拉曼操作維護使用手冊（中英文對照）

1 INTRODUCTION 介紹
This document contains information needed to install and operate the Laser Gas Analyzer (LGA). The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable, however, inaccuracies and omissions of pertinent information are possible. Customers are cautioned to use the equipment and documentation with care.
此份資料包含激光氣體分析儀安裝和操作所需要的信息.此信息確保準確可靠,然而,也有可能存在不精確或遺漏信息. 請您在應用設備時詳細閱讀本手冊信息.
The system and components described herein are designed for industrial use only. Under no circumstances should this equipment be used for human medical monitoring, diagnosis and/or treatment; nor should it used for, or as part of, any life support or life sustaining system.
此使用手冊所描速系統和零部件僅適用于工業用途.在任何情況下,此設備都不能用于醫療檢測,診斷和治療,或和支持和維護生命系統.
The LGA is designed to analyze industrial atmospheres for gas composition. The system includes electrically powered equipment that is used to sample toxic, flammable, possibly explosive gases and uses high-pressure gas cylinders for calibration. Persons intending to operate this equipment should be trained on how to safely manage the inherent hazards involved in such applications.
LGA 被設計為分析工業大氣壓的氣體成份.此系統包括采集有毒,易
燃,易爆氣體的電源設備.氣體成份由高壓氣缸內氣體校準. 關于如何安全處理操作中產生的危險情況,必須對操作人員培訓.

System service should only be performed by persons experienced in servicing electronic instruments and equipped with the proper tools and test instruments. It is recommended that all persons involved in servicing the LGA have some form of laser safety training. At a minimum, this should include knowledge of ANSI Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
系統維護需要一位有電子儀表維護經驗的人,需配備合適的工具和測試工具.建議所有涉及LGA的維護人員接受LGA安全培訓.至少要掌握美國國家安全適用激光標準------ANSI Z136.1-2000的信息.
In no event shall Atmosphere Recovery, Inc. be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of, or inability to use, the product or documentation. Product names mentioned within this document are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
任何情況下,由于不能夠按照操作手冊指導進行操作導致的直接,間接或突發事故,Atmosphere Recovery, Inc.均不承擔責任.此份文件中所提及的產品名稱僅用于特定目的,如商標或注冊商標.
1.1 LGA WARRANTY LGA保證
This product is sold by Atmosphere Recovery, Inc. (ARI) only under the warranties set forth in the following paragraphs. Such warranties are extended only with respect to the purchase of this product directly from ARI. Oral statements about the LGA unit and/or system do not constitute warranties, shall not be relied on by the buyer or user, and are not
part of any warranty extended by ARI.
Atmosphere Recovery, Inc.僅在滿足(ARI)條件下售出產品:需從ARI直接采購.關于LGA系統的口頭陳述均不構成擔保,不能成為購買者或使用者的依據.
ARI’s warrantees do not apply to any units/parts damaged from misuse, negligence, accidents, incorrect electrical connections, repairs or alterations by the user. ARI does not warranty the fitness of the analyzer and/or system for any particular purpose.
由于使用者的錯誤應用,疏忽,意外,不正確的電源連接,維修或更換部件導致的單元或部件的損壞,均不能成為ARI公司的擔保對象.
ARI warrants that the Laser Gas Analyzer is free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, ARI will, at its discretion, repair or replace any defective component. ARI will install such components only if the unit is returned to ARI’s office.
AIR確保在發貨后一年內LGA的材料和設備正常.在保證期內,ARI公司將審慎的對出現故障的部件進行維修更換.故障部件需送到ARI公司維修.
LGA Systems include equipment manufactured by others and resold by ARI. Such equipment is covered by the manufacturer’s warrantees. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation for warranty information.
LGA系統中所包含的由其他生產商制造的設備,均由生產商擔保.請參考擔保信息.
1.2 SERVICE AND REPAIR POLICY服務和維修政策
Warranty repair and service must be performed by an ARI Service Representative or at ARI’s manufacturing facility. When ARI’s warranty is not applicable, repairs are made at ARI’s current list price for replacement parts plus a reasonable labor charge. In either case, all shipping costs are the responsibility of the purchaser.
擔保服務必須由ARI維修人員使用ARI的制造工具進行操作.當ARI擔保不適用時,由ARI提供維修,按現行價格清單收取替換部件和合理的人工費用. 任何情況下，運輸費用由購買方承擔。
Parts listed in this manual may be repaired or replaced by competent, trained persons experienced in repairing devices of this nature. We recommend that only factoryauthorized replacement parts be used.
使用手冊中的部件清單要求有能力的,受過培訓和在維修設備方面有經驗的人來更改或替換.我們建議使用工廠授權的替換部件.
Detailed information for extensive repairs is included in this manual solely for the convenience of users having proper knowledge, tools, and test equipment, and for service representatives trained by ARI.
用戶手冊包含詳細信息和更多的維修信息,方便用戶和ARI培訓的維護人員掌握有用的知識,工具和測試設備.
1.3 LGA PACKAGING AND RETURN PROCEDURELGA包裝和返修過程
Contact ARI for a Returned Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number prior to shipping the system or any components back to ARI.
在將LGA系統或部件發回ARI公司前,請聯系ARI索取返修商品授權號.
The system should be packaged securely using the original shipping materials. If these materials are not available, contact ARI for a replacement and/or packaging instructions.
返修產品包裝需使用原始運輸材料,若無原始包裝材料,請聯系ARI尋求替代品.
1.4 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND SERVICE技術支持和維護
For technical assistance, contact ARI Technical Support at the contact numbers or web address shown on the front cover of this manual.
為獲取技術支持,請聯系ARI技術支持部門.聯系方式和網址見手冊首頁.
2 SYSTEM OVERVIEW 系統概述
The Laser Gas Analyzer (LGA) is a self-contained gas sampler/analyzer that uses the principles of Raman spectroscopy to simultaneously identify and quantify gaseous compounds. The unit’s internal vacuum pump continuously extracts sample gas from the source and passes it through the unit’s laser-gas cell. Compound concentrations are determined by analysis of the scattered-light produced by interaction between the unit’s laser beam and the molecular compounds within the sample. The analyzer is a PC-based system and its operation is controlled via software. Chapter 9 presents a detailed description of the analyzer.
LGA采用拉曼衍射原理,分析氣體成份.單元內部真空泵,從源頭連續采集樣氣,通過單元激光氣體介質傳送. 單元的激光束和樣氣中的混合分子相互作用,形成分析儀的散射光,用于確定混合氣體的濃度.分析儀是以PC為基礎的系統,通過軟件進行操作.關于分析儀的具體描述見第九章.
Figure 2a presents the eight gas compounds measured by LGA System 36. The analyzer’s external components are shown in Figures 2b and 2c.
如圖二所示,lGA系統36所測量的八種氣體成份. 分析儀外部部件如圖2b,2c所示.

氣體種類氣體方程式
1 一氧化碳 CO
2 水蒸氣 H2O
3 氫氣 H2
4 氧氣 O2
5 氮氣 N2
6 二氧化碳 CO2
7 甲烷 CH4
8 碳氫化合物 CXHY
Figure 2a: Measured Gas Compounds

Figure 2b: Analyzer Front Panel

Figure 2c: Analyzer Back Panel

3 SETUP NOTES 安裝提示
This chapter describes the items necessary to get the analyzer operating.
如何操作分析儀,請看本章提供的必要條款.
3.1 INSTALLATION LOCATION 安裝地點
The Laser Gas Analyzer is desktop unit that should be placed on a flat, horizontal surface. The unit should be installed in a clean, draft-free location that is maintained at a relatively constant temperature (60 to 90 °F).
激光氣體分析儀是一個水平單元,需放置于水平表面.此單元需安裝、清潔的地點,保持持續的環境溫度在華氏60到90度.
3.2 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS 電源連接
All electrical connectors are located on the analyzer’s back panel.
所有電源連接器位于分析儀背面板…
3.2.1 ELECTRICAL POWER 電源
The analyzer requires a single 220 VAC, 50-60 Hz, 3 Ampere, Single Phase electrical circuit. A power input module (power cord receptacle, power on/off switch, and fuses) is located on the analyzer’s back panel.
分析儀需交流電220伏,50-60赫茲,3安培.電源輸入模塊(電源卡插口,電源開關和熔斷器)位于分析儀的背面板.
3.2.2 COMPUTER & NETWORK CONNECTIONS 計算機和網絡連接
The LGA’s back panel includes connectors for attaching standard PC input/output devices(monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.). The operator can access the LGA system computer locally via installed pc devices or remotely through a network connection using the remote control functions of Symantec’s pcAnywhere.
LGA背面板包括標準的PC輸入和輸出裝置(監視器,鍵盤,鼠標等).操作人員可通過當地pc裝置或遠程網絡連接,實現監控功能
3.3 PLUMBING CONNECTIONS 管道連接
The analyzer requires four types of gas plumbing connections: sample gas, calibration gases, analyzer exhaust gas and optics protection gas.
分析儀有四種氣體管道連接:樣氣,校準氣體,分析儀排出氣和光學器件保護氣.
3.3.1 SAMPLE & CALIBRATION GAS CONNECTIONS 采樣和標氣濃度
The analyzer has a single gas-inlet-port located on its front panel.
Gases connected to this port must be:
分析儀有一個單輸入氣體口,位于前面板.通過氣體口的氣體需滿足:

Filtered (1.0 micron absolute)
Non-Condensing at ambient temperature and pressure
Flow regulated (nominal 250 ml/min)
Pressure Limited (within 10 in WC of ambient pressure)
1)過濾 (1.0微米)
2)在環境溫度和壓力下無凝結
3)調整流量(正常情況為250ml/min)
4)壓力限制(環境壓力下10毫米水柱以內)

The analyzer does not include auto-calibration. Sample and calibration gas sources must share the analyzer’s single inlet port. The various sources can be connected one at a time or more permanently via a User-supplied valve/manifold system.
分析儀不包括自動標定.采樣和標定氣源需共享分析儀的單輸入氣體口.各種氣源可通過用戶提供的閥門/ 多氣源管系統同時間連接.
For each line, ARI recommends using one continuous length of 1/8” stainless steel tubing from analyzer to source. This will minimize sample contamination do to fitting leaks and tubing material adsorption, desorption and permeation. Use non-metal ferrules to reduce crimping of the small-diameter, thin-wall tubing; nylon or Teflon ferrules for room temperature connections; carbon ferrules for high temperature connections.
對于每根氣源管線,ARI建議從分析儀到源頭間使用1/8”不銹鋼管連接.這將會最小化樣氣污染導致的裝置泄露和管道材料的吸附及滲透.使用金屬箍應減少直徑管壁薄的管道變形;尼龍或聚四氟乙烯材質的箍適合室內溫度條件;碳材質的箍用于高溫條件.
Sample gas is generally drawn from a source operating near ambient pressure. Calibration gases are obtained from high-pressure cylinders. Regardless of the source, all gases must be delivered to the analyzer in a manner that does not disrupt the analyzer’s internal flow/pressure regulating capabilities.
通常在接近環境壓力的操作源抽取樣氣.標定氣體從高壓氣缸獲得.所有氣體傳送到分析儀的過程中不能影響分析儀內部流量/壓力調節的能力.
3.3.2 EXHAUST PORT 排氣口
The analyzer’s exhaust port (front panel) discharges a small (typically < 1 lpm), but steady stream of process and/or calibration gases. The exhaust gases should be directed to an appropriate location by means of a scavenging system that does not disrupt the analyzer’s internal flow/pressure regulating capabilities.
位于前面板的分析儀排氣口排放少量的(typically < 1 lpm),但穩定的過程流/標定氣體.通過污氣排除系統直接將氣體排放到合適位置,且不能影響分析儀內部流量/壓力調節的能力.
3.3.3 OPTICS GAS PORT 光學器件氣體口
The analyzer optics are protected from direct contact with the sample gas stream by a pair of “air” dams. These air dams typically use 20 ml/min (10 ml/min each) of gas drawn-in from the optics gas port (hose barb on the analyzer’s rear panel).
通過直接接觸樣氣流所形成的兩道氣體墻,分析儀的光學器件得到保護.此氣體墻使用從光學器件氣體口(軟管的倒鉤位于分析儀背面板)抽入的氣體,流量為20 ml/min (10 ml/min)
If the analyzer is operated in a relatively clean environment, such as an office or laboratory, the unit can generally operate satisfactorily using “room air” as the air dam supply. In such cases, there is no connection to the optics gas port.
若分析儀在相對清潔的環境下工作,如辦公室或實驗室,分析儀可使用室內空氣為氣體墻(保護氣), 在此情況下,不要連接光學器件氣體口.
If the analyzer is to be operated in a “dirty” environment, then a source of clean gas needs to be connected to the LGA’s optics gas port. Nitrogen is the preferred gas, but any clean, non-hazardous gas will work. The gas must be connected to the optics gas port in a manner that does not pressurize the LGA.
若分析儀在不清潔的環境下工作,則需將干凈氣體接入光學器件氣體口.氮氣為理想氣體,但任何干凈無危害的氣體都可以應用.氣體必需以不給LGA增加壓力的前提下連接到光學器件氣體口.
3.4 INITIAL STARTUP 安裝啟動
The following checklist describes the initial startup procedure.
ARI’s manufacturing facility is located in Plymouth, Minnesota, where local atmospheric pressure fluctuates around 738 mm Hg (98.4 kPa). The analyzer was run, tested and shipped with the analyzer’s operating pressure set to 632±10 mm Hg (84.3±1.3 kPa). The analytical cell pressure at which the system operates must be set to local conditions prior to sampling any process gases.
如下表格顯示的為初始過程
ARI制造廠位于明尼蘇達的Plymouth,當地大氣壓在738mmHg(98.4 kPa)左右浮動.分析儀運行,測試和運輸時,將操作壓力設定為632±10 mm Hg (84.3±1.3 kPa).在采集任何一種過程氣體前,分析介質壓力需設定為當地條件下的環境壓力.
序號描述參考
1 選擇壓力和溫度的工程單位屏幕SysCfg 7.2部分
2 檢查棱鏡和介質溫度在正常操作范圍之內(104 – 106 °F)空氣入口過濾器位于分析儀背面板底部中央,控制流量防止過冷.若單元處于熱的區域,則需移出一塊或兩塊流動板盤,若單元轉移到涼爽的工作區,需將流動板盤重新安裝上. 屏幕 Analog 9.10 to 9.10.2部分
3 確定當地大氣壓力,校正介質壓力傳感器的標定. 9.8.1部分
4 確定和確定標準介質壓力值:標準介質壓力應設定為106 mm Hg(14.1 kPa),低于當地大氣壓. 屏幕 Cal-FP 7.8部分
5 調整介質壓力以便分析儀運行在標準介質壓力下屏幕 Cal-FP 7.8部分
6 調整樣氣流速:打開泵,采集室內相對干凈的空氣,調整閥的開度獲得 250 ml/min的流速. 屏幕 Mainor/ ManCtrl
7 零氣標定警告:不要給分析儀加壓,標定氣體在零壓(250 – 350 ml/min flow)下被傳送至分析儀. 屏幕 Cal-Z 7.4 部分
8 氣體標定范圍警告:不要給分析儀加壓,標定氣體在零壓(250 – 350 ml/min flow)下被傳送至分析儀. 屏幕 Cal-S 7.5部分
圖 2e: 啟動過程

4 COMPUTER & SOFTWARE 計算機和軟件
The LGA system is a pc-based control system and its operation is controlled via software. The system computer is located within the Laser Gas Analyzer. It includes a standard pc motherboard, processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, video card, network card(s), serial, parallel and USB ports. The operating system is Microsoft Corporation’s Windows2000. One custom ISA circuit board connects the pc with the LGA analytical hardware. This board includes a watchdog timing circuit to reboot the system should operating system or the LGA application lockup.
LGA系統基于計算機基礎控制系統,通過軟件進行操作.計算機系統安裝于LGA系統內.他包括標準計算機主板,中央處理器(CPU), 隨機存取存儲器 (RAM),硬盤驅動和顯卡,網卡,串口并口和USB接口.操作系統采用的微軟公司的Windows2000.用戶ISA電路板用分析儀的分析硬件連接到計算機. 此板包括看門狗電路板來重啟系統或鎖住LGA 的應用.
The operator can access the LGA system computer through locally installed pc devices(monitor, keyboard, mouse) or through a network connection using the remote control functions of Symantec’s pcAnywhere. Real-time analytical results are displayed in tabular and graphical formats on the system’s human-machine interface. Historical data can be viewed graphically or exported to tabular form for viewing in the user’s spreadsheet or database software. The system can operate as a DDE Server, OPC Server and/or OPC Client to provide data connectivity to user’s facility or other equipment.
操作者可通過當地計算機裝置(監視器,鍵盤,鼠標)或通過網絡使用系統遠程控制功能進入LGA系統…實時分析結果會以列表或圖表形式顯示在系統的人機界面上. 通過電子表格或數據庫軟件,可以查看歷史數據, 以圖表或列表的方式顯示.系統可作為DDE Server, OPC Server and/or OPC Client操作來為用戶的系統或其他設備提供連續數據.
System software is provided to the User in compact disk (CD) format and pre-installed on the LGA unit’s hard drive. One licensed copy of each of the following four (4) software packages is included with the LGA system:
系統軟件以光盤(CD)的形式提供給用戶,并提前安裝在LGA單元的硬盤中.使用LGA系統需拷貝四個軟件包,包括:

