噴泉碼技術在現代物聯網中的應用

摘 要

噴泉碼作為一種無速率編碼技術，憑借其動態生成編碼包的特性，在物聯網通信中展現出獨特的優勢。其核心思想在于接收端只需接收到足夠數量的任意編碼包即可恢復原始數據，這種特性使其特別適用于動態信道和多用戶場景。噴泉碼的實現主要依賴于兩類經典算法：LT碼（Luby Transform Codes）和Raptor碼（Rapidly Achieving Throughput Optimal Codes）。LT碼通過度分布函數生成編碼包，并采用BP（Belief Propagation）算法進行解碼，但其性能對度分布函數的依賴性較高。Raptor碼在LT碼的基礎上引入預編碼機制，通過前向糾錯碼（如LDPC碼）對原始數據進行預處理，顯著提升了解碼效率和穩定性。本文詳細分析了LT碼和Raptor碼的生成與解碼機制，并對比了兩者在編解碼復雜度、冗余資源消耗和解碼成功率方面的性能表現。研究表明，LT碼在低復雜度場景中表現較好，而Raptor碼在大規模數據分發場景中更具優勢。此外，本文專注于理論和比較，結合特定場景進行比對，并進行仿真實驗。最后，本文總結了噴泉碼在物聯網通信中的應用潛力和面臨的挑戰，為后續研究提供了理論依據。

關鍵詞 噴泉碼；LT碼；Raptor碼；無速率編碼；物聯網通信

The Application of Fountain Code Technology in Modern Internet of Things

ABSTRACT

Fountain code, as a rate free encoding technology, exhibits unique advantages in IoT communication due to its dynamic generation of encoding packets. The core idea is that the receiving end only needs to receive a sufficient number of arbitrary encoded packets to recover the original data, which makes it particularly suitable for dynamic channels and multi-user scenarios. The implementation of fountain codes mainly relies on two classic algorithms: LT codes (Luby Transform Codes) and Raptor codes (Rapidly Achieving Throughput Optimal Codes). The LT code generates encoding packets through a degree distribution function and decodes them using the BP (Belief Propagation) algorithm, but its performance is highly dependent on the degree distribution function. Raptor code introduces a precoding mechanism based on LT code, and preprocesses the original data through forward error correction codes (such as LDPC code), significantly improving decoding efficiency and stability. This article provides a detailed analysis of the generation and decoding mechanisms of LT codes and Raptor codes, and compares their performance in terms of encoding and decoding complexity, redundant resource consumption, and decoding success rate. Research has shown that LT codes perform better in low complexity scenarios, while Raptor codes have more advantages in large-scale data distribution scenarios. In addition, this article explores the performance optimization direction of fountain codes, focusing on the design of degree distribution functions and improvement of precoding mechanisms, and proposes a strategy to achieve a balance between high decoding success rate and low resource consumption. Finally, this article summarizes the potential applications and challenges of fountain codes in IoT communication, providing a theoretical basis for future research.

KEY WORDS Fountain code；LT code；Raptor code；rateless coding；IoT communication

英文字體采用Times New Roman，英文摘要單獨一頁，頁碼設置為II

目 錄

噴泉碼技術在現代物聯網中的應用 I

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II