C# VB.NET多進程-管道通信，命名管道（Named Pipes）

要向已運行的進程發送特定命令（如/exit），而不是啟動新進程，需要使用進程間通信（IPC）機制。以下是幾種常見的實現方法：

一、使用命名管道（Named Pipes）

如果ABC.EXE支持通過命名管道接收命令，可以這樣實現：

1. 在 ABC.EXE 中添加管道服務器代碼

' ABC.EXE 中添加以下代碼（需在啟動時運行）
Imports System.IO.PipesPublic Sub StartPipeServer()Dim thread As New Threading.Thread(AddressOf PipeServerThread)thread.IsBackground = Truethread.Start()
End SubPrivate Sub PipeServerThread()TryWhile TrueUsing server As New NamedPipeServerStream("ABCControlPipe")Console.WriteLine("等待客戶端連接...")server.WaitForConnection()Using reader As New StreamReader(server)Dim command As String = reader.ReadLine()Console.WriteLine($"收到命令: {command}")' 處理命令If command = "/exit" Then' 執行退出邏輯Application.Exit()End IfEnd UsingEnd UsingEnd WhileCatch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"管道服務器錯誤: {ex.Message}")End Try
End Sub

2. 在監控程序中發送命令

Imports System.IO.PipesPublic Sub SendCommandToRunningProcess(command As String)TryUsing client As New NamedPipeClientStream(".", "ABCControlPipe", PipeDirection.Out)client.Connect(2000)  ' 等待2秒連接Using writer As New StreamWriter(client)writer.WriteLine(command)writer.Flush()Console.WriteLine($"命令已發送: {command}")End UsingEnd UsingCatch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"發送命令失敗: {ex.Message}")End Try
End Sub' 使用示例
SendCommandToRunningProcess("/exit")

二、使用命令行參數 + 進程查找

如果ABC.EXE支持通過創建特定文件或命令行參數觸發行為，可以這樣實現：

1. 修改 ABC.EXE 定期檢查命令文件

' 在ABC.EXE中添加定時檢查邏輯
Private Sub StartCommandChecker()Dim timer As New Timer(1000)  ' 每秒檢查一次AddHandler timer.Elapsed, AddressOf CheckForCommandstimer.Start()
End SubPrivate Sub CheckForCommands(sender As Object, e As ElapsedEventArgs)Dim commandFile As String = Path.Combine(Application.StartupPath, "command.txt")If File.Exists(commandFile) ThenTryDim command As String = File.ReadAllText(commandFile)File.Delete(commandFile)  ' 處理后刪除If command = "/exit" ThenApplication.Exit()End IfCatch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"讀取命令文件失敗: {ex.Message}")End TryEnd If
End Sub

2. 在監控程序中創建命令文件

Public Sub SendCommandToRunningProcess(command As String)Dim commandFile As String = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(Process.GetProcessesByName("ABC").FirstOrDefault()?.MainModule.FileName),"command.txt")TryFile.WriteAllText(commandFile, command)Console.WriteLine($"命令已寫入文件: {command}")Catch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"發送命令失敗: {ex.Message}")End Try
End Sub

三、使用 Windows 消息（適用于有窗口的進程）

如果ABC.EXE有隱藏窗口，可以發送自定義 Windows 消息：

1. 在 ABC.EXE 中注冊并處理自定義消息

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServicesPublic Class MainForm' 注冊自定義消息Private Const WM_USER As Integer = &H400Private Const WM_EXIT_COMMAND As Integer = WM_USER + 100<DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)>Private Shared Function RegisterWindowMessage(ByVal lpString As String) As IntegerEnd FunctionPrivate exitMessageId As Integer = RegisterWindowMessage("ABC_EXIT_COMMAND")Protected Overrides Sub WndProc(ByRef m As Message)If m.Msg = exitMessageId OrElse m.Msg = WM_EXIT_COMMAND Then' 處理退出命令Application.Exit()ReturnEnd IfMyBase.WndProc(m)End Sub
End Class

2. 在監控程序中發送消息

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServicesPublic Sub SendExitMessageToProcess()Dim processes() As Process = Process.GetProcessesByName("ABC")If processes.Length > 0 ThenDim mainWindowHandle As IntPtr = processes(0).MainWindowHandleIf mainWindowHandle <> IntPtr.Zero Then' 注冊相同的消息IDDim exitMessageId As Integer = RegisterWindowMessage("ABC_EXIT_COMMAND")' 發送消息PostMessage(mainWindowHandle, exitMessageId, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero)Console.WriteLine("退出消息已發送")ElseConsole.WriteLine("未找到主窗口句柄")End IfEnd If
End Sub<DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)>
Private Shared Function RegisterWindowMessage(ByVal lpString As String) As Integer
End Function<DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet:=CharSet.Auto)>
Private Shared Function PostMessage(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, ByVal Msg As Integer, ByVal wParam As IntPtr, ByVal lParam As IntPtr) As Boolean
End Function

四、總結

選擇哪種方法取決于ABC.EXE的實現：

優先使用命名管道：靈活且安全，需修改ABC.EXE代碼。
命令文件方式：簡單但有延遲（取決于檢查頻率）。
Windows 消息：適用于有窗口的進程。

如果無法修改ABC.EXE，可考慮使用外部工具（如 AutoHotkey 發送模擬按鍵），但可靠性較低。

如果多個進程,管道名稱是否要不一樣?