Think & Do: software for developing and running process control applications
1)Think & Do:過程控制應用
Canary Labs: data logging and trend display package
Canary Labs:數據記錄和趨勢顯示
pcAnywhere: remote control package\
pcAnywhere:遠程控制
Auto-Start Manager: startup scheduling package
Auto-Start Manager:啟動目錄
4.1 THINK & DO
Think & Do is a powerful, intuitive, software package for developing and running process control applications on Microsoft Windows-based platforms. It includes self-documenting, flow-chart logic programming, an integrated HMI (human-machine interface) and numerous I/O drivers. Electronic documentation is provided via the program’s help files.
Think&Do是一個功能強大的,直觀的操作于微軟視窗操作平臺的發展和運行過程控制應用的軟件包.包括自動文檔生成,邏輯程序流程圖和完整的人機界面,以及一定數量的I/O裝置.程序的幫助文件提供電子文檔.
The version of Think & Do supplied with the LGA system is an OEM product that does not give the User access to Think & Do’s technical support services. Questions regarding the Think & Do program and/or the LGA application should be directed to ARI’s technical support services.
LGA系統的版本是由OEM提供, 不提供此軟件的技術維護支持.相關于Think&Do程序和LGA應用的問題請直接聯系ARI的技術支持.
The LGA operating program is a Think & Do application that uses standard Think & Do drivers along with a custom LGA driver developed by Think & Do for ARI. The complete source code for the LGA application is included on the unit’s hard drive and User has the option of modifying (adding alarms, controlling other devices, altering the display, etc.) the standard program to meet User specific requirements. However, since User program modifications could alter the LGA unit’s performance/reliability and make ARI servicing of the system more difficult, such modified programs, and any damages caused by them, are
not covered under ARI warranty.
LGA操作程序由Think & Do提供標準Think & Do和驅動.LGA應用的完整原始代碼包含于單元硬盤驅動.用戶可以更改(添加報警,控制其他裝置,更改顯示等),標準程序滿足用戶要求.然而,由于對程序修改導致LGA單元的性能/可靠度的更改,使ARI的維護更加困難,此類被更改的程序及任何由此產生的損失,ARI公司不承擔責任.
Think & Do includes the following components:
Think & Do包括如下內容:
Think & Do RunTime (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDRT.exe): The LGA System control program is a Think & Do application. RunTime executes (or runs) the compiled application. The LGA program will stop if the RunTime program is shutdown.
Think & Do RunTime(c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDRT.exe):LGA系統控制程序為Think & Do, RunTime執行編譯應用.若RunTime停止,LGA程序運行終止.
Think & Do ScreenView (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDSV.exe): ScreenView is the operator interface or HMI (human-machine interface). It gives the User access to numerous screens related to system configuration, system control and data presentation. The ScreenView title bar (at top of screen) includes the program name (ScreenView), the application name (LGAxxxxx, where xxxxx is the version number) and the name of the current screen (such as Main).
Think & Do ScreenView (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDSV.exe):視屏為人機界面或操作界面. 相關系統組態,系統控制和數據顯示相關的屏幕可由操作人員控制. The ScreenView的標簽(屏幕頂端)包括程序名稱(ScreenView),應用名稱(LGAxxxxx, where xxxxx is the version number)和當前屏幕名稱(如 Main).
Think & Do OPC Server (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDOPC.exe): OPC is a method for data exchange between Windows-based programs. The Canary logger gets data from RunTime via OPC. In some installations, OPC is also used for data exchange between RunTime, other plant equipment, and various factory data acquisition systems.
Think & Do OPC Server (c:\thinkndo\bin\TNDOPC.exe): OPC是基于windows操作基礎上的程序間數據轉換的方式. Canary logger通過OPC從RunTime獲得數據.在一些安裝中,OPC也用于RunTime,其他工廠設備和各種工廠數據采集系統間的數據轉換.
Think & Do DDE Server (c:\thinkndo\bin\TND2DDE.exe): DDE is another(older) method for data exchange between Windows-based programs. In some installations, DDE is used for data exchange between RunTime, other plant equipment, and various factory data acquisition systems.
Think & Do DDE Server (c:\thinkndo\bin\TND2DDE.exe): DDE是另外一種基于windows操作基礎上的程序間數據轉換的方式. 在一些安裝中,DDE也用于RunTime,其他工廠設備和各種工廠數據采集系統間的數據轉換.

4.2 CANARY LABS CANARY LABS
The Canary Labs software package includes a data logger and Trend-Link display application. Electronic documentation is provided via program help files.
Canary Labs軟件包包括數據記錄和Trend-Link顯示.程序幫助文件提供電子文檔.
The Canary Labs’ data logger obtains values from the Think & Do LGA application via OPC. The parameters to be logged (written to a disk file) and the frequency of logging is User configurable. The Trend Link application displays the logged data (real-time and/or historic) in a graphical format. It can also filter and export logged data for viewing in User’s spreadsheet or database software.
通過Think & Do ,LGA的OPC應用獲得Canary Labs的數據記錄.需標定的參數和標定頻率是由用戶定義的. Trend Link的應用記錄數據(實時的/歷史的)顯示在圖表中.他可以過濾和輸出記錄數據,顯示在用戶電子表格和數據庫軟件中.
The Trend Link application is a Visual Basic program for which the complete source code is included. User’s familiar with Visual Basic can use the Canary Labs provided Active-X components to create custom displays.
Trend Link應用包含完整源代碼Visual Basic程序.用戶熟悉Visual Basic程序,可運用提供了Active-X軟件的Canary Labs來創造用戶顯示.
Since each User’s application is unique and each User has his own idea of what data is important and how it is to be visualized, the base LGA unit includes only a simple datalogging/ trend-display package. User can easily expand ARI’s example to satisfy Userspecific requirements or contract ARI to develop a custom package.
由于用戶操作的差異LGA單元的基礎包括唯一的數據記錄/ trend-display包.用戶可以很容易的擴展ARI的范例來滿足用戶不同需求或同ARI訂約研發顧客所需軟件包.
4.3 PC-ANYWHERE
pcAnywhere is a software package that allows one computer to remotely control another computer. The computers can be linked by network cables, modem lines, etc. Electroni documentation is provided via the program’s help files.
pcAnywhere是一個軟件包,使得一臺計算機可以遠程控制另外一臺計算機.也可通過網絡電纜,調制解調器等來連接計算機. 程序幫助文件提供電子文檔.
Many LGA systems are located on the plant floor without video display, keyboard or mouse. With the LGA unit connected to the plant’s network and configured as a pcAnywhere Host, control of the LGA system can be initiated from any computer on the network configured as a pcAnywhere Remote.
許多LGA系統安裝于工廠,沒有顯示屏,鍵盤或鼠標. 通過連接到工廠網絡上的LGA單元可作為pcAnywhere Host來組態,對LGA系統的控制可通過任何一臺網絡內的計算機進行初始化,也可作為pcAnywhere Host組態.

Additionally, User can possibly avoid expensive service calls by allowing a pcAnywhere Remote at ARI’s office to view/control the LGA system’s operation for diagnostic purposes via modem or internet connections (VPN: virtual private network).
另外,通過調制解調器和網絡連接,用戶可通過ARI辦公室內的a pcAnywhere遠程控制LGA系統運行,從而進行診斷避免高昂的服務費用.
4.4 AUTO-START MANAGER 自動啟動管理
When the Windows operating system starts up (boots), it takes some time for the system to checkout its resources and establish network connections. In order to ensure that the LGArelated programs start properly, Auto Start Manager is used to control program startup order and timing. Electronic documentation for Auto Start Manager is provided via its help files.
當Windows 系統啟動是,需花一定時間自檢和連接網絡.為確保lGA相關程序正常啟動,自動啟動管理用于控制程序啟動順序和時間. 程序幫助文件提供自動啟動管理的電子文檔.

Auto Start Manager starts the LGA-related programs in the following order:
自動啟動管理LGA相關程序的順序如下:

Think & Do Runtime and LGA Application
Think & Do OPC Server
Canary Labs Data Logger
Canary Labs Trend-Link Application
Think & Do Runtime 和LGA 應用
Think & Do OPC Server
Canary Labs 數據記錄
Canary Labs Trend-Link 應用

4.5 LGA/PLANT REAL-TIME DATA EXCHANGE LGA/工廠實時數據轉換
Many LGA systems need to exchange data with I/O devices and Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) type software. For this purpose, the standard LGA software package includes both OPC and DDE Servers. The LGA application can be also be modified to include serial communications (using various protocols) and OPC Client functionality.
許多LGA系統需要用I/O裝置和Supervisory Control或Data Acquisition (SCADA) type software來轉換數據.為此,標準LGA軟件包包括OPC 和DDE Servers.LGA的應用也可修改為包括串口通訊(應用各種協議)和OPC客戶功能.
4.5.1 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 通信技術
OPC is a Client/Server technology that enables the exchange of data between various sources (devices, data bases, applications) created by many different vendors. It provides seamless and transparent data exchange between multiple sources. OPC is ARI’s communication mechanism of choice.
OPC采用Client/Server技術,使得不同廠家生產的不同種類的裝置,數據,應用之間可以互相轉換.在多元化的信息源之間轉化數據.OPC是ATI的通信的首選.
Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) is another Client/Server technology that enables the exchange of data between Windows applications. While similar to OPC in its objective, DDE is not an “open” standard, and it uses older technology less suited to process control.
Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)是另一種Client/Server技術,可以在Windows應用平臺上進行數據轉化.轉化結果和OPC類似,但DDE并非“open”標準,他使用舊的技術,不太適合過程控制.
While highly reliable, serial communications (RS-232, RS422, RS485) rely on numerous communication protocols that can make it difficult for one device brand to exchange data with a different device brand. LGA systems have communicated over many serial busses and can be programmed to use other proprietary busses, providing that the serial protocol is available. Serial communications generally work very well, but they can require considerable programming time and they are not as “open” or as easily modified as OPC.
串口通訊(RS-232, RS422, RS485)依賴無數的通訊協議,使得不同品牌數據很難轉換,因而更加可靠.LGA系統通過串口總線通信,也可為適當總線編程,可以提供串口協議.大體來講串口通信非常好,但需要一定的編程時間,且不像OPC那樣的容易修改.
A data exchange server is an executable file defined for a specific device. The LGA data servers (OPC & DDE) make LGA application data available to any compatible plant-side data acquisition system. The LGA program contains more than 10,000 variables; most of which are of no interest to the end user as they are used for internal control and calculations. Pertinent tag names are presented in the next section.

數據轉換服務是一個有特殊裝置定義的可執行文件.LGA數據服務器(OPC & DDE)使得LGA應用數據提供給任何可兼容的數據獲取系統.LGA程序包括多于10,000種的變量;與用于內部控制和計算相比,多數變量對終端用戶無太大影響.標簽名稱在下一部分顯示.
Serial communications and data exchange using LGA’s OPC Client both require modifications to the LGA’s program (application). Contact ARI if you require this functionality.
串口通信和使用LGA OPC Client的數據轉化均要求修改LGA程序(應用).若需要此功能,請聯系ARI.
4.5.2 LGA TAGNAMES
The list of gas compounds measured by the LGA system is contained in Chapter 2. Figures 4a through 4c present the base set of tag names applicable to all LGA systems. Contact ARI if you require tag names for additional parameters.
LGA系統測得的混合氣體列表包含于第二章,圖表4a到4c中的標簽名稱適用于所有lGA系統.若需要更多參數的標簽,請聯系ARI.

當前系統狀態數據
標簽名稱數據類型描述
Sys_OperatingMode_Current 16-bit Signed Integer 當前操作模式
Timer_ModeDuration 32-bit Signed Integer 實時變量
LaserVolt_1sec 32-bit Floating Point 激光強度單位:伏特
LaserPercent_1sec 32-bit Floating Point 激光強度顯示百分比
CellPressure_1sec 32-bit Floating Point 介質壓力, mm Hg or kPa
AnalyzerFlow_1sec 32-bit Floating Point 分析儀氣體流速, ml/min
DewPointAtCell_Xsec 32-bit Floating Point 介質露點溫度, °F or °C
DewPointAtSource_Xsec 32-bit Floating Point 氣源露點溫度, °F or °C
LgaWarningCode 16-bit Signed Integer 警告碼(16 flags)
LgaFaultCode 16-bit Signed Integer 錯誤碼 (16 flags)
Figure 4a: Tagnames, Current Status

當前分析數據
標簽名稱數據類型描述
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_01 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #1, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_02 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #2, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_03 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #3, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_04 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #4, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_05 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #5, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_06 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #6, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_07 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #7, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_08 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #8, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_09 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #9, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_10 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度#10, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_11 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #11, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_12 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #12, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_13 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #13, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_14 Floating Point 氣體濃度 #14, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_15 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #15, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_16 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #16, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_Total_08 32-bit Floating Point 氣體總量1 - 8, % vol
GasConc_Xsec_%Volume_Total_16 32-bit Floating Point 氣體總量 1 - 16, % vol
Figure 4b: Tagnames, Current Analysis as % Volume

當前分析數據
標簽名稱數據類型描述
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_01 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #1, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_02 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #2, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_03 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #3, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_04 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #4, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_05 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #5, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_06 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度#6, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_07 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #7, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_08 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #8, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_09 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度#9, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_10 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #10, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_11 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #11, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_12 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度#12, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_13 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #13, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_14 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度#14, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_15 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #15, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_16 32-bit Floating Point 氣體濃度 #16, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_Total_08 32-bit Floating Point 氣體總量 1 - 8, ppm
GasConc_Xsec_ppmv_Total_16 32-bit Floating Point 氣體總量 1 - 16, ppm
Figure 4c: Tagnames, Current Analysis as PPMV

5 USER INTERFACE 用戶界面
The software interface includes numerous screens which display system information and/or allow the User to set configuration parameters. Screen names in this document are displayed in bold italics (such as Main). User configurable parameters are generally displayed in yellow colored text.
用戶界面包括眾多的顯示屏,顯示系統信息,允許用戶設定組態參數.屏幕名稱在文檔里顯示為粗斜體字(如Main).用戶組態參數通常顯示為黃色文本.
It is assumed that the User/Operator of this system is familiar with the operation of Windows-based computers. Screen descriptions may include statements about pressing a displayed button. Unless a touch-screen monitor is attached to the system, this means put the mouse cursor over the button and click.
一般用戶/此系統操作人員能夠熟練使用Windows操作系統.屏幕描述可能包括一個顯示按鈕的描述.除非觸摸屏的監視器連接到系統上,則可以使用鼠標點擊按鈕.
The operator controls the LGA System primarily through the screens available via ScreenView (section 4.1). When the LGA program starts up, ScreenView displays screen Main, which presents the current state of the analyzer and includes a button for accessing the analyzer’s menu.
操作人員可通過ScreenView (section 4.1)控制LGA系統.當LGA程序啟動ScreenView顯示Main,代表分析儀當前狀態和所有可控制分析儀菜單的按鈕.
Screen Menu is the gateway for control of the LGA System. It gives the User access to numerous screens regarding system configuration, calibration and diagnostics. Access to the Menu screen is normally password protected to prevent unauthorized changes in system operation. When the correct password is entered, User has seven seconds to press the“Menu” button, before the password must be re-entered.
屏幕菜單是控制LGA系統的大門.操作者接觸許多的和系統組態、標定、診斷相關的屏幕.接觸菜單屏幕一般需通過密碼驗證,以防非授權者對操作系統進行更改.當輸入正確口令,用戶有幾秒中的時間按下菜單“Menu”_按鈕.
5.1 SCREEN: MAIN 屏幕:主菜單
Screen Main presents an overview of the current state of the system. It is functionally divided into three sections:

System Status
Gas Analysis
Menu Access
屏幕Main顯示了系統當前狀態的總貌.按功能劃分為三點:
系統狀態
氣體分析儀
菜單入口

5.1.1 SYSTEM STATUS 系統狀態
The status light indicates the overall state of the system:
Green: System OK Yellow: Warning Conditions exist red;fault conditions exist
狀態燈指示了系統狀態全貌:
綠:系統正常
黃:報警條件存在
紅:錯誤狀態存在
The status light also functions as a RESET button when the light is not green. Pressing the RESET button clears current error messages. Some error conditions are tested continuously and some are tested only when certain events occur. Error messages will return if the fault condition exists when tested.
當狀態燈非綠色時,狀態燈也具備重啟按鈕功能.按下RESET按鈕清除當前錯誤信息.一些錯誤條件持續被測試,也有些僅在特定事件發生時測試.當測試到錯誤條件存在,顯示錯誤信息.
The mode block displays which mode (section 6.1) the system is operating in.
模式模塊顯示系統正運行的模式(section 6.1)
The message block displays information describing the current warnings and faults.
信息模塊顯示當前警報或錯誤信息.

                  Figure 5a: Screen Main

Various parameter values and device states (Green = On, Gray = Off) are displayed.
顯示各種參數值和設備狀態(綠色=開,灰色=關)
The displayed units of temperature and pressure can be changed on screen SysCfg (section 7.2):
顯示溫度和壓力單元，可在SysCfg (section 7.2)上更改設定值

degrees Fahrenheit and millimeters of mercury or
degrees Centigrade and kilopascal
1)華氏刻度和毫米汞柱
2)攝氏刻度和千帕
5.1.2 CURRENT GAS ANALYSIS 當前氣體分析
This section displays the results of the current gas analysis. The displayed gas compound label can be toggled between compound name and compound formula by clicking on the displayed label. The displayed gas concentration units can be toggled between percent volume (% Vol) and
parts per million (ppmv) by clicking on the displayed units.
此部分顯示當期氣體分析結果,可以通過點擊顯示的氣體混合物的標簽(位于混合物名稱和混合物方程式之間)操作,通過點擊顯示的氣體濃度單元(位于百分比容量和ppm之間標簽)查看氣體濃度.
5.1.3 MENU ACCESS 進入菜單
The Menu button is designed to bring up screen Menu. If password protection is active, the Menu button will only function after the password has been correctly entered.
按下菜單按鈕,屏幕顯現Menu.若密碼保護被激活,在密碼被正確輸入后,菜單按鈕開始工作.
5.2 SCREEN: MENU 屏幕:MENU
The Menu screen is the gateway for control of the LGA System. It is divided into the following sections:
屏幕:MENU是進入控制LGA系統的大門.分為如下步驟:
Analyzer Operation: The screens listed in this section are used for configuring and controlling the LGA system. The individual screens are discussed in Chapter 6.
1)分析儀操作:屏幕所顯示的部分用于組態和控制LGA系統.個別的屏幕在第六章詳述.
Analyzer Calibration: The screens listed in this section relate to calibration of the Laser Gas Analyzer. They are discussed in Chapter 7.
分析儀的標定:屏幕所顯示相關LGA分析儀的標定.在第七章詳述.
Analyzer Diagnostics: These screens, which present information on the internal operations of the Laser Gas Analyzer, are useful when diagnosing analyzer problems. The individual screens are discussed in Chapter 8.
3)分析儀的診斷:屏幕顯示了分析儀內部操作信息,對于診斷分析儀故障提供支持.個別屏幕在第八章詳述.

