2025-05-20_12:02:15.00339 476331:M 20 May 2025 12:02:15.003 # Fatal error loading the DB, check server logs. Exiting.

查看 dump.rdb 文件權限

ls -l /var/opt/gitlab/redis/dump.rdb

確保文件所屬用戶和組為 gitlab-redis

chown gitlab-redis:gitlab-redis /var/opt/gitlab/redis/dump.rdb

確保整個 Redis 目錄權限正確：

chown -R gitlab-redis:gitlab-redis /var/opt/gitlab/redis
chmod 700 /var/opt/gitlab/redis

重新啟動 Redis

sudo gitlab-ctl restart redis

Redis 啟動后我們再看下還有沒有問題，這里 alertmanager、gitlab-kas、prometheus 還是有問題，但是因為不是主要組件就先不管了

sudo gitlab-ctl status

所有問題都解決后就可以通過域名訪問了，默認用戶是 root ，第一訪問會看到 Set new password 提示你給 root 配置密碼，當然沒看到或者忘記密碼也沒關系，我們用下面的方式重置密碼
進入控制臺

sudo gitlab-rails console

在里面一步步輸入下面命令

user = User.find_by(username: 'root')
user.password = '你的新密碼'
user.password_confirmation = '你的新密碼'
user.save!
# 退出
exit

用剛才的密碼登錄，注意沒有中文選項，但是進去后可以設置中文的

我這里已經調整了中文，大家自己根據英文對照著看

修改這里就可以了