Vue3+Spring boot 前后端防抖增強方案

我將基于您提供的防抖切面代碼進行改進，主要優化點包括使用Redis實現分布式防抖、增強鍵生成策略、改進異常處理等。以下是完整的改進方案：

1. 改進的防抖注解 (`Debounce.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.anno;import java.lang.annotation.*;@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Debounce {/*** 防抖時間（毫秒），默認5秒*/long value() default 5000;/*** 自定義鍵值（支持SpEL表達式）*/String key() default "";/*** 防抖鍵類型*/KeyType keyType() default KeyType.METHOD;/*** 錯誤提示信息*/String message() default "操作過于頻繁，請稍后再試";enum KeyType {METHOD,     // 方法級別防抖（默認）USER,       // 用戶級別防抖（需要用戶上下文）IP,         // IP級別防抖PARAM,      // 參數級別防抖（基于參數值）CUSTOM      // 完全自定義鍵}
}

2. 改進的防抖工具類 (`DebounceUtil.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.utils;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.expression.Expression;
import org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.support.StandardEvaluationContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Component
public class DebounceUtil {@Autowiredprivate StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;private static final ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();/*** 檢查并設置防抖鎖* @param key 防抖鍵* @param debounceTime 防抖時間（毫秒）* @return 是否允許操作（true：允許，false：防抖中）*/public boolean checkAndSet(String key, long debounceTime) {// 使用SETNX+EXPIRE原子操作Boolean result = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, "1", debounceTime, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);return result != null && result;}/*** 生成防抖鍵* @param joinPoint 切點* @param keyType 鍵類型* @param customKey 自定義鍵表達式* @return 生成的防抖鍵*/public String generateKey(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Debounce.KeyType keyType, String customKey) {MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();String methodName = signature.getDeclaringTypeName() + "#" + signature.getName();// 1. 處理自定義SpEL表達式if (keyType == Debounce.KeyType.CUSTOM && StringUtils.hasText(customKey)) {return evaluateSpEL(joinPoint, customKey);}// 2. 處理其他鍵類型switch (keyType) {case USER:return "DEBOUNCE:USER:" + getCurrentUserId() + ":" + methodName;case IP:return "DEBOUNCE:IP:" + getClientIp() + ":" + methodName;case PARAM:return "DEBOUNCE:PARAM:" + methodName + ":" + Arrays.hashCode(joinPoint.getArgs());case CUSTOM: // 已處理，此處為fallbackcase METHOD:default:return "DEBOUNCE:METHOD:" + methodName;}}/*** 解析SpEL表達式*/private String evaluateSpEL(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, String expression) {try {StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext();// 設置方法參數context.setVariable("args", joinPoint.getArgs());// 設置方法簽名context.setVariable("method", joinPoint.getSignature());// 設置目標對象context.setVariable("target", joinPoint.getTarget());Expression exp = parser.parseExpression(expression);return "DEBOUNCE:CUSTOM:" + exp.getValue(context, String.class);} catch (Exception e) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid SpEL expression: " + expression, e);}}/*** 獲取當前用戶ID（需要根據實際認證系統實現）*/private String getCurrentUserId() {// 示例：從Spring Security上下文中獲取Authentication authentication = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();if (authentication != null && authentication.isAuthenticated()) {return authentication.getName();}return "ANONYMOUS";}/*** 獲取客戶端IP*/private String getClientIp() {HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes()).getRequest();String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");if (ip == null || ip.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");}if (ip == null || ip.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");}if (ip == null || ip.isEmpty() || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {ip = request.getRemoteAddr();}return ip;}
}

3. 改進的防抖切面 (`DebounceAspect.java`)

java

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下載

package com.weiyu.aop;import com.weiyu.anno.Debounce;
import com.weiyu.exception.DebounceException;
import com.weiyu.utils.DebounceUtil;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;import java.lang.reflect.Method;/*** 改進的防抖切面（支持Redis分布式鎖）*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class DebounceAspect {@Autowiredprivate DebounceUtil debounceUtil;@Around("@annotation(debounceAnnotation)")public Object debounce(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, Debounce debounceAnnotation) throws Throwable {// 獲取方法上的注解（處理繼承情況）if (debounceAnnotation == null) {MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();Method method = signature.getMethod();debounceAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, Debounce.class);if (debounceAnnotation == null) {return joinPoint.proceed();}}// 生成防抖鍵String key = debounceUtil.generateKey(joinPoint,debounceAnnotation.keyType(),debounceAnnotation.key());// 獲取防抖時間long debounceTime = debounceAnnotation.value();// 檢查并設置防抖鎖if (!debounceUtil.checkAndSet(key, debounceTime)) {throw new DebounceException(debounceAnnotation.message());}// 執行目標方法try {return joinPoint.proceed();} catch (Throwable throwable) {// 異常時移除防抖鎖（可選）// debounceUtil.removeLock(key);throw throwable;}}
}