Figure 5b: Screen Menu
6 ANALYZER OPERATION & SETUP PARAMETERS分析儀的操作和參數設定
This chapter discusses LGA system operation and the various setup parameters used to control it.
本章介紹了LGA系統的操作和多種參數的設定.
6.1 OPERATING MODES 操作模式
The LGA System has six operating modes: Warm-up, Standby, Auto-Sample, Barometer, Manual Control and Manual Calibration.
LGA系統有六種操作模式:預熱,準備,自動采樣,氣壓計,手動控制和手動標定.
6.1.1 WARM-UP MODE預熱模式
The gas analysis cell in the Laser Gas Analyzer is designed to operate at an elevated temperature (around 105 oF or 40.6 oC). When the LGA program starts up, the system operates in Warm-up Mode until the cell has been heated to its minimum-operating temperature. While operating in Warm-up Mode, the analysis is flagged as invalid and the gas concentrations are displayed in gray text.
LGA內的氣體分析介質需在溫度105 oF 或 40.6 oC左右操作.當LGA程序啟動,系統進入預熱模式直到介質被加熱到其最小操作溫度.當操作處于預熱模式,氣體濃度顯示在灰色文本.
Warm-up Mode has a minimum duration of fifteen seconds. An error message will be displayed if the warm-up period exceeds twelve minutes. The system shifts into Auto- Sampling Mode when Warm-up Mode is completed.
預熱模式有一個最小持續時間為15秒.若預熱過程超過12分鐘,將有錯誤信息顯示.當預熱模式完成,系統直接進入自動采樣模式.
6.1.2 STANDBY MODE 準備模式
Standby Mode occurs when a major fault condition exists. The analysis is flagged as invalid and the gas concentrations are displayed in gray text.
當失敗條件存在,進入準備模式, 氣體濃度顯示在灰色文本.

6.1.3 AUTO-SAMPLING MODE 自動采樣模式
In Auto-Sampling mode, the LGA continuously samples and analyses the gas connected to the unit’s sample port. This is the system’s normal operating mode.
在自動采樣模式下,分析儀連續采樣并分析氣體,是系統正常的操作模式.
6.1.4 BAROMETER MODE 氣壓計模式
The analyzer needs to know the local atmospheric pressure in order to convert measured moisture content into dew point temperature. Barometer mode lasts approximately 20 seconds per occurrence.
氣體分析儀需知道當地大氣壓以便將測得的濕度含量轉換為露點溫度.氣壓計模式運行一次時間大致為20秒.
6.1.5 MANUAL CONTROL MODE 手動控制模式
In Manual Mode, User can override the configured automatic operations. Manual Mode, which is performed from screen ManCtrl, is included in the LGA software primarily for calibration and diagnostic purposes.
在手動模式下,用戶忽略自動組態操作.在ManCtrl下進行手動模式操作.
6.1.6 MANUAL CALIBRATION MODE 手動標定模式
Manual Calibration Mode is in effect whenever the system is in Manual Mode and the User is displaying screen Cal-Z (zero gas calibration) or Cal-S (span gas calibration).
無論系統在手動模式或Cal-Z (zero gas calibration) /Cal-S (span gas calibration) 上,手動標定模式均有效.
6.2 SETUP DATA 數據安裝
General parameters required for LGA operation are configured via LGA screen Setup.
通常LGA操作所需參數通過LGA的Setup屏來組態.

Figure 6a: Screen Setup
6.2.1 GAS AVERAGING PERIOD 氣體平均周期
Gas concentrations are calculated for two periods: one-second and a User specified period(1 to 60 seconds). The calculation procedures are discussed in section 8.1.
氣體濃度的計算有兩個周期:一秒種和用戶指定周期(一到六十秒).計算步驟在8.1部分詳述.
The sample-mode averaging period (typically: 5 - 15 seconds) is the default averaging period. The calibration-mode averaging period (typically: 10 - 30 seconds) is used when the operator displays the gas calibration screens.
采樣模式平均周期(一般在5-15秒)是默認平均周期.標定模式平均周期(一般在10-30秒),顯示在氣體標定屏上.
6.2.2 LOCAL PRESSURE UPDATE 當地壓力更新
The LGA uses the local atmospheric pressure in some of its calculations. This block is used to configure the frequency of local pressure updates (Barometer Mode, typically every60 minutes). An interval of zero disables local pressure updates.
LGA在一些計算中采用當地大氣壓力.此單元參數在當地大氣壓力下更新. (氣壓計模式, 每60分鐘一次). 一個零的區間不能更新當地壓力.
6.2.3 DEW POINT FAULT TEST 露點錯誤測試
The LGA and its sampling system must be protected from contact with liquids and condensable gases. All sampled gases must be “dry”; they must not contain any compounds that may condense at the LGA’s operating temperature and pressure. Liquids in the system will foul laser optics and adversely impact system valves, pumps and filters.
LGA和其采樣系統必須得到保護防止接觸液體和可凝結的氣體.所有采得氣體必須干燥,不能含有任何一種在LGA操作溫度和壓力下可能凝結的混合物.系統內存在液體將會污染光學器件,對系統的閥,泵和過濾器產生不利影響.
LGA systems that include a water vapor (H2O) detector will stop sampling if the measured dew point temperature exceeds the dew point fault temperature set in this block.
LGA系統包括水蒸氣探測儀,當測得露點溫度超出露點設定值,采樣停止.

6.2.4 SOURCE OPERATING PRESSURE 源頭的操作壓力
The LGA measures gas concentration on a volume basis. In order to convert the concentration of water vapor into dew point temperature at the source, the system needs to know the pressure at the source. This block allows User to specify the source operating pressure (relative to atmosphere, default value is zero).
LGA測量一定容積的氣體濃度.為將水蒸氣濃度轉換為源頭的露點溫度,系統需知道源頭壓力.此單元允許用戶設定源頭操作壓力(相對大氣壓,缺省值為零).
6.2.5 CARRIER/MISSING GASES 運行/缺省氣體
Carrier gases are defined as gas compounds in the sample gas that cannot be detected by the LGA. When the LGA gas analysis total is significantly less than 100%, either the unit is out of calibration, or carrier gases are present.
運行氣體即樣氣中的不能被LGA探測到的氣體混合物.當LGA氣體總量嚴重低于100%,上述情況標定失敗.
The LGA system measures sample gas flow rate with a mass-flow-rate sensor and uses the sample gas molecular weight (derived from the gas analysis) to convert the measured massflow into the system-required volumetric-flow. Depending on which compounds the LGA detects and which compounds are present in the sample gas, the LGA may or may not know the “complete” gas analysis.
LGA系統利用質量流量傳感器測量樣氣流量,使用采樣器分子重量將測得質量流量轉化為系統所需的流量.LGA探測到的化合物

The Carrier Gas Table allows User to specify known carrier gas factors. Appropriate values should be entered if the LGA measured compounds represent a small fraction of the total gas present. Carrier gas concentrations ? are determined from the User-defined carrier gas factors (F):
運行氣表格向用戶展示了運行氣體因素.若測得混合氣體代表所有氣體總的最小比率,適當的數值將被確認.運行氣體濃度?有用戶定義的運行氣因素(F)決定.

If “F” is greater than zero (positive), then the “C” is a fixed value equal to “F”.
Example: if “F” = +8.3, then “C” = 8.3 % (fixed value).
1)若“F”大于零(positive), “C”為固定值等于“F”
例如: 若“F” = +8.3, 則 “C” = 8.3 % (固定值).
If “F” is less than zero (negative), then “| F |” represents a percentage of the“missing” gas.
Example: if the measured analysis totals 84 % and “F” = -25,
then “C” = (100.0 – 84.0) x | -25.0 | / 100.0 = 4.0 % (dynamic value)
2)若“F”小于零(negative),那么“F”代表缺省氣體的百分比.
例如:若測得分析總量為84%, “F” = -25,則“C” = (100.0 – 84.0) x | -25.0 | / 100.0 = 4.0 % (動態值)
Typically, most carrier gas factors are set to 0.00.
一般,多數運行氣因素設定為0.00.
Note: LGA System 36 assumes that all missing gas is argon. This is accomplished by setting the argon carrier gas factor to –100. The argon concentration estimate will be greater than zero whenever the sum of gases 1 through 8 is less than 100. The argon estimate will equal zero whenever the sum is greater than or equal to 100.
注意:LGA系統36假定所有缺省氣體為氬氣.通過設定氬氣運行氣因素為–100來完成.當氣體總量1-8小于100,氬氣濃度估計大于零.當氣體總量多于或等于100,氬氣估計值為零.

6.2.6 LGA DATA LOG LGA的數據記錄
The analyzer logs data (writes it to disk) on an elapsed time basis using the User defined interval. Each data-log-entry includes the results of the gas analysis and parameters defining the analyzer’s condition at the time of the analysis. Setting the interval to zero disables data logging. Note that the data log discussed in this section is different from that created by the Canary Labs software package (section 4.2).
分析儀在用戶定義的事件間隔內錄入過去的數據.每條數據錄入包含氣體分析結果和實時定義分析儀的參數.間隔為零,不能錄入數據.注,此段所述數據記錄區別于Canary Labs software package (4.2部分).
Data log entries are written to disk files in comma-separated-value (csv) format, which is directly readable by most spreadsheet and database programs. New data files are created each day. The data files are named
“C:\LgaData\Analysis\LgaSN_YYMMDD_A.csv” where:
Data log entries以 comma-separated-value格式被書寫到硬盤文件上,可通過段子表格和數據庫程度讀取.每天都會有新的數據文檔產生.數據文檔以“C:\LgaData\Analysis\LgaSN_YYMMDD_A.csv”命名;

LgaSN is the file name pre-fix (SN = LGA serial number).
YYMMDD is the Year, Month and Day of data collection
A indicates that the file contains gas analysis data
LgaSN為名稱前綴(SN =LGA系列碼).
YYMMDD為數據收集的年,月,日.
A表明文檔包含氣體分析數據.
6.2.7 RETENTIVE DATA SAVE
When the LGA control program starts up, it reads a data file that contains all the system configuration data. The file is named LgaSN.ret (where SN is the unit serial number) and it is located in the program directory (C:\Lga\LgaSN). The file should be updated whenever any configuration parameters are changed, but normal Think & Do operation will only update it when the program goes through a normal shutdown. Any changes to the configuration data would be lost should the computer system “crash” before a normal shutdown.
當LGA控制程序啟動,讀取包含了所有系統組態數據文檔,文檔以LgaSN.ret命名,位于程序目錄(C:\Lga\LgaSN).無論何時組態參數發生改變,文檔都應得到更新,但當程序通過正常關機, Think & Do操作會更新.任何計算機系統在正常關機前，對組態變化的數據將丟失。
The Retentive Data section includes a User defined interval for updating the configuration data file on an elapsed time basis and a “Save Now” button to initiate a file update at any given time.
The Retentive Data部分包括用戶定義更新組態數據文檔的間隔, “Save Now”按鈕用于在規定時間創建文檔更新.

A history of retentive data files is contained in C:\LgaData\RetFiles. At the start of each new day, a copy of the current retentive data file is placed in the RetFiles directory (with a date code added to the file name).
歷史數據文檔包含于C:\LgaData\RetFiles.新一天的開始,將拷貝的當前retentive data file放于RetFiles目錄(文檔名稱會追加日期編碼).
6.3 MANUAL CONTROL 手動控制
Screen ManCtrl is included in the LGA software for calibration and diagnostic purposes. It allows the User to operate the system in Manual Mode from which User can override the configured automatic operations.
LGA軟件的ManCtrl屏用于標定和診斷.用戶可以用手動模式操作,因此可忽略組態自動操作.

Figure 6b: Screen ManCtrl
The MODE button toggles Manual Mode on and off.
手動模式的開關由模式按鈕控制.
The RESET button clears current error messages. Some error conditions are tested continuously (such as system temperature) and some are tested only when certain events occur (such as calibration failure only tested during a calibration). Error messages will return if the fault condition exists when tested.
RESET按鈕清除當前錯誤信息.一些錯誤情況(如系統溫度)可連續測試,一些錯誤情況(如標定失敗僅在標定過程中被測試)僅在特殊情況下測試.若測試到錯誤情況存在,仍會顯示錯誤信息.
The device buttons indicate which devices (laser, pump & barometer valve) are on (green) or off (gray). If the system is operating in Manual Control Mode, pressing a button will toggle (change) the device’s state.
設備按鈕指示設備(激光,泵和barometer valve)是開(綠色)是關(灰色).若系統正通過手動模式控制,按下按鈕可改變設備狀態.
Note: The sampling pump cannot be run when the barometer valve is on.
注意;當氣壓閥處于開狀態時,采樣泵不工作.
6.4 ADMINISTRATOR CONTROLS 管理員控制
Screen Admin is used to control on-screen keypad usage and password operations. It is only accessible when the LGA Administrator password (see below) is entered on screen Main.
Admin屏用于控制屏幕上小鍵盤使用和密碼操作.只有管理員在Main. 屏輸入密碼(如下所示)才可進入操作.
The on-screen keypad is a useful tool when a touch-screen monitor is attached to the LGA system computer. It allows for changing screens and modifying configuration parameters from the touch-screen, without need for a “real” keyboard and/or mouse.
當觸摸監視器連接到LGA系統計算機上時,屏幕上的小鍵盤是很有效的工具.通過觸摸屏,不需要真正的鍵盤或鼠標便可更換屏幕和組態系數.
If password protection is disabled, anyone/everyone has full access to the analyzer’s setup and control parameters.
若密碼保護失效,任何人都可接近分析儀的啟動和控制參數.
If password protection is enabled, only those users with a valid password can access the analyzer’s setup and control parameters.
若密碼保護激活,只有持有效密碼的人才能夠接近分析儀的啟動和控制參數.
The LGA can be setup to recognize up to four user passwords:
LGA可設定四組用戶密碼:
Users 1 through 3: general users
User 4: LGA Administrator (main user)
用戶1到3:一般用戶
用戶4:LGA管理員(主要用戶)

Figure 6c: Screen Admin
7 LGA CALIBRATION LGA標定
This chapter presents issues and procedures related to calibration of the Laser Gas Analyzer. The following items are discussed:
此章展示了和LGA相關的標定步驟,如下所示:

Calibration Gas Quality
Analyzer Configuration
Base-Level Gas Calibration
Zero Gas Calibrations
Span Gas Calibrations
Working Gas Calibration Data
Flow Meter Calibration
Cell Pressure Adjustment
Local Atmospheric Pressure
1)標定氣體質量
分析儀標定
Base-Level 氣體標定
零氣標定
Span 氣標定
工作氣標定數據
7)流量標定
8)介質壓力調整
9)當地氣壓

The calibration procedures described in this chapter are all manual operations.
此章所描述的標定步驟都是手動操作.

7.1 CALIBRATION GAS QUALITY 標氣質量
In general, the analytical results generated by the LGA can only be as good as the gases used to calibrate it. ARI recommends the following calibration gas specifications:
一般,LGA產生的的分析結果會和標定氣體一樣.ARI推薦如下標定氣體規格:
Single-compound gas standards: 99.9999% pure.
Mixed-gas standards: individual compounds should have an accuracy of: ±0.02% absolute, when compound concentration is greater than or equal to 2%
(examples: 87.27 ± 0.02, 37.53 ± 0.02, 5.77 ± 0.02)
±1.0% of the stated value, when compound concentration is less than 2%
(examples: 1.324 ± 0.013, 0.3793 ± 0.0038, 0.0509 ± 0.0005)
Single-compound單復合氣體標準: 99.9999% pure.
混合氣體標準:當混合氣體的密度大于或等于2%,個別混合物需有±0.02% 絕對純度
(例如: 87.27 ± 0.02, 37.53 ± 0.02, 5.77 ± 0.02)
當混合氣體濃度低于2%,則所述值需±1.0%
(例如: 1.324 ± 0.013, 0.3793 ± 0.0038, 0.0509 ± 0.0005)

WARNING: Calibration gases are generally supplied in high-pressure cylinders. These gases must be delivered to the analyzer in a manner that does not disrupt the analyzer’s internal flow/pressure regulating capabilities. Improper gas delivery rates will hurt the unit’s accuracy and high pressures could damage system components.
警告:標定氣體一般由高壓氣缸提供.這些氣體以不影響分析儀內部流動/壓力調節能力的前提下運送.不適當的氣體運送速度會損傷單元精度,高壓會損害系統部件.
7.2 ANALYZER CONFIGURATION 分析儀組態
Screen SysCfg displays the list of gases measured by the LGA. It is also used to set the following configuration parameters:

Standard Conditions: The Standard Laser Voltage and Standard Cell Pressure values are used for gas signal normalization. The standard laser voltage value also defines what is meant when laser percent = 100.
SysCfg屏顯示LGA測得的氣體列表.也可通過此屏設定如下組態參數:
標準狀態:標準激光電壓和標準介質壓力值用于氣體信號規格化.當激光的百分率 = 100時，是標準激光電壓值
Type of Zero Gas: The zero-gas selection buttons are used to indicate which type of gas is being used: argon or helium. The selection does not physically change the type of zero-gas being used. It simply changes the zero-gas molecular weight, which is used in various calculations.
2)零氣類型;零氣選擇按鈕顯示了哪種氣體正被應用:氬氣或氦氣.物理上來講,選擇不會改變正在使用的零氣的類型.僅改變了用于不同計算中的零氣的分子重量.
List of Non-Measured gases: The set of carrier/missing gases present in the sample gas stream is created on this screen. Refer to section 6.2.5.
3)未測得的氣體列表:樣氣流中的運送/缺省氣體顯示在屏幕上.參考6.2.5.部分.
System Engineering Units: User can select which units the system employs:
4)系統工程單位:用戶可選擇系統應用那種單位.
a) degrees Fahrenheit and millimeters of mercury or
b) degrees Centigrade and kilopascal
a) 華氏溫度和毫米汞柱
b) 攝氏溫度和千帕

Figure 7a: Screen SysCfg
The “Special Calibration” parameters allow one gas channel to be calibrated with the gas designated for a different channel. In most systems, this is not desired and all parameters should be set to zero.
“特殊標定”參數允許被用不同通道的指定氣體標定一種氣體通道.在大多數系統中不需要特殊標定,所有參數設置為零.
“Special Calibration” is typically used when the Laser Gas Analyzer contains the general hydrocarbon channel (CxHy) and a specific hydrocarbon channel (CH4). By setting the CxHy’s special calibration channel equal to the CH4 channel (and its Calib Factor to 1.00), both channels (CxHy and CH4) will be simultaneous calibrated each time the CH4 channel is calibrated. Note: In such situations, the CxHy concentrations in the calibration gas table(Figure 7e) should be set to zero.
通常,當LGA包含一般碳氫化合物(CxHy) 通道和特殊碳氫化合物(CH4)通道是使用“特殊標定”.通過設定碳氫化合物(CxHy)的特殊校準通道和特殊碳氫化合物CH4通道(標定因素為一)一致,一旦CH4通道被標定,則兩個通道(CxHy and CH4)將同時被標定.注意:在一些情況下, CxHy的濃度在標定氣表格中應設定為零.
The CxHy concentration in the above situation represents total hydrocarbons as methane. The CxHy concentration can be made to represent total non-methane hydrocarbons by subtracting-out the methane via the LGA’s cross-talk table (Figure 7i). Subtracting CH4 from CxHy is performed by setting the cross-talk factor for Row-CH4 and Column-CxHy to a value of 1.00 (or equal to the Special Calib Factor, if different than 1.00).
所有上述情況中的碳氫化合物的濃度代表整體碳氫化合物,如甲烷。不包括甲烷的碳氫化合物的濃度見圖7i.從碳氫化合物減去甲烷，由Row-CH4和Column- CxHy 對1.00值的對話因數執行。（如果非 1，等于特殊因數）.

