目錄
背景
目錄名的組成
解析目錄結構
更新&總結
文章出處鏈接:[https://blog.csdn.net/qq_59075481/article/details/140385969].
背景
?WinSxS 文件夾位于 Windows 文件夾中,例如 C: \Windows\WinSxS。它是 Windows 組件存儲文件的位置。 Windows 組件存儲用于支持自定義和更新 Windows 所需的函數。?Windows 組件存儲是首先在 Windows XP 中引入的,用于支持并行程序集。從 Windows Vista 開始,組件存儲得到了增強,可以跟蹤構成操作系統的所有組件并為其提供服務。
這些不同的操作系統組件可以跟蹤對象,例如文件、目錄、注冊表項和服務。然后,系統會將特定版本的組件收集到包中。
?Windows 更新和 DISM 使用包來更新 Windows。 Windows 組件存儲將處理 Windows 安裝中使用的組件和包。確定 Windows 組件存儲大小的過程會很復雜,因為 Windows 通過名為硬鏈接的技術使用的許多文件都來自 Windows 組件存儲外的目錄。在這種情況下,某個組件版本中的文件會同時出現在 Windows 組件存儲的內部和外部。使用硬鏈接,Windows 就可以在看起來并不實際占用為多個副本提供的額外空間的情況下,保留同一文件的多個副本。
組件存儲文件夾中的文件目錄比較復雜,有些時候需要枚舉或者檢索目錄中某個組件的特定版本的副本會很麻煩。在這篇文章中,我將提供一個解析組件存儲文件夾的初步程序。包括相關測試示例。
目錄名的組成
組件存儲的目錄名包含多個字段的信息,每個信息之間使用下劃線("_")間隔開來,按照順序包括:程序運行系統架構、組件名稱、組件簽名、更新時文件系統版本號、語言、文件存儲簽名。
系統架構有兩種:amd64 、 x86,分別代表:適用于 x64 、 x32 的操作系統。
組件名稱是該組件的描述名稱(當目錄名稱過長時,采用.. 縮略名稱的中間內容,如果是存儲的組件的純資源文件,則后綴 ".resources")
組件簽名和文件存儲簽名都是一段校驗碼。
版本號包含 4 個部分,結構為:
// 版本信息結構體
struct VersionInfo {int major;int minor;int build;int revision;
};
語言可以是:zh-cn、en-us 等等,混合多個目錄文件的,一般語言字段填寫 none。
下面是一個標準的樣例:?
amd64_microsoft.windows.common-controls_6595b64144ccf1df_6.0.22621.3672_none_2713b9d173822955
解析目錄結構
由于我目前還沒有找到相關的 API 來解析目錄結構,所以,使用正則表達式編寫了一個程序用于解析目錄。
提供三個主要函數:
- listWinSxSAssemblies:解析 WinSxS 整個目錄結構,并使用文件流存儲解析結果。
- getAssembliesByComponentName:根據組件名稱,檢索所有匹配到的存儲條目信息。
- getLatestAssemblyByArchitecture:根據組件名稱和適用的系統架構,查找符合條件且版本號最高的存儲目錄名稱。
代碼如下:
// EnumWinSxS.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函數。程序執行將在此處開始并結束。
//#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <regex>
#include <vector>
#include <tuple>
#include <algorithm>
#include <sstream>// 版本信息結構體
struct VersionInfo {int major;int minor;int build;int revision;
};// 解析特征字符串
struct AssemblyInfo {std::wstring architecture;std::wstring componentName;std::wstring componentSign;VersionInfo version;std::wstring language;std::wstring folderSign;bool isResource;
};// 解析版本信息字符串
VersionInfo parseVersionInfo(const std::wstring& versionStr) {VersionInfo version = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };std::wregex versionPattern(LR"((\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+))");std::wsmatch match;if (std::regex_match(versionStr, match, versionPattern)) {version.major = std::stoi(match[1]);version.minor = std::stoi(match[2]);version.build = std::stoi(match[3]);version.revision = std::stoi(match[4]);}return version;
}// 解析 WinSxS 目錄名稱并返回 AssemblyInfo 結構體
AssemblyInfo parseAssemblyInfo(const std::wstring& dirName) {AssemblyInfo info;//std::wregex regexPattern(LR"((amd64|x86)_([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)_(\w+)_((\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+))_((?:[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2}|none))_(\w+))");std::wregex regexPattern(LR"((amd64|x86)_([a-zA-Z0-9.-]+)_(\w+)_(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)_((?:[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2}|none))_(\w+))");std::wsmatch match;if (std::regex_match(dirName, match, regexPattern)) {info.architecture = match[1];info.componentName = match[2];info.componentSign = match[3];info.version = parseVersionInfo(match[4]); // 解析版本信息info.language = match[5];info.folderSign = match[6];info.isResource = (dirName.find(L".resources") != std::wstring::npos);if (info.isResource) {size_t pos = info.componentName.find(L".resources");if (pos != std::wstring::npos) {info.componentName.erase(pos, std::wstring::npos);}}}return info;
}// 比較版本信息的函數
bool compareVersions(const VersionInfo& v1, const VersionInfo& v2) {return std::tie(v1.major, v1.minor, v1.build, v1.revision) < std::tie(v2.major, v2.minor, v2.build, v2.revision);
}// 將版本信息合并為一個完整字符串
std::wstring versionInfoToString(const VersionInfo& version) {std::wostringstream oss;oss << version.major << L"." << version.minor << L"." << version.build << L"." << version.revision;return oss.str();
}//std::vector<std::wstring> listFilesInDirectory(const std::wstring& directory) {
// std::vector<std::wstring> files;
// WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;
// std::wstring searchPath = directory + L"\\*";
// HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);
//
// if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
// return files;
// }
//
// do {
// const std::wstring fileName = findFileData.cFileName;
// if (!(findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
// files.push_back(directory + L"\\" + fileName);
// }
// } while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);
//
// FindClose(hFind);
// return files;
//}void listFilesRecursively(const std::wstring& directory, std::wofstream& outFile, const std::wstring& baseDir) {WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;std::wstring searchPath = directory + L"\\*";HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {return;}do {const std::wstring fileName = findFileData.cFileName;if (fileName == L"." || fileName == L"..") {continue;}std::wstring fullPath = directory + L"\\" + fileName;std::wstring relPath = fullPath.substr(baseDir.length() + 1);if (findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {listFilesRecursively(fullPath, outFile, baseDir);}else {std::wcout << L" File: " << relPath << std::endl;outFile << L" File: " << relPath << std::endl;}} while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);FindClose(hFind);
}void listWinSxSAssemblies(const std::wstring& winSxsPath, std::wofstream& outFile) {WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;std::wstring searchPath = winSxsPath + L"\\*";HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {std::wcerr << L"Error: Unable to open directory " << winSxsPath << std::endl;return;}do {const std::wstring dirName = findFileData.cFileName;if (findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {// Skip "." and ".." directoriesif (dirName == L"." || dirName == L"..") {continue;}AssemblyInfo info = parseAssemblyInfo(dirName);if (!info.architecture.empty()) {std::wcout << L"Directory: " << dirName << std::endl;outFile << L"Directory: " << dirName << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Architecture: " << info.architecture << std::endl;outFile << L"Architecture: " << info.architecture << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Component Name: " << info.componentName << std::endl;outFile << L"Component Name: " << info.componentName << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Component Signature: " << info.componentSign << std::endl;outFile << L"Component Signature: " << info.componentSign << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Version: " << versionInfoToString(info.version) << std::endl;outFile << L"Version: " << versionInfoToString(info.version) << std::endl;//std::wcout << L"Version: " << info.version.major << L"." << info.version.minor << L"." // << info.version.build << L"." << info.version.revision << std::endl;//outFile << L"Version: " << info.version.major << L"." << info.version.minor << L"." // << info.version.build << L"." << info.version.revision << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Language: " << info.language << std::endl;outFile << L"Language: " << info.language << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Folder Signature: " << info.folderSign << std::endl;outFile << L"Folder Signature: " << info.folderSign << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Is Only Resource: " << (info.isResource ? L"Yes" : L"No") << std::endl;outFile << L"Is Only Resource: " << (info.isResource ? L"Yes" : L"No") << std::endl;List files in the directory//std::wstring subDirPath = winSxsPath + L"\\" + dirName;//std::vector<std::wstring> files = listFilesInDirectory(subDirPath);//for (const std::wstring& file : files) {// std::wcout << L" File: " << file << std::endl;// outFile << L" File: " << file << std::endl;//}// List files and subdirectories in the directorystd::wstring subDirPath = winSxsPath + L"\\" + dirName;listFilesRecursively(subDirPath, outFile, winSxsPath);std::wcout << L"--------------------------------" << std::endl;outFile << L"--------------------------------" << std::endl;}}} while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);FindClose(hFind);