4. 自定義防抖異常 (`DebounceException.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.exception;/*** 防抖業務異常*/
public class DebounceException extends RuntimeException {private int code = 429; // 使用429狀態碼表示操作過于頻繁public DebounceException(String message) {super(message);}public int getCode() {return code;}
}

5. 全局異常處理器 (`GlobalExceptionHandler.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.exception;import com.weiyu.common.Result;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {/*** 處理防抖異常*/@ExceptionHandler(DebounceException.class)public Result handleDebounceException(DebounceException e) {return Result.error(e.getCode(), e.getMessage());}
}

6. 統一響應對象 (`Result.java`)

java

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package com.weiyu.common;public class Result<T> {private int code;private String msg;private T data;// 成功靜態方法public static <T> Result<T> success(T data) {Result<T> result = new Result<>();result.setCode(200);result.setMsg("操作成功");result.setData(data);return result;}// 錯誤靜態方法public static <T> Result<T> error(int code, String msg) {Result<T> result = new Result<>();result.setCode(code);result.setMsg(msg);return result;}// Getters and Setters
}

7. 使用示例

java

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@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/download")
public class DownloadController {// 基本方法級別防抖（5秒內只能調用一次）@Debounce@GetMapping("/basic")public Result<String> basicDownload() {// ... 下載邏輯return Result.success("下載成功");}// 用戶級別防抖（每個用戶5秒內只能下載一次）@Debounce(keyType = Debounce.KeyType.USER, value = 5000)@GetMapping("/user")public Result<String> userSpecificDownload() {// ... 下載邏輯return Result.success("下載成功");}// 自定義鍵防抖（基于文件ID）@Debounce(keyType = Debounce.KeyType.CUSTOM,key = "'FILE:' + #fileId", // SpEL表達式message = "該文件正在下載中，請稍后再試")@GetMapping("/file/{fileId}")public Result<String> fileDownload(@PathVariable String fileId) {// ... 下載邏輯return Result.success("下載成功");}// IP級別防抖（每個IP 10秒內只能下載一次）@Debounce(keyType = Debounce.KeyType.IP, value = 10000)@GetMapping("/ip-based")public Result<String> ipBasedDownload() {// ... 下載邏輯return Result.success("下載成功");}
}

8. 前端適配方案

javascript

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// 在響應攔截器中處理防抖異常
instance.interceptors.response.use(response => {// ... 正常處理},error => {if (error.response) {// 識別防抖異常（HTTP 429狀態碼）if (error.response.status === 429) {ElMessage.error(error.response.data?.msg || "操作過于頻繁，請稍后再試");return Promise.reject(error);}// 識別業務層防抖異常（code=429）const res = error.response.data;if (res && res.code === 429) {ElMessage.error(res.msg || "操作過于頻繁，請稍后再試");return Promise.reject(error);}}// ... 其他錯誤處理}
);

改進亮點

分布式支持：
- 使用Redis實現分布式防抖鎖
- 原子操作（SETNX + EXPIRE）確保并發安全
靈活的鍵策略：
- 支持方法、用戶、IP、參數、自定義五種鍵類型
- 集成SpEL表達式引擎實現動態鍵生成
增強的異常處理：
- 自定義防抖異常類型（DebounceException）
- 統一使用429狀態碼（Too Many Requests）
- 可自定義錯誤消息
注解增強：
- 支持方法繼承的注解查找
- 可配置防抖時間和錯誤消息
- 支持SpEL表達式自定義鍵
集成Spring生態：
- 自動獲取請求上下文（IP、用戶信息）
- 通過全局異常處理器統一處理
更精確的防抖：
- 精確到毫秒級別的防抖控制
- 避免本地內存防抖的分布式問題