7.3 BASE-LEVEL CALIBRATION 基礎水平標定
Base-Level Calibration is a resource-intensive manual operation. At a minimum, it requires one cylinder of zero gas, one calibration gas standard (single-compound cylinder) for each of the gases detected by the analyzer and typically four to eight hours of a technician’s time. The good news is that this calibration should only have to be performed once for a given set of analyzer components. However, replacement of any gas detection component may necessitate a recalibration.
基礎水平標定是資源密集型的手動操作.在最低限度,需要一個零氣的氣缸, 標氣標準(單化合物氣缸)和四到八小時.可以通過一次操作完成標定.然而,任何氣體檢測成份,需重新標定.

The LGA includes eight gas detectors (APDs). Base-Level Calibration consists of:
LGA包括八種氣體檢測器(APDs).基礎水平標定的組成;

Determining the linearization factor for each APD.
Determining the background signal for each APD.
Determining the cross-talk factors for the set of APDs.
Determining the span factors for each gas compound (APD).
1)定義每個APD的線性因素.
2)定義每個APD的背景信號.
3)定義每個APD的對話因素.
定義每種氣體混合物的范圍因素(APD).

This calibration requires that the User is familiar with the LGA system’s Manual Mode operations and with the laser alignment procedure (section 9.5.3). An understanding of the material presented in section 9.1 would be helpful. The calibration procedure is performed via the following LGA screens:
此標定要求用戶非常熟悉LGA系統的手動模式操作和激光對正過程(9.5.3部分).標定過程通過LGA屏幕控制,如下所示;

ManCtrl: Manual Control Operations
Cal-B: Base Calibration Performance
Cal-BR: Base Calibration Results
ManCtrl: 手動控制操作
Cal-B: 基礎標定操作
Cal-BR: 基礎標定結果

7.3.1 PREPARING FOR BASE-LEVEL CALIBRATION 基礎水平標定準備
The LGA should be operating at optimum conditions before attempting any base-level calibration. The following items should be checked:
在嘗試任何基礎水平標定前,LGA應在最佳調節下操作.檢查如下項目:

Calibration should be performed with the unit installed and operating in its normal environment or, if not possible, in a temperature-controlled, draft-free area. The unit should be warmed up at least 1 hour prior to the calibration.
1)標定應在正常條件下操作完成,若不行,需控制操作區域的溫度.在標定前給單元加熱至少一小時.
Check analog parameters to ensure proper unit operation (screen Analog).
2)檢查模擬參數確保適合單元操作.( Analog屏).
The laser alignment should be adjusted for maximum voltage.
4)激光對準時應調到最大電壓.
Gas flow rate and cell pressure should be adjusted to appropriate levels.
5)氣體流量與介質壓力應調至適當值.
Set the sample averaging time to a value ≥10 seconds (screen Setup)
6)設定采樣平均時間值≥10秒(Setup屏)
All gas standards should be available and ready for use.
7)應準備好所有氣體標準,隨時待用.
If laser voltage will be varied during the calibration, remove the auxiliary cooling-fan to allow access to the laser-alignment screws.
8)若標定過程中的激光電壓改變,移出輔助冷風扇,調節激光對準螺絲.
Place the LGA in Manual Control Mode. Note: LGA calibrations can only be performed when the unit is operating in Manual Mode.
9)設定LGA為手動控制模式. 注意:LGA標定只在單元處于手動模式下完成.
7.3.2 PERFORMING BASE-LEVEL CALIBRATION 基礎水平標定的操作
Base-level calibration is performed by:
基礎水平標定通過如下步驟操作
Filling in worksheet screen Cal-B. This involves obtaining a minimum of three data points (Effective Concentration, APD Signal) for each APD. There are several methods for obtaining the data points and they all involve presenting a specific gas to the analyzer, possibly adjusting the laser voltage and recording the pertinent data (gas concentration, laser voltage, cell pressure and temperature, APD signal). Suggested procedures are presented below. Note that background signals (data point 5 below) must be acquired first.
1)在Cal-B.屏填寫工作表.這是涉及到每個APD獲得最少三個數據(有效濃度,APD信號).獲得數據點有不同的方式,跟分析儀顯示的特殊氣體相關.調整激光電壓和相關數據記錄(氣體濃度,激光電壓,介質壓力和溫度,APD信號).推薦過程如下所示.注意背景信號(下面數據點5) 需在最初獲得.
Reviewing the results as displayed on screen Cal-BR. The data should be checked for accuracy and completeness.
2)瀏覽Cal-BR 屏上顯示的結果.應檢查數據的正確性和完整性.
Copying the results into the analyzer’s working calibration data.
Each APD has a single gas compound associated with it. APD calibration involves presenting various levels of Raman-frequency photons to the APD and observing its response.
3)將結果拷貝到分析儀，標定數據.每個APD有一個與此相關的氣體成份.APD的標定涉及到顯示各種拉曼頻率光子的水平，觀察其回答.
For each gas compound, the number of Raman-frequency photons present in the gas stream is linearly proportional to both the compound concentration and the laser voltage. A minimum of three data points (obtained by varying compound concentration and/or laser voltage) is required to calculate an APD linearization factor. The LGA software, as shown on screen Cal-B will accept up to five data points, which are defined as follows:
對于每種氣體混合物,拉曼光子在氣流中的頻率呈的線性比例關系, 對化合物的濃度和激光電壓也如此.最小的三個數據點(通過改變混合物濃度/調整閥門獲得)用于計算APD線性化因素.LGA的軟件,如Cal-B所顯示,會打到五個數據點,描述如下:
Point 1: This point is required. It should be obtained using maximum laser voltage and a gas with maximum compound concentration. In most cases, the compound concentration should be 100% (i.e. pure compound). Lower compound concentrations (obtained by dilution with zero-gas) can be used so long as the concentration is greater than that expected when operating.
1)點1:通過使用最大閥門和最大氣體濃度獲得.多數情況下,混合氣體的濃度為100%(如:單混合物).只要在操作時,氣體濃度高于預計的,可以使用低混合濃度氣體(通過加入零氣稀釋獲得).

Note: Point 1 data is also used to determine the APD cross-talk factors.
注;點1數據也用于定義APD對話因素.
2) Points 2, 3 and 4: At least one of these points is required. These points should be obtained by using various combinations of compound concentration and laser voltage. Two possible ways of obtaining these points are as follows:
2)點2,3,4,通過使用多種混合物濃度和閥門獲得.方法如下:
a) Obtain data points by allowing the laser to run at maximum voltage and using various compound concentrations. This can be accomplished with separate gas cylinders of differing concentrations and/or using a dilution apparatus to zero-gas dilute the gas from Point 1.
a)通過將法門調至最大和使用多種氣體濃度獲得.使用單獨不同濃度的氣缸/使用稀釋設備稀釋.

b) Obtain data points by using the gas from Point 1 and varying the laser
voltage. This can be accomplished by changing the alignment of the laser
optics.
b)通過使用來自點1的氣體和改變閥門獲得數據點.可通過改變光學器件的分布來控制.
3) Point 5: This point is required and must be obtained using zero-gas. Note that this point only needs to be obtained once as the background signal data for all APDs are updated together.
3)點5:此點不需通過零氣獲得.注:此點只需作為所有APD背景信號數據獲取一次.
7.3.3 SCREEN: CAL-B

The Cal-B screen displays the cross-talk and linearization data obtained for each APD (one at a time). It includes the following five information blocks:
Cal-B屏顯示對話和為每臺APD獲取的線性化數據.包括如下五個信息模塊:

APD/Gas Selector
Current Data, Zero Signal and Cross-Talk Data
Linearization Data Set
Linear Factors and Iteration Limits
Best Fit Linearization Results
APD/Gas Selector
Current Data, Zero Signal and Cross-Talk Data
Linearization Data Set
Linear Factors and Iteration Limits
Best Fit Linearization Results

The “APD/Gas Selector” block has one button for each APD in the analyzer. The “lighted” button, which represents the active APD/Gas, is User selectable.
“APD/Gas Selector”模塊由按鈕對應分析儀的每個APD.亮起的按鈕代表有效APD/氣體是可供用戶選擇的.
The “Current Data, Zero Gas Data and Cross-Talk Data” block contains current analyzer signal data, current zero gas signal data and cross-talk signal data for the active APD/Gas.
“Current Data, Zero Gas Data and Cross-Talk Data”模塊包含現行分析儀信號數據,現行零氣信號數據和交談信號數據.

Figure 7b: Screen Cal-B
The “Linearization Data” block displays the active APD/Gas number and the name of the corresponding gas compound. It contains five buttons for data acquisition:
“Linearization Data”模塊顯示有效APD/氣體數量和氣體對應氣體混合物名稱.包含獲取數據的五個按鈕:

The concentration values below each button must be updated manually. The value should be the gas concentration passing through the analyzer when the data below it was acquired.
1)每個按鈕下的濃度值需通過手動更新.濃度值應該是,當數據低于所要求值時,通過分析儀氣體的濃度.
Button “1-XT”: This button is used to acquire cross-talk and linearization data for the active APD. When the button is pressed, the user is given the choice of“Acquire Data” or“Acquire Data”. Each action must then be confirmed:
2)“1-XT”按鈕:此按鈕用于獲取對話和有效APD的線性數據.當用戶按下按鈕.便可選擇“Acquire Data”或“Acquire Data”.每個步驟都需核實:
a) If “Acquire Data” is selected, data in the “current-data” column will be copied to the “cross-talk-data” column. “Current data” will also be copied to the linearization-data-column located just below button “1-XT”
a)若選擇“Acquire Data”按鈕,在“current-data”欄的數據將被拷貝到“cross-talk-data”欄. “Current data”也被拷貝到位于“1-XT”下的linearization-data欄.

b) If “Clear Data” is selected, data in the “cross-talk-data” column and
“linearization-data-column” below button “1-XT” will be filled with zeros.
b)若選擇“Clear Data”按鈕,則位于“1-XT”按鈕下的“cross-talk-data” 和“linearization-data-column”欄下數據將被填充為零.
3) Buttons “2”, “3”, and “4”: These buttons are used to acquire linearization data for the active APD. When the button is pressed, the user is given the choice of“Acquire Data” or “Clear Data”. Each action must then be confirmed:
3) “2”, “3”, 和 “4”按鈕:這些按鈕用于為有效APD獲取線性數據.當用戶按下按鈕,便可選擇“Acquire Data” 或“Clear Data”. 每個步驟都需核實:

a) If “Acquire Data” is selected, data in the “current-data” column will be copied to the “linearization-data” column just below selected button.
b) If “Clear Data” is selected, data in the “linearization-data-column” located just below selected button will be filled with zeros.
a)若選擇“Acquire Data”按鈕, “current-data”欄下的數據將被拷貝到“linearization-data”欄.
b)若選擇“Clear Data”按鈕,則位于選擇按鈕下的“linearization-data-column”欄下數據將被填充為零.

Button “5-ZG”: This button is used to acquire background signal data that is used in linearization and cross-talk calculations. Unlike the other buttons, which acquire data directly, this button sends the User to the “Cal-Z” screen to update the background (zero gas) data. Note that the
background signal data for all APDs are updated together.
“5-ZG”按鈕:此按鈕用于獲取背景信號數據,用于線性化和cross-talk的計算.不像氣體按鈕可以直接獲取數據,此按鈕是用戶處在“Cal-Z”屏下更新背景(零氣)數據.注:所有APD的背景信號數據的更新是同時進行的.

Three data points are required to calculate an APD linearization factor. The LGA calculates linearization factors for three data sets(Points 1,2,5; Points 1,3,5; and Points 1,4,5):
APD線性化因素計算需三個數據點.LGA為三個數據計算線性因數（點1，2，5；點1，3，5；點1，4，5）

If none of the data sets yields a valid linearization factor, the linearization factor for the active APD is set to the User configurable default factor and the correlation factor is set to zero.
1)如果任何數據組都不能產生有效線性化因素,則有效APD的線性因素設定為用戶可組態缺省因素,相關因素設定為零.
If only one of the data sets yields a valid linearization factor, the linearization factor for the active APD is set to that value (correlation factor = 1).
2)若數據組產生有效線性因素, 則有效APD的線性因素設定位此值(相關因素=1)
If more than one of the data sets yields a valid linearization factor, the LGA iterates between the minimum and maximum factors. The linearization factor for the active APD is set to the iterated linearization factor that yields the best correlation factor.
3)若更多數據組產生有效線性因素, 則LGA在最小和最大因素之間重復. 有效APD的線性因素設定為重復的線性因素,可產生最佳相應因素.
7.3.4 SCREEN: CAL-BR CAL-BR屏
Screen Cal-BR displays the results of the data collected during Base-Level Calibration.
CAL-BR屏顯示Base-Level標定下收集的數據結果.

Figure 7c: Screen Cal-BR
The “Calculate Cross Talk Factors for Selected APDs” buttons determine if the given APDs are included in the cross-talk array (problems can arise in units with duplicate detectors and/or detectors that measure sum of other channels).
如果APD包括cross-talk array(在單元內重復分析／其它通道的分析匯總)，Calculate Cross Talk Factors for Selected APDs按鈕給出定義
An “Activate Base Calibration Factors” button is provided for copying the data presented on this screen to the analyzer’s working calibration data. If the button is pressed, a confirmation box will appear. If the action is confirmed, the copy process will proceed with the displayed data overwriting the analyzer’s working calibration data (old calibration data is lost).
“Activate Base Calibration Factors”按鈕將顯示在屏幕上的數據并給分析儀標定工作數據.按下此按鈕,會彈出去確認框.若操作確定,拷貝將繼續,顯示的數據將覆蓋分析儀的工作標定數據(老的標定數據丟失)

7.4 ZERO CALIBRATION 零標定
The background signal for a given LGA gas channel is defined as the gas signal measured by that channel’s detector when exposed to a gas containing no Raman producing compounds. The LGA is designed to use argon or helium as the “zero gas” for determining background signals. The specific zero gas being used is selectable on screen SysCfg.
當暴露的氣體不含有拉曼產品化合物時，LGA氣體通道的背景信號被定義為氣體信號,由通道探測器測得.LGA設定氬氣和氦氣為”零氣”來定義背景信號.具體零氣選擇可在SysCfg.屏上操作.
Zero calibrations should be performed on a regular basis to correct for instrument drift caused by temperature, pressure and general electronic fluctuations.
由于溫度,壓力和一般電子波動引起的儀表漂移，零標定需在一個規律的基礎上更正。
7.4.1 ZERO CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 零標定步驟
Zero calibration involves presenting zero gas to the analyzer and recording the measured instrument signals. The calibration is performed from screen Cal-Z.
零標定涉及向分析儀顯示零氣,儀表測得的信號.標定在Cal-Z.屏上.
Preparations for Zero Calibration: 零標定的準備

Calibrations should be performed with the unit installed and operating in its normal environment or, if not possible, in a temperature-controlled, draft-free area. The unit should be warmed up at least 1 hour prior to the calibration.
1)標定需在單元已安裝和正常環境下進行操作,若不能夠,在可調節溫度環境下進行.在標定前,需對單元加熱至少一個小時.
Place the LGA in Manual Control Mode. Note: LGA calibrations can only be performed when the unit is operating in Manual Mode.
2)將LGA設定在手動控制模式.注LGA標定僅在單元處于手動模式下才能進行操作.
Set the calibration gas averaging time to a value ≥10 seconds (screen Setup) Performance of Zero Calibration: 1) Connect the LGA sample port to a source of zero-gas.
3)設定標定氣體平均時間≥10秒(Setup屏) 零標定操作:1)連接樣氣口至零氣源頭.
WARNING: Calibration gases are generally supplied in high-pressure
cylinders. These gases must be delivered to the analyzer in a manner that does not disrupt the analyzer’s internal flow/pressure regulating capabilities. Improper gas delivery rates will hurt the unit’s accuracy and high pressures could damage system components.
警告;標定氣體一般有高壓氣缸提供.這些氣體必須以不影響分析儀內部流量/壓力調節能力的方式運輸至分析儀.不適當的氣體運輸速度會損壞單元精度,高壓會損壞系統部件.
Check the LGA analog parameters to ensure proper unit operation (screen Analog). Particular attention must be paid to the cell pressure.
Calibrations must be performed with the LGA operating at its “normal” cell pressure.
2)檢查LGA模擬參數確保正確的單元操作(Analog屏).注意介質壓力.標定需在LGA操作處于正常介質壓力下進行.
Display screen Cal-Z and observe the “RGS Current” column. When stable, press the “Update Background” button. The LGA will copy the values in the“RGS Current” column to the “Last Trial” column.
3)顯示Cal-Z屏,觀察“RGS Current”欄.當穩定時,按下按鈕“Update Background”.LGA會將“RGS Current”內信息拷貝至“Last Trial”欄下.
If none of the values in the “Last Trial” column are greater than their
corresponding value in the “Limit” column, then the calibration is considered successful and the values in the “Last Trial” column are copied to the “Base” column.
若“Last Trial”內數值不大于其相應“Limit”欄內數值,標定被認作成功, “Last Trial”欄內數值被拷貝到“Base”欄下.
If any of the values in the “LastTrial” column are greater than their
corresponding value in the “Limit” column, then the LGA assumes that the calibration is faulty (empty cylinder, leaks, etc) and issues a warning message stating that the background calibration failed. The LGA system continues operation using the existing background data.
若“Last Trial”內數值大于其相應“Limit”欄內數值,LGA認定此標定錯誤(空氣缸,泄漏等),并發出錯誤信息指明背景標定失敗.LGA系統繼續用現存的背景數據運作.
Alternate Zero Calibration Method: When zero-gas is not available, zero-calibration can be performed by dialing the laser-alignment screws to a position where the system indicates zero (0.000) laser voltage and then proceeding with step 3 above. The laser should then be re-aligned to deliver maximum voltage.
替換零氣方法:當零氣沒有時,可通過調節laser-alignment螺絲位置(系統指定零0.000激光電壓),然后繼續上述的三步,來進行零標定.之后激光需重新調整輸送最大電壓.

