【實驗內容】

用MATLAB的GUI程序設計一個具備圖像邊緣檢測功能的用戶界面，該設計程序有以下基本功能：

（1）圖像的讀取和保存。

（2）設計圖形用戶界面，讓用戶對圖像進行彩色圖像到灰度圖像的轉換，并顯示原圖和灰度圖像。

（3）設計圖形用戶界面，讓用戶能夠根據需要來選擇邊緣檢測算子，即選擇邊緣檢測的方法。

（4）設計圖形用戶界面，讓用戶能夠自行設定檢測的閾值和方向。

（5）顯示邊緣檢測后的圖像，并與原圖和灰度圖像進行對比。

【實驗步驟】

1、建立菜單，選項包括“文件”（打開、保存、退出）、“檢測方法”（sobel、prewitt、roberts、canny）和“幫助”。

建立3個坐標軸對象，用于顯示原始圖像、灰度圖像和邊緣檢測后的圖像。

建立1個按鈕，用于將原始圖像轉換為灰度圖像。

建立1個文本編輯框，用于輸入數據。

建立菜單，選項包括“文件”（打開、保存、退出）、“檢測方法”（sobel、prewitt、roberts、canny）和“幫助”。

五個靜態文本框的string屬性分別為“原圖”、“灰度圖像”、“檢測圖像”、“設定閾值”和“檢測方向”。

三個坐標軸的Tag標識分別為original_image、gray_image、test_image。

按鈕控件的string屬性為“灰度轉換”，Tag標識為rgbtogray。

文本編輯框的Tag標識為thresh_value。

列表框的string屬性為horizontal、vertical、both，Tag標識為direction。

編寫代碼完成程序中的變量賦值、輸入、輸出等工作，打開對應文件，在對應函數位置添加如下程序，其他代碼不變。

function varargout = m240531(varargin)
% M240531 MATLAB code for m240531.fig
%      M240531, by itself, creates a new M240531 or raises the existing
%      singleton*.
%
%      H = M240531 returns the handle to a new M240531 or the handle to
%      the existing singleton*.
%
%      M240531('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
%      function named CALLBACK in M240531.M with the given input arguments.
%
%      M240531('Property','Value',...) creates a new M240531 or raises the
%      existing singleton*.  Starting from the left, property value pairs are
%      applied to the GUI before m240531_OpeningFcn gets called.  An
%      unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
%      stop.  All inputs are passed to m240531_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
%      *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu.  Choose "GUI allows only one
%      instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES% Edit the above text to modify the response to help m240531% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 31-May-2024 11:43:02% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name',       mfilename, ...'gui_Singleton',  gui_Singleton, ...'gui_OpeningFcn', @m240531_OpeningFcn, ...'gui_OutputFcn',  @m240531_OutputFcn, ...'gui_LayoutFcn',  [] , ...'gui_Callback',   []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
endif nargout[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT% --- Executes just before m240531 is made visible.
function m240531_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin   command line arguments to m240531 (see VARARGIN)% Choose default command line output for m240531
handles.output = hObject;% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);% UIWAIT makes m240531 wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = m240531_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles) 
% varargout  cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject    handle to figure
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;% --- Executes on button press in rgbtogray.
function rgbtogray_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to rgbtogray (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
gray=rgb2gray(handles.img)
set(handles.gray_image, 'HandleVisibility', 'ON');
axes(handles.gray_image)
imshow(gray);
handles.img=gray;
guidata(hObject,handles);function thresh_value_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to thresh_value (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of thresh_value as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of thresh_value as a double% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function thresh_value_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to thresh_value (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end% --- Executes on selection change in direction.
function direction_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to direction (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns direction contents as cell array
%        contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from direction% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function direction_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to direction (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Untitled_1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Untitled_2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Untitled_3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Untitled_3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Sobel_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Sobel (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
v1=str2double(get(handles.thresh_value, 'string' ));
contents=get(handles.direction,'string');
v2=contents{(get(handles.direction,'value'))};
edge_sobel=edge(handles.img,'sobel',v1,v2);
set(handles.test_image, 'HandleVisibility','ON');
axes(handles.test_image);
imshow(edge_sobel)
handles.img=edge_sobel;
guidata(hObject,handles);% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Prewitt_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Prewitt (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
v1=str2double(get(handles.thresh_value,'string'))
contents=get(handles.direction, 'string');
v2=contents{(get(handles.direction,'value' ))};
edge_prewitt=edge(handles.img, 'prewitt' ,v1,v2);
set(handles.test_image, 'HandleVisibility','ON');
axes(handles.test_image);
imshow(edge_prewitt)
handles.img=edge_prewitt;
guidata(hObject,handles);% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Roberts_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Roberts (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
v1=str2double(get(handles.thresh_value,'string'))
contents=get(handles.direction, 'string');
v2=contents{(get(handles.direction,'value'))};
edge_roberts=edge(handles.img, 'roberts' ,v1,v2);
set(handles.test_image, 'HandleVisibility','ON');
axes(handles.test_image);
imshow(edge_roberts)
handles.img=edge_roberts;
guidata(hObject,handles);% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function Canny_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to Canny (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
v1=str2double(get(handles.thresh_value, 'string'));
contents=get(handles.direction,'string');
v2=contents{(get(handles.direction,'value'))};
edge_canny=edge(handles.img,'canny',v1, v2);
set(handles.test_image, 'HandleVisibility','ON');
axes(handles.test_image);
imshow(edge_canny);
handles.img=edge_canny;
guidata(hObject,handles);% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function open_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to open (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[filename,pathname] = uigetfile({'*.jpg';'*.bmp';'*.tif';'*.*'},'載入圖像');
if isequal(filename,0) || isequal(pathname,0)errordlg('沒有選中文件','出錯');return;
elsefile=[pathname,filename];global SS=file;x=imread(file);set(handles.original_image,'HandleVisibility','ON');axes(handles.original_image);imshow(x);handles.img=x;guidata(hObject,handles);
end% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function save_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to save (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[sfilename,sfilepath]=uiputfile({'*.jpg';'*.bmp';'*.tif';'*.*'}, ...'保存圖像文件','untitled.jpg');
if ~isequal([sfilename,sfilepath],[0,0])sfileullname = [sfilepath,sfilename];imwrite(handles.img, sfilefullname);
elsemsgbox('你按了取消鍵','保存失敗');
end% --------------------------------------------------------------------
function exit_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to exit (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

1. 執行程序后，單擊菜單欄中的文件，打開圖片，在原圖位置會顯示彩色圖像，單擊“灰度轉換”按鈕，在灰度圖像位置會顯示轉換后的灰度圖像，在“設定閾值”框輸入0.1，選擇“檢測方向”為both，再在“檢測方法”菜單中選擇Canny，即可在“檢測圖像”的位置顯示邊緣檢測后的圖像，最后在“文件”菜單中選擇“保存”，即可保存最終分割后的邊緣檢測圖。

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