}std::vector<AssemblyInfo> getAssembliesByComponentName(const std::wstring& winSxsPath, const std::wstring& componentName) {std::vector<AssemblyInfo> matchingAssemblies;WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;std::wstring searchPath = winSxsPath + L"\\*";HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {std::wcerr << L"Error: Unable to open directory " << winSxsPath << std::endl;return matchingAssemblies;}do {const std::wstring dirName = findFileData.cFileName;if (findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {if (dirName == L"." || dirName == L"..") {continue;}AssemblyInfo info = parseAssemblyInfo(dirName);if (!info.architecture.empty() && info.componentName == componentName) {matchingAssemblies.push_back(info);}}} while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);FindClose(hFind);return matchingAssemblies;
}std::wstring getLatestAssemblyByArchitecture(const std::wstring& winSxsPath, const std::wstring& componentName, const std::wstring& architecture) {std::wstring latestDir;VersionInfo latestVersion = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };WIN32_FIND_DATAW findFileData;std::wstring searchPath = winSxsPath + L"\\*";HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileW(searchPath.c_str(), &findFileData);if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {std::wcerr << L"Error: Unable to open directory " << winSxsPath << std::endl;return latestDir;}do {const std::wstring dirName = findFileData.cFileName;if (findFileData.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {if (dirName == L"." || dirName == L"..") {continue;}AssemblyInfo info = parseAssemblyInfo(dirName);if (!info.architecture.empty() && info.architecture == architecture && info.componentName == componentName) {if (compareVersions(latestVersion, info.version)) {latestVersion = info.version;latestDir = dirName;}}}} while (FindNextFileW(hFind, &findFileData) != 0);FindClose(hFind);return latestDir;
}int wmain() {const std::wstring winSxsPath = L"\\\\?\\C:\\Windows\\WinSxS"; // Using the long path prefixconst std::wstring outputPath = L"output.txt";// Testing API 0std::wofstream outFile(outputPath);if (!outFile.is_open()) {std::wcerr << L"Error: Unable to open output file " << outputPath << std::endl;return 1;}listWinSxSAssemblies(winSxsPath, outFile);outFile.close();// Testing API 1const std::wstring componentNameToSearch = L"microsoft.windows.common-controls";std::vector<AssemblyInfo> foundAssemblies = getAssembliesByComponentName(winSxsPath, componentNameToSearch);std::wcout << L"\nAssemblies for component name: " << componentNameToSearch << L"\n";for (const auto& assembly : foundAssemblies) {std::wcout << L"Architecture: " << assembly.architecture << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Component Name: " << assembly.componentName << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Component Signature: " << assembly.componentSign << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Version: " << versionInfoToString(assembly.version) << std::endl;//std::wcout << L"Version: " << assembly.version.major << L"." << assembly.version.minor // << L"." << assembly.version.build << L"." << assembly.version.revision << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Language: " << assembly.language << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Folder Signature: " << assembly.folderSign << std::endl;std::wcout << L"Is Only Resource: " << (assembly.isResource ? L"Yes" : L"No") << std::endl;std::wcout << L"--------------------------------" << std::endl;}// Testing API 2std::wstring architectureToSearch = L"amd64";std::wstring latestAssemblyDir = getLatestAssemblyByArchitecture(winSxsPath, componentNameToSearch, architectureToSearch);if (!latestAssemblyDir.empty()) {std::wcout << L"Latest Assembly Directory for Architecture " << architectureToSearch << L": "<< latestAssemblyDir << std::endl;}else {std::wcout << L"No assemblies found for architecture " <<architectureToSearch << std::endl;}return 0;
}
測試截圖:

更新&總結
(暫無)
文章出處鏈接:[https://blog.csdn.net/qq_59075481/article/details/140385969].
本文發布于:2024.07.12,更新于:2024.07.12.