🚀 使用 VS Code + g++ 開發 Qt GUI 項目的完整指南（Windows + MSYS2）

本指南幫助你在 Windows 下使用 VS Code + g++ + CMake + Qt6 快速搭建 Qt GUI 項目，適合熟悉 Visual Studio 的開發者向跨平臺 VS Code 工具鏈遷移。

---

🛠? 一、環境準備

1. 安裝 MSYS2

• 官網：https://www.msys2.org
• 初始化更新（MSYS2 MSYS 終端）：

  pacman -Syu
  

2. 安裝 Qt 和工具鏈（在 MinGW64 終端中）：

pacman -S \mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain \mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake \mingw-w64-x86_64-ninja \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-base \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-tools \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-declarative \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-svg \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-shadertools \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-multimedia \mingw-w64-x86_64-qt6-translations

---

📁 二、項目目錄結構

QtGuiApp/
│
├── .vscode/
│   ├── c_cpp_properties.json     # IntelliSense
│   ├── tasks.json                # 構建任務
│   ├── launch.json               # 調試配置
│
├── build/                        # 構建輸出目錄
├── CMakeLists.txt                # CMake 配置
├── main.cpp                      # 主程序
├── mainwindow.cpp / .h / .ui     # Qt 主窗口

---

?? 三、CMake 配置 CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(QtGuiApp LANGUAGES CXX)set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Widgets)add_executable(QtGuiAppmain.cppmainwindow.cppmainwindow.hmainwindow.ui
)target_link_libraries(QtGuiApp PRIVATE Qt6::Widgets)

---

💡 四、VS Code 配置

1. IntelliSense .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json

{"configurations": [{"name": "Win32","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","C:/msys64/mingw64/include","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/14.2.0","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/c++/14.2.0/x86_64-w64-mingw32","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/Qt6","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/Qt6/QtWidgets","C:/msys64/mingw64/include/Qt6/QtCore"],"defines": ["_DEBUG", "UNICODE"],"compilerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/g++.exe","cStandard": "c17","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x64"}],"version": 4
}

2. 構建與運行任務 .vscode/tasks.json

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "CMake Configure","type": "shell","command": "cmake -S . -B build -G Ninja","group": "build"},{"label": "CMake Build","type": "shell","command": "cmake --build build","group": "build","dependsOn": ["CMake Configure"]},{"label": "Run Executable","type": "shell","command": ".\\build\\QtGuiApp.exe","group": {"kind": "test","isDefault": true},"dependsOn": ["CMake Build"]}]
}

3. 調試配置 .vscode/launch.json

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "Debug Qt App","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/QtGuiApp.exe","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build","environment": [],"externalConsole": false,"MIMode": "gdb","miDebuggerPath": "C:/msys64/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe","setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}]}]
}

---

📦 五、使用 windeployqt 打包 Qt GUI 應用

在 MSYS2 MinGW64 終端中，使用以下命令將 Qt 依賴復制到可執行文件目錄：

cd build
windeployqt QtGuiApp.exe

該命令會自動將 Qt DLL、平臺插件、SVG 模塊等復制至當前目錄，生成可獨立運行的 .exe 包。

---

🔍 六、Visual Studio 與 VS Code 使用差異對比

特性	Visual Studio	VS Code + g++ + CMake
工程結構	.sln, .vcxproj 圖形化工程	CMakeLists.txt 構建系統
編譯器	MSVC	g++ (MinGW64 from MSYS2)
構建方式	菜單或按鈕自動構建	tasks.json 自定義任務/命令行構建
調試器	內建 VS 調試器	gdb + launch.json 配置調試
跨平臺	Windows 為主	跨平臺：Windows / Linux / macOS
UI 設計工具	Qt Designer 插件或內嵌	獨立 Qt Designer（.ui 文件）

---

? 附：檢查 g++ 支持的 C++ 標準版本

g++ -std=c++17 -dM -E - < nul | findstr __cplusplus

---