7.4.2 SCREEN: CAL-Z CAL-Z屏

Screen Cal-Z is used for performing zero gas calibrations
CAL-Z屏用于控制零氣標定.

Figure 7d: Screen Cal-Z
For each gas measured, the following parameters are listed:
如下為所測氣體參數:

Reference Background Signal, RGS: These values have no function in the analyzer’s operation. They are used as baseline values for tracking changes in the background signal. The values are User configurable. The “Copy Base to Reference” button copies all base values to the reference column.
1)背景信號參考, RGS:此數據對于分析儀操作不產生作用.用于背景信號的跟蹤底線值.數值可由用戶組態. “Copy Base to Reference”按鈕會使所有基礎值拷貝到參考欄.
Auto Zero:
The buttons allow User to select which APDs have their background data
updated whenever a zero calibration is performed. In normal operations, all buttons should be selected.
2)自動調零
此按鈕允許用戶在零標定時選擇哪個APD更新他們的背景數據.一般操作會選擇所有按鈕.
RGS Current:
The values presented in this column are the current gas signals (RGS counts) produced by the gas analyzer. The background-signal values should be set equal to these values if and only if zero-gas has been flowing through the system for a sufficient length of time (stable signal).
3)當前背景信號
在此欄中顯示的數值為當前氣體信號(RGS counts),是分析儀產生的.僅在零氣為穩定信號流經系統時,背景信號值需設定為相同數值.
Limit:
The values in this column are User configurable and are employed during zero calibrations to verify that the gas flowing through the unit is truly a zero gas.
4)極限
用戶可以對在欄中的值組態,數值也可在零氣標定時用于核實流經單元的氣體為零氣.
Last Trial:
These values represent the LGA gas signals at the moment the last zero
calibration was performed. If any of these values is greater than their
corresponding value in the “limit” column, the last calibration failed and the failing signal(s) is highlighted.
5)最后嘗試
這些數值代表LGA最后零標定時的氣體信號.若任何數值大于其相應“limit”欄中的值,最后一次的標定失敗,發送失敗信號.
Base:
These values are the background-signals that are generated by the zero-gas calibration. The values are User configurable.
6)基礎
這些數值有零氣標定產生的背景信號.用戶可對其組態.
Offset:
The offset values are generally set to zero. In rare instances, where zero
calibration does not generate a “true” background signal, the offset value is set to an experimentally-determined non-zero value.
偏差
偏差數值一般設定為零.很少情況下,零標定不能產生真正的背景信號,偏差數值設定為試驗目的的非零值.
Working:
These values are the background-signals that are currently being used by the LGA in calculating gas concentrations. The working signal is equal to the base signal plus the offset signal.
8)工作
這些背景信號當用于計算氣體濃度.工作信號等于基礎信號加偏差信號.
The “Upgrade Background” button initiates a zero calibration. The button will not function unless the LGA is operating in Manual Mode.
“Upgrade Background”按鈕創建一個零標定.只在lGA處于手動模式下此按鈕發揮作用.
System status: Current operating parameters are displayed so User can verify that the unit is operating properly during the calibration period.
系統狀態:當前操作參數顯示出來,用戶可核實在零標定過程中單元參數是否被合理選用.
7.5 SPAN CALIBRATION
The span factor for a given LGA gas channel is defined as the normalized gas signal measured by that channel’s detector when exposed to a pure volume of that channel’s designated compound (100% concentration). Span calibrations should be performed on a regular basis to correct for instrument drift caused by temperature, pressure and general electronic fluctuations.
7.5 量程標定
當暴露化合物的純度值達到100%時，LGA氣體通道的量程被定義為標準化的氣體信號。由于溫度,壓力和電子移動可引起的儀表漂移，量程標定需在有規律的基礎上操作.
The LGA includes eight gas detectors; each designed to quantify a specific gas compound. Span calibration involves presenting a known concentration of each gas compound to the LGA. The compounds can be presented individually (pure gas or zero-gas diluted) or in various gas-mixture combinations. Because of reactivity issues and because span
calibrations should be performed at concentration levels greater than those to be monitored, it is unlikely that any single mixture could satisfy all eight detectors. Therefore, most span calibrations will involve presenting a series of gas mixtures to the LGA.
LGA包括八種氣體探測器,每個用來對指定氣體混合物的含量進行測量.量程標定涉及每種氣體混合氣的濃度.氣體混合物也可單獨顯示(單質氣體和稀釋零氣),或以氣體混合物的組合物方式顯示.量程標定應大于測量值，不像任合一種單混合物可以滿足所有探測器.因此,多數量程標定將涉及當前的氣體混合物。
The known span gas analyses must be entered into the LGA’s database (screen Cal-G) prior to performing any calibrations. The database can store the analyses for 24 calibration gas mixtures (8 multi-compound and 16 single-compound).
在任何標定操作進行前,所知量程氣體分析必須輸入LGA數據庫(Cal-G屏).數據庫可儲存24中標定氣體混合物(8 多混合物和16單混合物).

Figur7e: Cal-G
7.5.1 WATER VAPOR AS A SPAN GAS
This section only applies to LGA systems that include a water vapor (H2O) detector.
7.5.1作為量程氣體的水蒸氣

此部分適用于包含水蒸氣探測器的LGA系統.
Water vapor is not generally included in mixed-gas calibration cylinders because of reactivity issues. Screen Cal-H2O presents two “Moisture Calibration Worksheets” that can be used to determine the concentration of water vapor in a gas:
由于反應的問題,水蒸氣一般不包含在混合氣體標定氣缸. Cal-H2O屏顯示兩個“Moisture Calibration Worksheets”,用于計算氣體中水蒸氣的濃度:

Worksheet Version A calculates the gas moisture content for a source with“known” dew point temperature. Any gas source equipped with an accurate dew point monitor can be used to calibrate the LGA water vapor detector.
1)電子表格A版本計算氣體含水量為露點溫度.任何一種安裝了精確露點檢測器的氣源都可用于標定LGA水蒸氣探測設備.
Worksheet Version B calculates the gas moisture content for a source with“known” gas temperature and relative humidity. A typical calibration source would be room air or room air drawn through a water-bubbler (~100% RH).
2)電子表格版本B計算氣體含水量為氣體溫度和相關濕度.典型的標定源為室內內空氣或從water-bubbler(~100% RH)吸取的室內空氣.
Screen Cal-H2O can be accessed from screens Cal-G and Cal-S. In addition to the moisture calibration worksheets, the screen also shows how the LGA program converts measured water vapor concentration (% volume) into its corresponding dew point temperature.
可通過Cal-G and Cal-S.屏進入Cal-H2O屏.除了濕度標定電子表格,屏幕也顯示了LGA程序如何將測得水蒸氣濃度(% volume)轉換成相關的露點溫度.
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        Figure 7f:Screen Cal-H2O
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7.5.2 SPAN CALIBRATION PROCEDURE 量程標定步驟
Note: Zero-gas calibration should be performed just prior to any span calibration. LGA span calibration uses, but does not alter, the detector linearization and cross-talk factors.
注:在進行任何量程標定前,需進行零氣標定.LGA量程標定使用探測器線性和對話因素.
Span calibrations are performed using the following screens:
量程標定操作使用如下屏:

Cal-G: List of Span Calibration Gases
Cal-S: Span Calibration Performance
Cal-SR: Span Calibrations Results
Cal-G: 量程標定氣體列表
Cal-S: 量程標定操作
Cal-SR: 量程標定結果

Preparations for Span Calibration:量程標定準備

Calibrations should be performed with the unit installed and operating in its normal environment or, if not possible, in a temperature-controlled, draft-free area. The unit should be warmed up at least 1 hour prior to the calibration.
標定需在單元已安裝和正常環境下進行操作,若不能夠,在可調節溫度環境下進行.在標定前,需對單元加熱至少一個小時.
Place the LGA in Manual Control Mode. Note: LGA calibrations can only be performed when the unit is operating in Manual Mode.
2)將LGA設定在手動控制模式.注LGA標定僅在單元處于手動模式下才能進行操作.
Set the calibration gas averaging time to a value ≥10 seconds (screen Setup)
3)設定標定氣體平均時間≥10秒(Setup屏)
If starting a new series of span calibrations, press the “Reset Span Calib” button(screen Cal-S) to initialize the span calibration results table.
4)若啟動新量程標定,按下“Reset Span Calib”按鈕初始化量程標定結果表格.
Span calibrations can be performed using any or all of the 24 mixtures included in the LGA database (screen Cal-G). The following procedure must be repeated for each gas mixture that is included in the LGA span calibration:
量程標定可用LGA數據庫中(Cal-G屏)中24種混合氣或其中一種進行操作.如下步驟對于LGA量程標定所包含的所有氣體重復此步驟:
Connect the LGA sample port to the source of calibration gas.
零標定操作:1)連接樣氣口至零氣源頭.

警告;標定氣體一般有高壓氣缸提供.這些氣體必須以不影響分析儀內部流量/壓力調節能力的方式運輸至分析儀.不適當的氣體運輸速度會損壞單元精度,高壓會損壞系統部件.

Check the LGA analog parameters to ensure proper unit operation (screen Analog). Particular attention must be paid to the cell pressure.
Calibrations must be performed with the LGA operating at its “normal” cell pressure.
2)檢查LGA模擬參數確保正確的單元操作(Analog屏).注意介質壓力.標定需在LGA操作處于正常介質壓力下進行.
Display screen Cal-S and select the “Calibration Type” and “Calibration Gas” buttons that represent the calibration gas being feed to the LGA. Check that the displayed calibration gas analysis is correct.
4)顯示Cal-S屏,選擇“Calibration Type” and “Calibration Gas”按鈕,代表正供給LGA的標氣.檢查顯示的標氣分析,確保正確.
Observe the current gas signal (XCS). When stable, press the “Calib Now” button. The LGA will acquire signal data, calculate new span factors and add these factors to the results table. The results table “average” span factors will be copied to the LGA’s working calibration factors. The results of the calibration can be viewed on screen Cal-SR.
Span Calibration Failures:
5)觀察當前氣體信號(XCS).穩定后,按下“Calib Now”按鈕.LGA需要信號數據,計算新量程因素,將這些因素添加到結果表格中.結果表格中的平均量程因素將被拷貝到:LGA的工作標定因素.標定的結果將顯示在Cal-SR.屏上.
量程標定失敗情況:
If any analog parameter is in fault status (screen Analog) during calibration, the calibration is not performed and the LGA issues a warning message stating that the calibration was skipped.
1)標定過程中任何模擬參數處于錯誤狀態,標定操作停止,LGA發送警告信息通告標定省略.
Screen Cal-SR includes a “Span Validation Test” value and a list of “Standard Span Factors”. For any calibration; if any detectors calculated span factor differs from its standard span factor by more that the validation test value, then the calibration is considered faulty (empty cylinder, leaks, etc). The calibration is rejected and the LGA issues a warning message stating that the calibration failed.
Cal-SR屏包括“Span Validation Test”值和 “Standard Span Factors”列表.任何一次標定,若探測器計算量程因素不同于標準量程因素,則標定失敗(空氣缸,泄漏等).標定被駁回,LGA發出警告信息通知標定失敗.
7.5.3 SCREEN: CAL-S CAL-S屏
Span gas related manual-calibrations are performed from this screen. Because of the variety of calibration options that this screen presents, User must use great diligence to ensure that the gas supplied to the analyzer, the type of calibration desired and the selected calibration gas analysis are correct. This screen does not include any “un-do” features.
Mistakes will require re-calibration and/or manually re-entering previous data.
和手動標定相關的量程氣體通過此屏操作.由于此屏顯示多種標定選擇,用戶需確保供應給分析儀的氣體,所需標定類型和選定標氣分析是正確的.此屏不包含任何“un-do”特點.出現錯誤需重新標定,或者手動輸入先前數據.

Figure 7g: Screen Cal-S
The Current Operating Data & Calib Gas block includes columns for the following data items:
當前操作數據和標氣模塊包括如下數據欄:

Gas: Gas Number, 1 through 8
Gas:氣體序號,1到8
Linear Factor: Linearization parameter (section 9.1.6)
Linear Factor:線性化參數(9.1.6部分)
Span Factor: The signal (NGS) generated by the gas detector when exposed to a100% concentration of its defined gas.
Span Factor:當遇到100%濃度氣體時,氣體探測器產生的信號(NGS)
NGS: Normalized Gas Signal: Current data, signal generated by gas detectors.
NGS: Normalized Gas Signal(標準化的氣體信號):當前數據,氣體探測器產生的信號.
XCS: Crosstalk Corrected Signal: Current data, signal generated by gas detectors.
XCS: Crosstalk Corrected Signal:當前數據,氣體探測氣產生的信號
LGA Gas Analysis, % Vol: Current data, measured gas concentration, % volume
LGA Gas Analysis, % Vol:當前數據,測得氣體濃度% volume
Gas: Gas Formula
Gas:氣體方程式
Calib Gas Analysis, % Vol: Concentration (% volume) of each compound in the currently selected calibration gas mixture. The displayed gas analysis is a portion of the LGA’s calibration-gas table (screen Cal-G) and the values are User configurable. Changing analyses values on this screen also changes the corresponding values on screen Cal-G.
Calib Gas Analysis, % Vol:當前選定的標氣混合氣體中每種化合物的濃度(% volume).顯示的氣體分析是LGA標氣表格(Cal-G屏)的一部分,且數值可由用戶組態.在此屏上更改分析數據,相應的在Cal-G屏上的數據也得到修改.
Gases 9 through 16 are carrier/missing gases.
氣體9到16是運送/缺省氣體.
The System Status section displays current operating parameters so User can verify that the unit is operating properly during the calibration period.
系統狀況部分顯示當前操作參數,所以用戶可以核實在標定時期操作是否合理.
Calibration Type and Calibration Gas Selection: A given calibration action is defined by the selected calibration type and the selected gas compound(s). Screen Cal-S is used for the following four types of calibration.
標氣類型和標氣選擇:給定的標定操作由選定的標定類型和選定的氣體混合物判定. Cal-S屏用于如下四種類型標定操作;
Mixed Gas Span (Span Calibration of Multiple Detectors Using a Mixed Gas): The calibration gas selector will include a button for each of the eight span gas mixtures included in the system database (screen Cal-G). The selected calibration mixture is displayed in the “Calib Gas Analysis” column. When executed, this calibration type modifies the span factors for all active (non-zero) calibration gases.
Mixed Gas Span (Span Calibration of Multiple Detectors Using a Mixed Gas)混合氣量程(用混合氣體進行的多探測器的量程標定):標氣選擇器包含一個操作八種量程氣體混合物的按鈕,在Cal-G上.選定的標定混合物顯示在“Calib Gas Analysis”欄下.當生效時,標定類型為所有有效標氣(非零)修改量程因素.
Pure Gas Span (Span Calibration of a Single Detector Using a Pure Gas): The calibration gas selector will include a button for each of the eight pure gas mixtures included in the system database (screen Cal-G). The selected calibration mixture is displayed in the “Calib Gas Analysis” column. When executed, this calibration type modifies the span factor for single active (nonzero) calibration gas.
Pure Gas Span (Span Calibration of a Single Detector Using a Pure Gas)(單探測器運用純氣體進行的量程標定):標氣探測器包含一個操作八種純氣體混合物的按鈕,在Cal-G上.選定的標氣混合物顯示在“Calib Gas Analysis”欄下. 當生效時,標定類型為單個有效標氣(非零)修改量程因素.
Single Gas Tweak (Span Tweaking of a Single Detector): The calibration gas selector will include a button for each of the eight pure gas mixtures included in the system database (screen Cal-G). Tweaking is an informal calibration that can be used when User “knows” what a given compound’s concentration should be, but doesn’t have the appropriate calibration gas available. When tweaking is selected, the “Calib Gas Analysis” is the same as the “LGA Gas Analysis” except for the one selected gas that will be calibrated. When executed, this calibration type modifies the span factor for selected compound.
Single Gas Tweak (Span Tweaking of a Single Detector): 標氣探測器包含一個操作八種純氣體混合物的按鈕,在Cal-G上. Tweaking是一個非正式的標定,在用戶知道給定混合物氣體濃度,但無合適標氣時使用.當選定Tweaking, “Calib Gas Analysis” 等同于 “LGA Gas Analysis” .當生效時,標定類型對選定混合物進行量程因素的修改.
Pure Gas Xtalk (Cross-Talk Factor Update using Pure Gases): The calibration gas selector will include a button for each of the eight pure gas mixtures and each of the eight carrier gas compounds included in the system database (screen Cal-G). When executed, this “Xtalk” calibration type modifies the cross-talk elimination table so that every gas detector, except the selected one, will have a XCS value of zero.
Pure Gas Xtalk (Cross-Talk Factor Update using Pure Gases):標氣選擇器包括控制八種純氣體混合物和八種運送氣體混合物的按鈕,在Cal-G上. 當生效時, “Xtalk”標定類型修改cross-talk elimination table,因此所有氣體探測器,除去被選定的, XCS值都是零.
Note: the gas-selection buttons only inform the LGA which gas is being
supplied. They do not physically change any gas connections. User is
responsible for ensuring that the selected gas is delivered to the active sampling port.
注:氣體選擇按鈕僅通知LGA正在供應的氣體.物理上來講,他不會更改氣體濃度.用戶有責任確保選定氣體運送到有效采樣口.
The Calibration Action block includes the following three buttons that only function when the LGA system is operating in Manual Mode:
Calibration Action模塊包括如下三個按鈕,僅在LGA處于手動模式時生效:
“Reset Results”: This button initializes (sets all values to zero) the span calibration results table (screen Cal-SR). The table should be initialized prior to starting a new series of span calibrations. The button is “grayed-out” whenever the results table is in an initialized state. Note that the button only functions when the LGA is operating in Manual Mode.
“Reset Results”:此按鈕控制標定結果表格(screen Cal-SR) 的初始化. 在新系列跨度標定開始前,需初始化表格.當結果表格處于初始化狀態,按鈕呈現“grayed-out”灰色突出狀態.注:僅當LGA處于手動操作時,按鈕發揮作用.
“Calib Now”: This button initiates a calibration action. For calibration types 1, 2 and 3, it instructs the LGA to calculate new span factors, insert these factors into the span calibration results table (screen Cal- SR) and copy the “average” span factors to the LGA’s working span factors. For calibration type 4, it instructs the LGA to calculate new cross-talk factors and insert them into Working Calibration Table X (screen Cal-W).
“Calib Now”:此按鈕啟動標定操作.對于標定類型1,2和3,他指示LGA計算新的量程因素,將這些因素插入量程標定結果表格(Cal- SR屏),并將平均量程因素拷貝到LGA工作量程因素中.對于標定類型4,按鈕指示LGA計算新的cross-talk因素,且將他們插入到工作標定表格X (Cal-W屏).
“Span Results”: This button displays the span calibration results table (screen Cal-SR). Screen Cal-S also includes a button for accessing the LGA’s working calibration data on screen Cal-W, which is shown in section 7.6.
“Span Results”:此按鈕顯示量程標定結果表格(Cal-SR屏). Cal-SR屏有按鈕操作LGA 在Cal-W屏上的工作標定數據,詳情見7.6部分.
7.5.4 SCREEN: CAL-SR CAL-SR屏
Screen Cal-SR presents the results of the LGA span-gas calibrations. The results are based on analyzer data acquired during each span calibration and the calibration gas analyses displayed on screen Cal-G.
CAL-SR屏顯示LGA量程標定結果,是分析儀進行量程分析所需的分析數據.標定氣體分析會顯示在Cal-G上.

