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代碼說明：
- 參數設置：設定時間步長、總模擬時間、初始位置和速度等參數。
- 空氣動力學模型：利用簡化的空氣阻力公式來計算兩個導彈所受的阻力。
- 追蹤算法：采用比例導引算法，讓防空導彈追蹤機動變軌導彈。
- 機動變軌模擬：每隔 2 秒，機動變軌導彈進行一次隨機變軌。
- 3D 可視化：繪制兩個導彈的軌跡，并通過動畫展示整個追蹤過程。
你可以運行這段代碼，從而觀察機動變軌導彈和防空導彈的速度與位置變化。
以下是一個用于模擬機動變軌導彈和防空導彈追蹤過程的 MATLAB 代碼，同時會提供 3D 效果展示。
% 模擬參數設置
dt = 0.1; % 時間步長 (s)
t_total = 60; % 總模擬時間 (s)
t = 0:dt:t_total; % 時間向量
num_steps = length(t);% 初始條件
% 機動變軌導彈初始位置和速度
target_pos = [0; 0; 0];
target_vel = [200; 200; 200]; % 防空導彈初始位置和速度
interceptor_pos = [-6000; -8000; -3000];
interceptor_vel = [600; 600; 600]; % 存儲位置和速度
target_pos_history = zeros(3, num_steps);
target_vel_history = zeros(3, num_steps);
interceptor_pos_history = zeros(3, num_steps);
interceptor_vel_history = zeros(3, num_steps);% 空氣動力學參數（簡化）
drag_coeff_target = 0.2; % 機動變軌導彈阻力系數
drag_coeff_interceptor = 0.1; % 防空導彈阻力系數
mass_target = 1000; % 機動變軌導彈質量 (kg)
mass_interceptor = 500; % 防空導彈質量 (kg)
air_density = 1.225; % 空氣密度 (kg/m^3)
cross_section_target = 1; % 機動變軌導彈橫截面積 (m^2)
cross_section_interceptor = 0.5; % 防空導彈橫截面積 (m^2)% 模擬循環
for i = 1:num_steps% 存儲當前狀態target_pos_history(:, i) = target_pos;target_vel_history(:, i) = target_vel;interceptor_pos_history(:, i) = interceptor_pos;interceptor_vel_history(:, i) = interceptor_vel;% 機動變軌導彈的隨機變軌（簡單模擬）if mod(i, 20) == 0 % 每 2 秒進行一次變軌target_vel = target_vel + [randn; randn; randn] * 10;end% 計算空氣阻力target_drag = -0.5 * air_density * norm(target_vel)^2 * drag_coeff_target * cross_section_target * target_vel / norm(target_vel);interceptor_drag = -0.5 * air_density * norm(interceptor_vel)^2 * drag_coeff_interceptor * cross_section_interceptor * interceptor_vel / norm(interceptor_vel);% 計算加速度target_acc = target_drag / mass_target;% 防空導彈的追蹤算法（比例導引）line_of_sight = target_pos - interceptor_pos;line_of_sight_vel = target_vel - interceptor_vel;line_of_sight_rate = (line_of_sight_vel - dot(line_of_sight_vel, line_of_sight) / norm(line_of_sight)^2 * line_of_sight) / norm(line_of_sight);interceptor_acc = 3 * norm(interceptor_vel) * line_of_sight_rate + interceptor_drag / mass_interceptor;% 更新速度和位置target_vel = target_vel + target_acc * dt;target_pos = target_pos + target_vel * dt;interceptor_vel = interceptor_vel + interceptor_acc * dt;interceptor_pos = interceptor_pos + interceptor_vel * dt;
end% 3D 可視化
figure;
hold on;
grid on;
xlabel('X (m)');
ylabel('Y (m)');
zlabel('Z (m)');
title('機動變軌導彈與防空導彈追蹤模擬');% 繪制軌跡
plot3(target_pos_history(1, :), target_pos_history(2, :), target_pos_history(3, :), 'r', 'LineWidth', 2);
plot3(interceptor_pos_history(1, :), interceptor_pos_history(2, :), interceptor_pos_history(3, :), 'b', 'LineWidth', 2);% 繪制起始點
plot3(target_pos_history(1, 1), target_pos_history(2, 1), target_pos_history(3, 1), 'ro', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerSize', 10);
plot3(interceptor_pos_history(1, 1), interceptor_pos_history(2, 1), interceptor_pos_history(3, 1), 'bo', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'b', 'MarkerSize', 10);% 繪制當前位置
current_target = plot3(target_pos_history(1, end), target_pos_history(2, end), target_pos_history(3, end), 'rs', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'r', 'MarkerSize', 10);
current_interceptor = plot3(interceptor_pos_history(1, end), interceptor_pos_history(2, end), interceptor_pos_history(3, end), 'bs', 'MarkerFaceColor', 'b', 'MarkerSize', 10);% 動畫效果
for i = 1:num_stepsset(current_target, 'XData', target_pos_history(1, i), 'YData', target_pos_history(2, i), 'ZData', target_pos_history(3, i));set(current_interceptor, 'XData', interceptor_pos_history(1, i), 'YData', interceptor_pos_history(2, i), 'ZData', interceptor_pos_history(3, i));drawnow;pause(0.01);
end ?