是的，如果需要同時管理多個進程實例，每個進程的管道名稱必須唯一。否則，不同進程會監聽同一個管道，導致命令混淆或無法正確識別目標進程。以下是幾種實現多進程管道通信的方案：

一、基于進程 ID（PID）的唯一管道名稱

最簡單的方法是將進程 ID（PID）作為管道名稱的一部分：

1. 在 ABC.EXE 中創建唯一管道

Imports System.IO.PipesPublic Class ABCApplicationPrivate pipeServer As NamedPipeServerStreamPrivate pipeName As StringPublic Sub StartPipeServer()' 使用進程ID生成唯一管道名稱pipeName = $"ABCControlPipe_{Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id}"' 創建并啟動管道服務器pipeServer = New NamedPipeServerStream(pipeName, PipeDirection.InOut)Dim thread As New Threading.Thread(AddressOf HandleIncomingConnections)thread.IsBackground = Truethread.Start()End SubPrivate Sub HandleIncomingConnections()TryWhile TruepipeServer.WaitForConnection()' 處理命令...Using reader As New StreamReader(pipeServer)Dim command As String = reader.ReadLine()If command = "/exit" Then' 優雅退出邏輯Application.Exit()End IfEnd Using' 重置管道以接收下一個連接pipeServer.Disconnect()End WhileCatch ex As Exception' 錯誤處理End TryEnd Sub
End Class

2. 在監控程序中發送命令到特定進程

Imports System.IO.PipesPublic Sub SendCommandToProcess(pid As Integer, command As String)Dim pipeName As String = $"ABCControlPipe_{pid}"TryUsing client As New NamedPipeClientStream(".", pipeName, PipeDirection.Out)client.Connect(2000)  ' 2秒超時Using writer As New StreamWriter(client)writer.WriteLine(command)writer.Flush()End UsingEnd UsingCatch ex As ExceptionConsole.WriteLine($"發送命令到進程 {pid} 失敗: {ex.Message}")End Try
End Sub' 示例：向所有ABC進程發送退出命令
Public Sub SendExitToAllProcesses()Dim processes() As Process = Process.GetProcessesByName("ABC")For Each proc In processesSendCommandToProcess(proc.Id, "/exit")Next
End Sub

二、使用中央管道管理器（更高級的方案）

如果進程數量較多或需要更復雜的管理，可以實現一個中央管道管理器：

1. 中央管理器設計

Imports System.Collections.ConcurrentPublic Class PipeManagerPrivate Shared pipeMap As New ConcurrentDictionary(Of Integer, NamedPipeServerStream)' 注冊新進程的管道Public Shared Function RegisterProcess(pid As Integer) As StringDim pipeName As String = $"ABCControlPipe_{Guid.NewGuid()}"  ' 使用GUID確保唯一性Dim server As New NamedPipeServerStream(pipeName, PipeDirection.InOut)pipeMap.TryAdd(pid, server)' 啟動監聽線程Dim thread As New Threading.Thread(Sub() HandleConnections(pid, server))thread.IsBackground = Truethread.Start()Return pipeNameEnd Function' 處理管道連接Private Shared Sub HandleConnections(pid As Integer, server As NamedPipeServerStream)TryWhile pipeMap.ContainsKey(pid)server.WaitForConnection()' 處理命令...Using reader As New StreamReader(server)Dim command As String = reader.ReadLine()' 根據PID轉發命令到對應進程End Usingserver.Disconnect()End WhileCatch ex As Exception' 錯誤處理End TryEnd Sub' 向特定進程發送命令Public Shared Sub SendCommand(pid As Integer, command As String)If pipeMap.TryGetValue(pid, out Dim server) Then' 通過管道發送命令...End IfEnd Sub
End Class

2. 進程端注冊

' 在ABC.EXE啟動時
Public Sub Main()' 向管理器注冊自己并獲取唯一管道名稱Dim pipeName As String = PipeManager.RegisterProcess(Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id)' 保存管道名稱用于后續通信My.Settings.PipeName = pipeNameMy.Settings.Save()' 其他初始化邏輯...
End Sub