Figure 7h: Screen Cal-SR

The results table presents the span factors calculated for each detector for each of the 24 possible calibration gas mixtures (screen Cal-G). A span factor of zero indicates that no span factor was calculated and a negative span factor indicates that a span factor was calculated and rejected (Span Validation Test). When a detector has more than one ”greater-than-zero” span factor, an “average” span factor is calculated using the User selected method.
結果表格顯示量程因素,用于計算每個探測器遇到的24種可能標定氣體的混合物(Cal-G).量程因素為零表示沒有量程因素被計算,拒絕量程有效測試(Span Validation Test) .當探測器有多于一個的大于零的量程因素,平均量程因素被計算用于用戶選定的模式.
In a perfect world, all span factors for a given compound would be equal. However, real world measurement parameters (linearization, cross-talk, calibration gas quality, etc.) can lead to variability in a compound’s span factors. In general, a span factor based on a high calibration gas concentration will better serve the whole 0 to 100% range than a span factor based on a low calibration gas concentration. The calculation-method option allows User to fine-tune each compound’s calibration based on the specific calibration gas mixtures being used and the concentration range of interest. If a given compound is only present in one of the span gas mixtures, the selected method is of no consequence, as all methods will produce the same result. Consider the following guidelines when a given compound is present in more than one span gas mixture:
理想情況下,所有量程因素應該是相等的.然而,顯示測量參數(線性化, cross-talk,標定氣體質量等)可能導致混合物量程因素的變異性.一般,基于高濃度標氣基礎上的量程因素比基于低濃度標氣基礎上的量程因素更好的服務于0到100%的范圍… calculation-method 選項允許用戶對混合物標定進行微調.給定混合物僅顯示為量程氣體混合物中,所有方法將產生相同結果.當給定混合物顯示多于一種量程氣體混合物,考慮到如下指導:

Use the “maximum” or “weighted” method when concerned about the
whole 0 to 100 % range.
1)涉及整體0到100%范圍是使用“maximum” or “weighted” method.
Use “average” or “weighted” method when the various span gas mixtures contain similar concentrations of the given compound.
2)當多種量程氣體混合物包含相近濃度給定混合物時.,使用“average” or “weighted” method.
Use “maximum” method when only concerned about high concentrations and the span gas mixtures vary in the given compound’s concentration.
3)當僅涉及高濃度和量程氣體混合物在給定混合物濃度改變時,使用“maximum” method.
Use “minimum” method when only concerned about low concentrations and the span gas mixtures vary in the given compound’s concentration.
當僅考慮低濃度和量程氣體混合在給定混合物濃度改變時,使用“minimum” method.
The “Span Validation Test” block allows User to set a deviation limit to test for calibration acceptance. When the calibration data for each mixture is evaluated, the resulting span factors are considered acceptable only if they are within the specified percentage of the reference span factor. If any of the span factors for a given mixture are out of acceptance, the LGA assumes that the calibration is faulty (empty cylinder, leaks, etc). A failed calibration message is issued and all span factors for that mixture are made negative to indicate failure and to avoid using these values in calculating the overall “average”. If the deviation limit is set to zero, the acceptance test is ignored and all span factors will be considered acceptable.
“Span Validation Test”模塊允許用戶設定誤差限定來測試標定驗收.當對每個混合物標定數據估計,量程因素僅在規定參考量程因素范圍內認定為合格.若任何給定混合物量程因素超出驗收,LGA認定標定錯誤(空氣缸,泄漏等).發出標定失敗信息.量程因素顯示為負值來指示失敗,來避免使用這些數值進行計算平均值“average”.若誤差限定設置為零,則忽略驗收測試,所有量程因素被認定合格.

7.6 WORKING GAS CALIBRATION TABLES 工作氣體標定表格
Screen Cal-W presents a summary of the LGA’s current (working) calibration data.
Cal-W屏顯示LGA現行標定數據摘要.

Figure 7i: Screen Cal-W
7.7 FLOW METER CALIBRATION 流量計標定
The LGA is designed to operate at a nominal flow rate of 250 ml/min. Sample gas flow rate calibrations are performed via Screen Cal-FP.
LGA操作的正常流量為250 ml/min.樣氣流量標定在Cal-FP上操作.
The LGA’s internal flow detector (pressure-drop across loop) uses a five-point calibration curve to determine the system flow rate. The procedure for obtaining the data points requires that the sample line include a mass-type (ball-in-tube) flow meter upstream of the LGA. Typical calibration points would be at 0, 40, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ml/min.
LGA內部流量探測器(pressure-drop across loop)使用五點標定曲線來判定系統流速.獲得數據點需樣氣線包含多種mass-type (ball-in-tube)流量器上行數據流.一般標定點為0, 40, 100, 200, 400和800 ml/min.

The data points are obtained by adjusting the system flow rate to a fixed value (ml/min), recording the corresponding analog signal (counts), and entering both values into the calibration data table.
通過調整系統流速到確定值獲得數據點,記錄相應模擬信號(counts),輸入這兩種數值到標定數據表格.

Figure 7j: Screen Cal-FP
The LGA system measures sample gas flow rate with a mass-flow-rate sensor and uses the sample gas molecular weight (derived from the gas analysis) to convert the measured massflow into the system- required volumetric-flow. If the gas analysis is wrong or incomplete, the calculated volumetric-flow-rate will be wrong.
LGA系統用mass-flow-rate傳感器測量樣氣流速,使用樣氣分子重量(從氣體分析中產生)將測得massflow轉換為系統需要的容量流量.若氣體分析錯誤或不完整,則計算出的容積流量也是錯誤的.
Depending on which compounds the LGA detects and which compounds are present in the sample gas, the LGA may or may not know the “complete” gas analysis. The Carrier Gas Table on screen Setup (section 6.2.5) allows User to specify known carrier gas factors. Appropriate values should be entered if the LGA measured compounds represent a small fraction of the total gas present.
根據LGA檢測的氣體和樣氣中顯示的混合物,LGA可能也可能不知道完整的氣體分析. Setup屏上的運送氣體表允許用戶規定所知的運送氣體因素.若LGA測得混合氣占所有顯示氣體的值很小,需輸入合適的數值.
Screen Cal-FP also allows User to set limits on the gas analysis total concentration. If the analysis is outside these limits, the analyzer assumes that it has not been calibrated and the default molecular weight is used in calculating the volumetric-flow-rate.
Cal-FP屏允許用戶設定氣體分析總濃度限定.若分析超出這些限制，分析儀認定他還沒被標定,缺省分子重量用在計算容量流速.
7.8 CELL PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT 介質壓力調節
Calibration of the LGA’s cell pressure sensor is described in section 9.8.1.
LGA介質壓力傳感器標定詳見9.8.1部分.
For optimal performance of the optics-protection air dam system, the cell operating pressure must be set to 106 mm Hg (14.1 kPa) below local atmospheric pressure.
對于光學器件保護氣體統的最佳操作,介質操作壓力必須設定在106 mm Hg (14.1 kPa),低于當地大氣壓力.
Cell pressure adjustment is performed from the “Cell Pressure” block on screen Cal-FP.
介質壓力調整通過Cal-FP. 屏上“Cell Pressure”模塊操作.
Cell pressure can only be adjusted when the sample pump is running.
Pressure adjustment can be performed in two ways:
當樣氣泵運轉介質壓力才能被調節.可通過如下兩種方式控制壓力調節:

Auto-Sampling Mode: if Sample Mode Auto-Adjust is enabled, the LGA will continuously check the cell pressure and adjust it as necessary. Note: cell adjustment will only be performed when the Mode Timer > 60 seconds.
1)自動采樣模式:若啟動自動調節模式,LGA將持續檢測介質壓力并按要求調節.注:介質調節需在模式時間(Mode Timer) > 60秒的狀態下操作.
Manual Control Mode: Pressing the “Manual Mode Auto Adjust” button will initiate a pressure adjustment.
2)手動控制模式:按下“Manual Mode Auto Adjust”按鈕會啟動壓力調節.
When instructed to do a pressure adjustment, the LGA changes the pump speed in a manner that moves the “current” operating pressure towards the “standard” operating pressure. The pressure can be adjusted in increments of roughly 5 mm Hg. (0.67 kPa) per adjustment step.
當指示操作壓力調節時,LGA通過移動“current”操作壓力至“standard”操作壓力來更改泵速度.每步調整會增加大約5 mm Hg. (0.67 kPa)的壓力.
Warning: Altering the cell operating pressure will alter the system calibration. The selected cell pressure must be determined and set prior to gas system calibration.
警告:更改介質操作壓力會改變系統標定.選定介質壓力需在氣體系統標定前確定和設定.
7.9 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE 大氣壓力
The LGA uses the local atmospheric pressure in some of its calculations. The measured pressure and acceptance limits are configured on Screen Cal-FP.
LGA在一些標定中運用當地大氣壓力.測得壓力和驗收限定在Cal-FP屏上進行操作.
The local atmospheric pressure is updated each time the system runs barometer mode(sections 6.1.4 & 6.2.2). If the system measures a pressure outside of the User configurable limits, the value will be rejected and a warning message will be issued. The working atmospheric pressure value is User configurable so that a fixed value can be set if User chooses not to include pressure updates (section 6.2.2) in the sampling schedule.
每當系統運行流量計模式時(6.1.4 & 6.2.2部分),都會更新當地大氣壓力.若系統測量壓力在用戶可組態限定之外,則此值將被拒絕,且發出警告信息.工作氣壓值是可組態的,所以,若用戶的選擇,在樣氣目錄里不包括壓力更新(6.2.2部分)用戶可設定固定值.
8 LGA DIAGNOSTICS LGA診斷
The LGA continually monitors itself for operational and performance problems. System status and warning messages are displayed on the Main screen. This chapter describes the system’s diagnostic information.
LGA持續檢測自身的操作和運行故障.系統狀態和警告信息顯示在Main屏上.本章描述系統的診斷信息.
8.1 CALCULATION OF GAS CONCENTRATION 氣體濃度的計算
Screen GasCalc presents the LGA gas signals and the intermediary steps performed in transforming the raw signals to the measured gas concentrations.
GasCalc顯示了LGA氣體信號和采用的中間步驟,將未處理信號轉換為測得的氣體濃度.

Figure 8a: Screen GasCalc
The LGA collects the gas signal in 50 millisecond time intervals. Gas concentrations are calculated for two intervals:
每50毫秒,LGA收集一次氣體信號.氣體濃度在兩個間隔內被計算.

One-Second Gas Concentrations: Twenty (20) consecutive 50-millisecond readings are averaged to obtain the 1-second data (raw gas signal, laser voltage and cell pressure). Note: because of the control programs fixed 17 millisecond scan interval, the time for the 20 readings is slightly longer than 1 second; typically 1.02 seconds.
一秒氣體濃度(One-Second Gas Concentrations):對20個連續的50毫秒讀取的平均值，獲取一個一秒數據(未處理氣體信號,激光電壓和介質壓力).注:因為控制程序設定為17毫秒的掃描間隔,20次的讀取比一秒中會稍長一些,一般為1.02秒.
X-Second Gas Concentrations: X = Users specified averaging period = 1-60 seconds. Data (raw gas signal, laser voltage and cell pressure) for calculating these concentrations are obtained by averaging the last X number of 1-second data values.
x秒氣體濃度(X-Second Gas Concentrations):x=用戶指定的平均周期=1-60秒.用于計算這些濃度的數據(未定氣體信號,激光電壓和介質壓力),通過用x平均最后一秒數據值獲得.
LGA gas concentrations are calculated via the following steps:
LGA氣體濃度通過如下步驟計算:
RGS: Raw-Gas-Signal, counts.
RGS[i] = signal obtained by APD[i]; i = 1 to 8
LGS: Linear-Gas-Signal, counts:
LGS[i] = RGS[i] / ( 1.0 – LF[i] * RGS[i] )
where: LF[i] = linearization factor for APD[i]
LBS: Linear-Background-Signal, counts (zero-gas calibration data):
LBS[i] = linear signal from APD[i] when sampling pure argon
NLS: Net-Linear-Signal, counts:
NLS[i] = LGS[i] – LBS[i]
NGS: Normalized-Gas-Signal, counts:
NGS[i] = NLS[i] * (SLV / MLV) * (SCP / MCP)
where: SLV = standard laser voltage
MLV = measured laser voltage
SCP = standard cell pressure
MCP = measured cell pressure
XCS: Cross-Talk-Corrected-Signal, counts:
XCS[i] = signal obtained by APD[i] do to presence of Gas[i]
GC: Gas Concentration, % volume:
GC[i] = 100 * XCS[i] / SF[i]
where: SF[i] = span factor for APD[i]
RGS: Raw-Gas-Signal, counts.未處理氣體信號,數量.
RGS[i] = signal 通過APD[i]; i = 1 to 8獲取
LGS: Linear-Gas-Signal, counts:線性氣體信號,計算.
LGS[i] = RGS[i] / ( 1.0 – LF[i] * RGS[i] )
where: LF[i] = APD[i]的線性因素
LBS: Linear-Background-Signal, counts (zero-gas calibration data):線性背景信號,計算(零氣標定數據)
LBS[i] =當采取純凈氬氣時來自APD[i]線性信號
NLS: Net-Linear-Signal, counts:純線性信號,計算:
NLS[i] = LGS[i] – LBS[i]
NGS: Normalized-Gas-Signal, counts:正常化氣體信號,計算
NGS[i] = NLS[i] * (SLV / MLV) * (SCP / MCP)
where: SLV = 標準激光電壓
MLV = 測得激光電壓
SCP = 標準介質壓力
MCP = 測得介質壓力
XCS: Cross-Talk-Corrected-Signal, counts: 對話更正信號,計算
XCS[i] =通過 APD[i] do獲取的當前氣體信號
GC: Gas Concentration, % volume: 氣體濃度, % volume
GC[i] = 100 * XCS[i] / SF[i]
where: SF[i] = APD[i]量程因素
8.2 SCREEN: ANALOG ANALOG屏
The LGA has 16 analog input channels that provide status data about the analytical system hardware. The Analog screen presents the data for each channel along with User configurable warning and fault alarm limits. The analog parameters are listed by functional groups rather than channel numerical order:
LGA有16個模擬輸入通道,為分析儀提供狀態數據. ANALOG屏顯示每個通道數據和用戶可組態的警告和錯誤報警限制.模擬參數由功能組列出.
The LGA software issues status messages based on the alarm limits set on this screen. The limits are User configurable, but they should be set to alarm whenever any individual parameter is operating outside of its standard range. For each analog parameter:
LGA軟件發出基于警告限制的狀態信息,可在屏上設定.限定可由用戶組態,這些限定需設置為:當任何參數操作超出標準范圍時報警.對于任何一個模擬參數:
A warning condition exists if the current analog value is greater than the warning-high set point or less than the warning-low set point.
1)若當前模擬值高于警告最高設定或低于警告最低設定,則警告狀況存在.
A fault condition exists if the current analog value is greater than the fault-high set point or less than the fault-low set point.
2)若當前模擬值高于錯誤最高限定值或利于錯誤最低限定值時,則錯誤狀況存在.
NOTE: Analog fault-alarm set points are used to qualify the LGA gas analyses. The LGA system assumes that its current gas analysis is invalid if any analog fault condition exists.
注:模擬錯誤警報設定點用于限定LGA氣體分析.若任何模擬錯誤狀況存在,LGA系統認定當前氣體分析為無效.

Figure 8b: Screen Analog
Analog warning and fault codes are logged with the gas analysis data. Each code represents the state of the 16 analog parameters. Screen AnalogX is an interpreter of these codes.
模擬警告和錯誤代碼均用氣體分析數據記錄.每種代碼代表16個模擬參數的狀態. AnalogX屏對代碼作出解釋.

Figure 8c: Screen AnalogX
8.3 SCREEN: ALIGN
Screen Align displays the current analog parameters in a format optimized for use in aligning the laser optics. The laser voltage or signal can be displayed in large characters to facilitate viewing from possible odd angles and long distances.
8.3 屏幕：調整
ALIGN屏顯示當前模擬參數,用于定位激光器件.激光電壓或信號可用大號字體顯示,以便從不同角度和距離查看.

                  Figure 8d: Screen Align

8.4 LGA INTERFACE BOARD I/O LGA界面板I/O
Screen IO-LGA presents the status of all input/output devices associated with the LGA computer interface board.
IO-LGA屏顯示所有相關LGA計算機操作面板的輸入/輸出設備的狀態.
The screen is divided into the following six information blocks:
屏幕分為如下6個信息模塊:

Digital Outputs
Analog Inputs
Counters
Digital Inputs & Keypad Value
Dead Man Timer
IO Board Status
1)數據輸出
模擬輸入
計數器
數據輸入和小鍵盤數值
Dead Man Timer
IO狀態

Figure 8e: Screen IO-LGA
The Dead Man Timer (DMT) is a hardware device located on the LGA interface board. Its purpose is to reboot the computer if the LGA program or the Windows operating system should lock up. The Dead Man Timer block contains a button that lets the user enable/disable the DMT.
The Dead Man Timer (DMT)是位于LGA幾面板上的硬件設備.目的是當LGA程序或Windows操作系統鎖死時,重啟計算機. The Dead Man Timer模塊包含一個是用戶操控啟動/關閉DMT的按鈕.

