問題：彩色的驗證碼，使用pytesseract識別出來的驗證碼內容一直是空字符串

原因：pytesseract只識別黑色部分的內容

解決辦法：先把彩色圖片精確轉換成黑白圖片。再將黑白圖片進行反相，將驗證碼部分的內容變成黑色，背景變成白色的。

代碼：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Date    : 2019-11-204 T11:18:38.406Z
# @Author  : HuangChangimport numpy as np
import cv2
from PIL import Image
import pytesseract# 1、將彩色圖片轉換成黑白圖片
##(1) read into  bgr-space
img = cv2.imread("../screenshots/verification_code.png")##(2) convert to hsv-space, then split the channels
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
h, s, v = cv2.split(hsv)##(3) threshold the S channel using adaptive method(`THRESH_OTSU`)
th, threshed = cv2.threshold(s, 100, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU | cv2.THRESH_BINARY)##(4) print the thresh, and save the result
print("Thresh : {}".format(th))
cv2.imwrite("../screenshots/verification_code2.png", threshed)# 2、將上步生成的黑白圖片中的需要識別的內容改成黑色，即將圖片進行黑白反相
img2 = cv2.imread("../screenshots/verification_code2.png")
height, width, channels = img2.shape
print("width:%s,height:%s,channels:%s" % (width, height, channels))for row in range(height):for list in range(width):for c in range(channels):pv = img2[row, list, c]img2[row, list, c] = 255 - pv
cv2.imshow("AfterDeal", img2)
cv2.imwrite("../screenshots/verification_code3.png", img2)# 3、讀取驗證碼
img3 = cv2.imread("../screenshots/verification_code3.png")
code_str = pytesseract.image_to_string(img3, lang="eng", config="--psm 8")print(''.join(code_str.split()))