When the DMT button is on, the LGA program turns on the DMT Enable (digital output16) ands the DMT Bit (digital output 7) twice per second. If the DMT Bit is not toggled at least once per second, a reboot is performed.
當DMT按鈕開啟,LGA程序運行DMT啟動(數碼輸出16),和DMT BIT(數碼輸出7),每秒兩次.若DMT BIT在一秒中內沒有啟動,則執行重啟.
WARNING: If the LGA program is stopped with the DMT button ON, the system will reboot. The user can disable the DMT function by turning the DMT button OFF.
警告:若DMT處于開啟狀態,LGA程序停止,系統會重啟.用戶可以通過將按鈕調至OFF,關閉DMT.
All status values in the “LGA 400 Board Status” block should display a value of 021. Contact ARI Technical Support if any other values are displayed.
所有“LGA 400 Board Status”模塊中的狀態值都需顯示021.若顯示其它數值,請聯系ARI的技術支持.
8.5 STANDBY MODE 準備模式
Screen Standby lists the conditions that trigger Standby Mode, a “parking place” that the system uses whenever a major fault condition exists. The system goes into Standby Mode whenever any of the listed conditions are true.
準備模式屏列出了啟動準備模式的所有情況.每當主要錯誤狀況存在,系統會啟用“parking place”.當任何一種所列情況屬實,系統會進入等待模式.

Figure 8f: Screen Standby
9 LGA: LASER GAS ANALYZER 激光氣體分析儀
This chapter describes the Laser Gas Analyzer and various service routines related to its operation.
本章描述了激光氣體分析儀及與其操作相關的多種服務程序.
9.1 DESCRIPTION & SPECIFICATIONS描述及說明
The Laser Gas Analyzer (LGA) is a self-contained gas sampler/analyzer that uses the principles of Raman spectroscopy to simultaneously identify and quantify eight gaseous compounds. The unit’s internal vacuum pump continuously extracts sample gas from the source and passes it through the unit’s laser-gas cell. Compound concentrations are determined by analysis of the scattered-light produced by interaction between the unit’s laser beam and the molecular compounds within the sample.
LGA自帶氣體采樣和分析設備,運用拉曼光譜原理同時鑒別和測量八種氣體混合物.單元的內部真空泵不斷的從氣源抽取樣氣,將氣傳送給單元激光氣體介質.通過單元的激光束和分子樣氣混合物相互作用產生的散射光來判定氣體混合物的濃度.

Figure 9a: Laser Gas Analyzer (LGA)
9.1.1 ANALYZER’S FRONT PANEL 分析儀的前面板
The analyzer’s front panel contains the sample inlet port and the analyzer exhaust port.
分析儀的前控制面板包含樣氣入口和分析儀排氣口.

Figure 9b: Typical Front Panel
9.1.2 ANALYZER’S BACK PANEL分析儀的背面板
The analyzer’s back panel contains the following items:
分析一的背面板包括如下部件:

AC power input module (power cord receptacle, power on/off switch, and fuses).
1)AC電源輸入模式(電源卡,電源開關和保險).
All computer connections. This typically includes video, network, serial, parallel and USB ports, keyboard and mouse.
2)所有計算機連接;主要包括視頻,網絡,串聯或并聯、USB接口,鍵盤和鼠標.
Auxiliary cooling fan assembly.
輔助冷風扇
Inlet air filter.
4)進氣過濾器
Optics-gas connector.
5)光學器件-氣體連接器
Connector for ARI’s air conditioner controller cable (optional).
6)ARI氣體溫度調節器控制電纜(可選)連接器

Figure 9c: Typical Back Panel
9.1.3 ANALYZER’S FLOW SCHEMATIC 分析儀流量圖解
A flow schematic of the analyzer’s internal plumbing is presented below.
分析儀內部管道流量圖解如下所示;

9.1.4 ANALYZER SPECIFICATIONS 分析儀說明
All specifications are nominal and subject to change without notice. All performance specifications assume a properly calibrated, operational unit.
所有說明只是了解.所有程序說明采取適當標定，對可操作的單元.
Physical Specifications
物理規格
Dimensions and Weight: 體積和重量
Size: 9.7” x 14” x 20.7” (246 mm x 356 mm x 526 mm)
Weight: 50 pounds nominal (23 kg nominal)
尺碼: 9.7” x 14” x 20.7” (246 mm x 356 mm x 526 mm)
重量: 50 pounds nominal (23 kg nominal)
Power Requirements:電源規格
Power: less than 300 Watts
Voltage 100, 120, or 220 VAC (± 10%)
Frequency: 60 or 50 Hertz
Leakage current: less than 100 micro-Amps
電源: 低于 300 W
電壓:100, 120, or 220 VAC (± 10%)
頻率: 60 or 50 Hz
泄漏電流: 低于 100 mA

Environmental Requirements:環境要求
Operating:操作
Altitude: Up to 6000 feet (1830 meters)
Temperature: 63° to 90°F (17° to 32°C)
Relative Humidity: 10 to 75%, non-condensing.
海拔高度: 達到 6000英尺 (1830米)
溫度: 63° to 90°F (17° to 32°C)
相對濕度: 10 to 75%, non-condensing.

Transport and Storage:運輸和存儲
Altitude: Up to 50,000 feet (15,250 meters)
Temperature: 14° to 122°F (–10° to 50°C)
Relative Humidity: 10 to 95%, non-condensing
海拔高度: 達到 50,000英尺 (15,250米)
溫度: 14° to 122°F (–10° to 50°C)
相對濕度: 10 to 95%, non-condensing

Laser Specifications 激光規格
Laser Product: Class I
Laser: Class IIIa
Laser Type: Helium-Neon (HeNe)
Maximum Power: less than 0.0025 Watts
Divergence: 0.002 radians
Laser Product: Class I
Laser: Class IIIa
Laser Type: Helium-Neon (HeNe)
最大電源: 低于 0.0025 W
偏差: 0.002 radians

Performance Specifications 操作說明
Analytical Method: Raman-scattering spectroscopy
using an air-cooled helium-neon laser
Gases detected: 8 (compound list is model dependent)
Scale range: typically 0 to 100 percent by volume
Accuracy: typically < 0.25 % full scale
Sample flow rate: nominal 250 ml/minute (pressure controlled)
Response time: < 500 milliseconds (10–90% rise time)
Warm-up time: < 10 minutes from cold boot
分析方法:拉曼散射光譜原理
使用 air-cooled氦-氖激光
探測氣體: 8 (compound list is model dependent)
范圍:一般0 到 100 % volume
精確度:一般 < 0.25 % 滿刻度l
樣氣流速: 正常250 ml/minute (控制壓力)
反饋時間: < 500 milliseconds (10–90% rise time)
預熱時間: < 10 minutes from cold boot

9.1.5 RAMAN THEORY 拉曼原理
C.V. Raman discovered the light-scattering principle that bears his name in 1928.
C.V. Raman于1928發現光散射原理,拉曼激光原理由此得名.
Raman spectroscopy is a versatile method of molecular analysis based on the observed change in energy level when light is scattered by molecular collision. When a photon (from the laser) strikes a molecule (in the gas sample), the photon will exhibit one of the following outcomes that are listed in order of highest-to-lowest probability:
拉曼光譜是一種多功能的分子分析方式,基于當分子碰撞產生光折射時所觀測到的能量水平.當激光光子碰觸到樣氣分子,光子會展示如下結果,以最高至最低的可能性列出.

The photon’s energy remains unchanged (Rayleigh scattering) Since nothing changes, this is not very useful as a detection principle.
1)若無任何更改,光子能量保持不變(Rayleigh scattering).,作為探測原則不是很有用.
The photon loses energy (Stokes Raman scattering) resulting in a lower frequency and longer wavelength. Generally requires that the molecule is in its base state.
2)光子丟失能量(Stokes Raman scattering)導致低頻和長波.一般分子處于基礎狀態時如此.
The photon gains energy (Anti-Stokes Raman scattering) resulting in a higher frequency and shorter wavelength. Generally requires that the molecule is in an excited state.
3)分子獲得能量(Anti-Stokes Raman scattering)導致高頻和短波.一般分子活躍狀態時如此.

Outcomes 2 and 3 both describe phenomena that are potentially useful for molecular species detection. Stokes Raman scattering (Outcome 2) generally produces a stronger signal than Anti-Stokes Raman scattering (Outcome 3) because there are usually many more molecules in their base state compared to those in an excited state.
2和3的結果描述了對分子種類探測有潛在作用的情況. Stokes Raman scattering (結果2)產生的信號一般比Anti-Stokes Raman scattering (結果 3)的要強.因為一般對處于活躍狀態的分子而言,處于基礎狀態分子較多.
Experimental data has shown that the photon’s change in energy is uniquely tied to the transition energies (vibrational and rotational) of the molecule collided with. Since each molecule species has a different and characteristic transition energy level (based on it’s internal bond structure), a photon’s change in energy after collision with the molecule can be used to identify the molecule species.
實驗數據顯示了分子能量的改變，和他產生碰撞的分子轉變能量(震蕩的和旋轉的)有關.因為任何一種分子都有不同的特性的轉變能量水平(基于內部機構),分子與分子發生碰撞導致能量改變,可用于識別分子種類.
The Raman line for a molecule species identifies the position (frequency or wavelength) of peak energy change. However, a photon’s energy shift is not just the Raman line but also a normal distribution about the line.
分子種類拉曼線能標識能量轉換峰值位置(頻率和波長).然而,光子能量轉換不僅是拉曼線,還包括線的正常分布.
The spectrum of Raman lines represents a mapping of energy change (frequency or wavelength shift) to molecule species. Additionally, the quantity of photons produced at each Raman line is linearly proportional to the volume concentration of the related molecule species.
拉曼光譜代表分子能量轉換(頻率和波長轉變)繪圖.另外,每個拉曼線的光子質量對分子種類產生線性比例.
Raman spectroscopy cannot detect monatomic molecule species (Helium, Argon, Krypton, Neon and Xenon).
拉曼光譜原理不能夠探測單元子的分子類別(氦氣,氬氣,氪氣,氖氣和氙氣).
9.1.6 LGA GAS DETECTION LGA氣體檢測
The LGA uses a Helium-Neon laser, prism and precision mirrors to produce a precisely regulated, single wavelength (632 nanometer) laser beam. The laser beam interacts with a flowing gas sample that is continuously drawn through the gas-detection cell.
LGA使用氦-氖激光,光學鏡產生精確的有規律的,單波長(632 nanometer)的激光束,與流動的樣氣相互作用.
The gas detection cell houses eight (8) detector subsystems. Each subsystem includes a focusing lens, an optical filter to select a specific Raman line and an avalanche photodiode(APD) to capture the filtered light.
氣體探測單元安裝了8個探測子系統.每個子系統包括聚光鏡,選擇特定拉曼光線的光學過濾器, 獲取過濾光的雪崩光敏二極管 (APD).
Optical Filters: The various LGA models typically use optical filters in the 649 to 859 nanometer wavelength range (Stokes Raman scattering). Signal intensity and cross-talk sensitivity can be controlled by varying the wavelength width of the optical filters. Optical filters in LGA units have wavelength widths that range from 1 to 10 nanometers.
光學過濾器:多種LGA模型在649 to 859納米波長范圍(Stokes Raman scattering)內采用光學過濾器.信號強度和cross-talk靈敏度可通過改變光學過濾器的波長寬度來控制. LGA單元中的光學過濾器波長寬度在1-10納米范圍內.
APD Detectors: When an APD is struck by a photon, it becomes charged up and must be discharged before it can detect another photon. This phenomenon causes the LGA to under-count the number of photon hits and the error compounds non-linearly as the number of photons increase. The more photons hits, the more times the APD must discharge, the more time the APD is effectively “off-line”, the more photon hits that are missed. The photon count can be statistically corrected using the following standard equation;
APD探測器:當APD由光子碰撞時，它能探測另一個光子前必須變化。越多的光子碰撞,則需越多次數的APD釋放,釋放次數越多,APD越能有效“off-line”,因此越少光子碰撞,可通過如下公式計算光子:

A = M / (1.0 – (T * M))
Where: A = actual photon count
M = measured photon count
T = linearization factor, related to APD discharge time
A = M / (1.0 – (T * M))
其中: A = actual photon count
M = measured photon count
T = linearization factor, related to APD discharge time

Linearization factors are typically on the order of 0.000030 and must be determined experimentally for each APD in the system. Figure 9e illustrates a typical linearity curve. The concentration scale is specific to the APD and the optical filter width; i.e. a narrow filter may produce 2000 counts at 50% concentration while a wide filter may produce 2000 counts at 10% concentration. The LGA detection system is inherently more accurate at low-end concentrations.
線性化因素一般規律是0.000030,必須試驗性的對系統內每臺APD進行確定. 圖9e顯示了典型的曲線.濃度刻度是APD和光學過濾器寬度的說明；50%的濃度，窄的過濾器能產生2000個計數；10%的濃度，寬的過濾器能產生2000個計數.LGA的診斷系統對低濃度分析非常準。

Figure 9e: Typical Linearization Curve
For accurate and consistent gas analyses, the pressure in the analyzer’s detector module must be maintained at a fixed pressure value, which is nominally set to 106 mm Hg(millimeters of mercury) below the installation site’s average barometric pressure, uncorrected for altitude. The sample pump in the LGA is a variable-speed unit that is located downstream of the analyzer’s detector module. Its speed is constantly being adjusted to maintain the designated pressure.
為準確和連續的氣體分析,分析儀探測模塊的壓力需控制為固定壓力值,一般為106 mm Hg(millimeters of mercury),低于安裝地的平均氣壓。LGA內的樣氣泵是可調速單元,位于分析儀探測器模塊downstream. 其速度不斷被調節以保持設定壓力.
The analyzer optics are protected from direct contact with the sample gas stream by a system of air dams. The detector module must operate at negative pressure (see previous paragraph) for proper operation of the air dams.
分析儀光學器件由樣氣流組成的氣體流保護.探測器模塊需在負壓下操作(見以前段落).
The LGA collects the gas signal in 50 millisecond time intervals. Gas concentrations are calculated (averaged) for 1 second and a User specified period (1 to 60 seconds).
LGA每50毫秒收集一次氣體信號.平均一秒內或用戶設定時間內(1 to 60 seconds)計算氣體濃度,
9.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 安全預防措施
This chapter presents information on servicing the Laser Gas Analyzer. LGA service should only be performed by persons experienced in servicing electronic instruments and equipped with the proper tools and test instruments. It is recommended that all persons involved in servicing the LGA unit have some form of laser safety training. At a minimum,
this should include knowledge of ANSI Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
本章顯示維護LGA信息.LGA維護需由具有維修電器經驗豐富的人,配備合理工具和檢測設備來操作.建議所有涉及維護LGA單元的人進行激光安全培訓.
This chapter presents procedures for replacing components (other than the detector module assembly) internal to the Laser Gas Analyzer. The procedures should only be performed by persons equipped with the proper tools and experienced in repairing electronic instruments and computers.
本章展示了LGA部件(除了裝配診斷模塊) 更換步驟.配備合理工具,在維修電器設備和計算機方面有經驗的人操作.
Refer to section 1.3 for information regarding ARI’s service and repair policies. For technical assistance, contact ARI Technical Support at the contact numbers listed on the front cover of this manual.
關于ARI維護和修理信息參考1.3部分.關于技術支持,請聯系ARI技術支持.

WARNING: LASER RADIATION 警告:激光輻射
Do not stare into the laser beam or reflections from the beam or view either directly with optical instruments.
不要直視激光束或光學器件反射的光束.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK & FLAMMABILITY HAZARD
警告:電擊&易燃隱患
When being serviced, the LGA unit should generally be turned off and unplugged from the AC power source. Use extreme caution when performing service routines which require that the LGA unit be powered and/or running.
當處于維護狀態, LGA單元應關閉或從AC電源將插頭拔下.當需要LGA單元通電/運轉時，進行常規檢查需謹慎.

WARNING: STATIC SENSITIVITY 警告:靜電敏感度
The LGA unit’s electronic components are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge. When disassembling the unit, work at a static-control workstation and wear a staticcontrol wrist strap to discharge accumulated static charges. Always handle circuit boards by their nonconductive edges. Components damaged by electrostatic discharge are not covered under warranty
由于靜電釋放,很容易損害LGA單元的電子原件.拆卸單元時,在靜電控制室進行,操作員需穿著靜電控制腕帶釋放積聚的靜電.通常拿絕緣邊去處理電路板.由于釋放損壞的元件不在擔保范圍之內.

9.2.1 PERSONNEL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS個人安全預防措施

WARNING: LASER RADIATION警告:激光輻射
Do not stare into the laser beam or reflections from the beam or view directly with optical instruments. It is recommended that all persons involved in servicing the LGA unit have some form of laser safety training. At a minimum, this should include knowledge of ANSI Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
不要直視激光束或光學器件反射的光束.建議所有涉及LGA單元維修的人員接受激光安全培訓. 至少,要懂得ANSI Z136.1-2000(美國國家激光安全使用標準)的知識.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK & FLAMMABILITY HAZARD
警告:電擊&易燃隱患

When being serviced, the LGA should generally be turned off and unplugged from the AC power source. Use extreme caution when performing service routines that require that the LGA be powered and/or running. Do not touch exposed wiring or any conductive surface while the cover is off. The voltage present when the monitor is connected to electrical power can cause serious injury or death. (The laser uses approximately 2.5 KV; the APDs use approximately 290 V.)
當處于維護狀態, LGA單元應關閉或從AC電源將插頭拔下.當需要LGA單元通電/運轉時，進行常規檢查時需謹慎.不要碰觸暴露出來的線路或導體(當外皮脫落的時候).監視器連接到電源產生的電壓會導致嚴重傷亡. (激光使用大約2.5 KV; APDs使用大約 290 V.)
3) The LGA discharges a small, but steady stream of process and/or calibration gases. The analyzer’s exhaust must be directed to an appropriate location by means of a scavenging system.
LGA排放少量但穩定的處理/標定氣體.分析儀需通過排氣系統將氣體直接排放到合適地點.
4) For continued protection against fire hazard, replace blown fuses only with the fuses of the same type and rating.
對于防火的保護的保險,需同型號的保險替換.
5) Do not use the LGA in the presence of flammable substances.
在出現易燃情況下,不要使用LGA.
6) Make sure the analyzer is set up to operate at the correct line voltage.
For protection against shock hazard, the unit must be properly grounded.
確保LGA在真確線電壓下操作.為保護LGA防止電擊,單元需適當的接地.
7) LGA’s that are intended to be operated at 220/240 VAC must be connected to a supply main that is balanced (i.e., that does not have either leg grounded) or excessive leakage current may result.
LGA需在220/240 VAC下操作，連接到平穩的主電源（不接地），否則產生嚴重的漏電.

Figure 9f: Balanced vs Unbalanced Supply Main
9.2.2 OPERATION & SERVICE PRECAUTIONS 操作&維修預防措施

Service: Only competent individuals trained in the repair of this equipment should attempt to service it. Detailed information for extensive repairs is included in this manual solely for the convenience of Users having proper knowledge, tools, and test equipment. Read and follow each step of all test and repair procedures to ensure their proper and safe completion.
維修:只有經過此設備維修培訓的佼佼者才能嘗試維護系統.詳細維修信息包含在操作手冊,方便用戶掌握合適知識,工具和設備.讀取下列測試和維修步驟,確保順利安全完成.
Static Sensitivity: The unit’s electronic components are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge.
靜電敏感度: 由于靜電釋,很容易損害LGA單元的電子原件.
a) When disassembling the unit, work at a static-control workstation and wear a static-control wrist strap to discharge accumulated static charges.
拆卸單元時,在靜電控制的工作室進行,操作員需穿著靜電控制腕帶釋放積聚的靜電.

b) Always handle circuit boards (replacement and defective) by their nonconductive edges and use anti-static containers when transporting them.

通常拿絕緣邊緣處理電路板.運輸時采用防靜電的集裝箱.
3) Inlet air filters: Excessive dust buildup on the inlet air filter may cause a cooling system malfunction, improper calibration, and/or inaccurate analysis.
氣體入口過濾器:氣體入口過濾器的過灰塵堆積會導致冷卻系統發生故障,不正確的標定/不正確的分析.
4) Do not operate the LGA unless it is properly installed and calibrated; inaccurate readings will result.
LGA未能正確安裝和標定時,不要操作LGA.否則讀取不正確的數據.
a) Use only calibration gases that meet or exceed the purity and accuracy
specifications listed in section 7.1.
使用的標氣需滿足或超出7.1部分推出的氣體純度和精度規格.
b) Use of the wrong calibration gases will result in improper calibration; the monitor will display invalid data.
使用錯誤標氣會導致不正確標定,顯示器顯示無效數據.
c) Do not use calibration gas cylinders beyond their printed expiration date.
不要使用過期的標氣氣缸.
d) Calibration of the analyzer’s internal flow sensor requires a mass flow
meter that is calibrated and known to be accurate.
分析儀內部流量傳感器標定需質量流計量器,被認定為精確的.
5) The scavenger pressure at the sample exhaust port must not be above or significantly below atmospheric pressure; inaccurate readings will result.
在樣氣排出口的清潔壓力不能超過或嚴重低于大氣壓力,否則導致不正確讀取.
6) Cleaning 清潔
a) Do not use harsh solvents to clean the instrument.
不要用粗糙的溶劑清理設備.
b) Use cleaning solutions sparingly. Do not immerse the analyzer in liquid. Excessive solution can flow into the unit and cause damage to internal components.
有節制的使用清潔溶液.不要將分析儀浸入到液體中.多于的溶液會流入單元導致內部部件的損壞.
9.3 INTERNAL SUBASSEMBLIES & COVER REMOVAL內部部件裝配&機殼移動
The Laser Gas Analyzer includes the following subassemblies:
LGA包含如下部件裝配:

Chassis and Cover 機殼,外殼
Front Panel Assembly: includes sample inlet and exhaust fittings.
前面板集合:包括樣氣進口和排放設備.
Detector Module: includes the laser power supply, two avalanche photodiode(APD) modules, optics module, prism, needle valves, plasma tube, and(APD) modules, optics module, prism, needle valves, plasma tube, and laser alignment wobble plate.
探測器模塊:包括激光電壓供應,兩個雪崩光敏二極管(APD)模塊,光學器件模塊,三棱鏡,針閥,等離子管, 激光對正搖動盤.
Power Assembly: includes a power line filter, power supply(+12, -12, +5, -5 Vdc) and power distribution board.
電源集合:包含電源線過濾器,電源供應 (+12, -12, +5, -5 Vdc)和電源分配板 .
Power Input Module: includes fuses and power cord receptacle.
電源輸入模塊:包含保險和插座
Flow Control Assembly: includes the sample pump, gas control board,
associated gas filters, and tubing flow control orifices.
流量控制集合:包含樣氣泵氣體控制板,和氣體相關的過濾器
Computer Assembly: includes the electronics chassis, motherboard with CPU(processor) and RAM (memory), LGA interface card, IDE hard drive, video card, network card(s), serial, parallel and USB ports.
計算機集合:包括電子器件機殼,帶CPU和RAM的主板.,LGA 接口卡, IDE硬盤驅動,顯卡,網絡卡,串并聯USB接口.
APD Cooling Fan and Inlet Air Filter
APD冷氣扇和進氣過濾器
Auxiliary Cooling Fan 輔助冷風扇
The LGA’s internal components are accessed by removing the LGA’s cover. Figure 9g illustrates the cover removal/installation. Figure 9h shows the analyzer with its cover removed.
通過移開LGA機殼蓋子,可看到內部部件. 9g表格說明了外殼移動/安裝. 9h顯示的是分析儀拆去蓋子的狀態.
Cover Removal 蓋子移動
Turn the unit OFF and unplug it. 關閉單元拔掉插頭.
At the rear of the analyzer, remove the four screws that fasten the cover to the top (2 screws) and sides (1 screw on each side). Set them aside for reinstallation.
在分析儀背部,卸下四個螺絲(上面兩個,兩側各一個).放置在旁,安裝時使用.
Slide the cover toward the analyzer’s rear until it stops.
將蓋子向分析儀后滑動直至其停止.
Lift the rear of the cover and continue to slide it toward the rear of the chassis until it can be lifted off.
提起蓋子后面,繼續朝機殼后面滑動直至被取下.
Cover Installation 蓋子安裝
Ensure that the unit is OFF and unplugged.
確保關閉單元，拔掉插頭.
Ensure that all wires and cables are inside the analyzer and are routed properly.
確保所有分析儀內部的線正確布置.
From the rear of the monitor, slide the cover onto the monitor chassis.
在監視器后面,滑動蓋子至監視器機殼上.
Install the four screws that fasten the cover to the rear of the chassis.
安裝上四個螺絲,將蓋子固定在后面的機殼上.

Figure 9g: LGA Cover Removal

Figure 9h: LGA Internal View
9.4 FRONT PANEL ASSEMBLY 前面板集合
The front panel assembly contains the sample gas inlet and exhaust ports. It may have to be removed at times to provide service access to internal components.
前面板集合包含樣氣入口和出口.當需對內部部件進行維修時,可能需要卸下.
This following procedures assume that:
步驟如下:

The analyzer is OFF and unplugged.
分析儀關閉,拔下電源.
The analyzer has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
將分析儀移至干凈的環境,放置水平表面(桌子/操作臺)
The analyzer’s cover has been removed.
卸下分析儀蓋子.
Equipment and Tools: Phillips screwdriver (#2), 7/16” & 1/2” wrenches
設備和工具: Phillips螺絲刀(#2), 7/16” & 1/2”扳手
The front panel assembly is removed as follows:
前操作面板集合拆卸操作如下:
The internal optics-gas tubing is generally routed through hold-downs attached to the inside of the front-panel assembly. Release the optics-gas tubing from these holders.
內部光學氣體管一般通過下面洞安裝在前面板集合。從這個洞更換光學氣體管.
Remove the external nuts and washers that hold the sample inlet and exhaust ports to the front panel.
卸下外部螺母和固定樣氣入口和樣氣出口的墊圈
Remove the four screws (2 on each side) that fasten the front panel assembly to the front of the analyzer’s chassis. Set them aside for reinstallation.
卸下四個位于分析儀前機殼用于固定前面板集合的螺絲(每邊一個),放在旁邊以備安裝使用.
Carefully, separate the front panel assembly from the chassis. The panel should slide over the sample and exhaust ports, which remain with the chassis.
仔細的將前控制面板集合和機殼分離.將面板滑出樣氣排氣出口,
Installation is accomplished by reversing the removal procedure.
重新安裝需查看拆卸步驟.

Figure 9i: LGA Front Panel Removal
9.5 DETECTOR MODULE ASSEMBLY 探測模塊集合
This section presents information on servicing and replacing the LGA’s detector module. Analyzer service should only be performed by persons experienced in servicing electronic instruments and equipped with the proper tools and test instruments. It is recommended that all persons involved in servicing the LGA have some form of laser safety training. At a minimum, this should include knowledge of ANSI Z136.1-2000, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
此部分顯示了維修和更換LGA探測模塊的信息. 分析儀維修應由在電子設備維修方面有經驗的人,配備適合的工具和檢測設備來完成.建議所有涉及LGA維修的人員進行激光安全培訓.至少,要懂得ANSI Z136.1-2000(美國國家激光安全使用標準)的知識.
Refer to section 1.5 for information regarding ARI’s service and repair policies. For technical assistance, contact ARI Technical Support at the contact numbers listed on the front cover of this manual.
涉及ARI的維護和修理政策信息請參考1.5部分.關于技術支持,請聯系ARI的技術支持部門.
LGA Laser Information LGA激光信息
Laser Product: Class I
Laser: Class IIIa
Laser Type: HeNe
Max Power: < 2.5 x 10-3 W
Divergence: 2m rad
WARNING: LASER RADIATION 警告:激光輻射
Do not stare into the laser beam or reflections from the beam or view either directly with optical instruments.
不要直視激光束或光學器件反射的光束.
WARNING: ELECTRICAL SHOCK & FLAMMABILITY HAZARD警告:電擊&易燃隱患

When being serviced, the LGA unit should generally be turned off and unplugged from the AC power source. Use extreme caution when performing service routines which require that the LGA unit be powered and/or running.
當處于維護狀態, LGA單元應關閉或從AC電源將插頭拔下.當需要LGA單元通電/運轉時，進行常規檢查時需謹慎.

WARNING: STATIC SENSITIVITY警告:靜電敏感度
The LGA unit’s electronic components are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge. When disassembling the unit, work at a static-control workstation and wear a staticcontrol wrist strap to discharge accumulated static charges. Always handle circuit boards by their nonconductive edges. Components damaged by electrostatic discharge are not covered under warranty
由于靜電釋放,很容易損害LGA單元的電子原件.拆卸單元時,在靜電控制室進行,操作員需穿著靜電控制腕帶釋放積聚的靜電.通常拿絕緣邊去處理電路板.由于釋放損壞的元件不在擔保范圍之內.
9.5.1 DETECTOR MODULE DESCRIPTION 探測模塊描述
The detector module is the heart of the analyzer. It contains these key components:
探測模塊是分析儀的心臟.他包括如下重要部件:

Laser power feedback photodiode.
Helium-neon laser tube with mirror.
Laser alignment wobble plate with mirror.
Prism.
Optics module that contains the optical filters and the gas cell.
Heating elements.
Two avalanche photodiode (APD) modules.
Laser power supply.
Desiccator cartridges (remove moisture from the cooled detector cavity)
1)激光電壓反饋光電二極管
2)帶鏡的氦氖激光管.
3)激光對正搖擺盤和反射鏡.
棱鏡.
5)光學器件模塊包括光學過濾器和氣體介質.
6)加熱成份
兩個雪崩光敏二極管模塊 (APD) .
8)激光電源
干燥劑藥包 (移出潮濕)
The laser consists of a helium-neon plasma tube that contains an active medium that amplifies light, and two mirrors that reflect and focus the light. The light is amplified in the active medium while it reflects between two mirrors and defines the laser beam. One mirror is hard mounted to the laser tube and is not adjustable; the other mirror is mounted to the wobble plate and can be adjusted to optimize the laser power. As the alignment of the mirrors becomes more exact, more light is reflected. The laser power is highest when the mirrors reflect the greatest amount of light.
激光有氦氖等離子管,內含活性介質可增強光,兩個鏡可反射光和聚光.當在兩個鏡中反射時,在活性介質中的光得到增強,被定義為激光束.一個鏡很難安裝在激光管上,而且很難調節;另外一個安裝在搖擺盤上是可調節的,可優化激光電源.鏡的調整越精確,就會有越多的光被反射.當所有鏡反射最多的光時,激光電壓達到最大.
The prism is in the laser light path. It is used to select the desired wavelength (632.8nm) of laser light that is transmitted through the center of the gas cell.
激光的路徑會通過棱鏡.棱鏡用于選擇所需的穿過氣體介質中心的激光波長(632.8nm).
The laser power feedback photodiode measures the laser intensity and sends this information to a power measurement circuit. The gas sample is pulled through the gas cell where it is exposed to the laser beam. The laser beam scatters Raman (wavelength) shifted light from the gas molecules. Optical filters select only the Raman signals specific to each of the gases (i.e., CO2, O2, N2, etc.). They allow the Raman light to pass through to the avalanche photodiodes (APDs), which detect the gas signals.
激光電源反饋光敏二極管測量激光強度,且把此信息送至電壓測量電路.樣氣會經過氣體介質,此時就會暴露在激光束下.激光束散射從氣體分子里移出拉曼（波長）.光學過濾器只選擇符合條件的氣體(如, CO2, O2, N2, etc.).拉曼信號允許激光通過探測氣體信號的雪崩光敏二極管 (APDs).
A comparator detects the output signal from each APD. The signal pulses are converted to digital signals and sent to the interface board, where they are counted. Then they are sent to the CPU board, where they are processed.
比較儀探測每臺APD 的輸出信號.信號脈沖轉化成數碼信號送至接口面板進行計算.然后送至CPU控制板進行處理.
Changes in temperature can affect the alignment of the laser and can cause the filter wavelengths to drift. The prism heater maintains the temperature of the prism. The E.O. (electro-optic) block heater, or optics module heater, maintains the temperature of the entire optics module. Each heater is controlled by a separate controller on the power distribution board.
溫度上的改變可能影響激光對準,導致波長移位.棱鏡加熱器控制棱鏡的溫度. E.O. (電子光學) 模塊加熱器控制所有光學器件模塊溫度.每個加熱器都分別由分布在控制板上的電源控制.
APD Modules
Two APD modules contain the avalanche photodiodes, thermo-electric coolers, temperature sensors, and associated electronics. The APD modules (gases 1-4 and gases 5-8) in the detector module assembly are exact duplicates. Each module has four APDs; thus there are a total of eight APDs.
APD模塊包括雪崩光敏二極管, 電子恒溫器冷卻器,溫度傳感器,和相關的電子原件. 探測器模塊集合中的APD模塊(氣體 1-4 和氣體 5-8)是精確重復.每個模塊有四個APD;因此共有八個APD.

Figure 9j: LGA Detector Module Drawing

Figure 9k: LGA Detector Module Photo

The APDs require a high voltage reverse bias and operate linearly, with a high sample rate. When light is radiated on the reverse-biased APDs, an avalanche of current is triggered.
APD需要高電壓的反響偏壓和線性操作，用高采樣率，光散射到反向偏壓的APD時,啟動雪崩電流.
High voltage bias: The high voltage is set and maintained by a source-follower FET circuit. The high voltage supply provides 290 V. This voltage is adjusted to match each APD(range = 175 to 250 V) via a potentiometer voltage divider connected to the gate of the regulating FET. An 18-V zener diode between the gate and the FET source protects the device from backlash voltages that could occur during operation.
高壓偏差:通過電源跟隨器FET電路設定并保持高壓.高壓為290V.通過連接到調節FET閥門上的電位計電壓分壓器來調節電壓，使之適合每個APD(范圍=175 to 250 V). 在閥門和FER電源間的18-V的齊納二極管,保護設備免于在操作中產生反斜線電壓.
APD temperature feedback and control: The APDs are cooled to lower the background noise and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Their junction temperature is maintained close to –5° Celsius. Each APD is cooled by a thermoelectric cooler (TC1) that is powered by drivers on the power distribution board. Temperature feedback is accomplished by mounting a thermistor (RT2) close to the APDs in a resistive bridge that is monitored on the power distribution board.
APD溫度反饋和控制:APD溫度下降可降低背景噪音并改善信號與噪音的比率.連接溫度控制在–5℃.每個APD通過熱電冷卻機(TC1)降溫. 熱電冷卻機由位于電源分配面板上的驅動裝置提供電壓.溫度反饋通過安裝電熱調節器 (RT2)完成.電熱調節器 (RT2)安裝在接近APDs 的電阻橋上，在電源分配板上監視.

Laser Power Supply 激光電壓供應
The laser power supply is the energy source for the laser. It is a DC-to-DC converter that uses high-frequency energy conversion technology to achieve 85% efficiency. It has feedback-regulated output current, feedback-regulated start voltage, and output-short-circuit protection.
激光電壓供應是為激光提供能源.是一種DC-到-DC的轉換器,應用高頻能源轉化原理達到85%的效率.他有反饋調節輸出電流, 反饋調節啟動電壓和輸出短路保護.
The laser power supply provides a high-start voltage that can exceed 10 KV. When the laser is on, the output voltage is 2350 V at 5 mA. The input to the supply is +12 Vdc at about 1.2 A.
激光電壓提供高啟動電壓,可超過10KV。當啟動電壓,輸出電壓為2350 V 5 mA.輸入供應為+12 Vdc大約為 1.2 A.

9.5.2 SIGNAL STRENGTH & LASER VOLTAGE/PERCENT
信號強度&激光電壓/百分數
The signal produced by a given gas compound is directly related to the compound concentration and the strength of the laser. Laser percent is a relative value that is used as a performance indicator. When the detector module was installed, the laser was optimized to its maximum voltage. This voltage (set on screen SysCfg) defines a 100 percent laser.
給定氣體混合氣產生的信號和混合物濃度和激光強度相關.激光百分比是一個相對數值用做執行指示器.當探測模塊安裝,激光會調至最大電壓.電壓(在SysCfg屏上設定)限定一個百分之百的激光.
Laser strength will be reduced by optics misalignment, optics fouling and general laser decay (burn-out over time). A strong laser is desirable, but the LGA can function very well with a low laser percent indication so long as the gas detectors (APDs) generate sufficient signal strength. Screen GasCalc displays a sensitivity parameter for each gas detector channel (APD). These parameters (parts-per-million-of-gas per count-of-signal-generated) are the best indicator of analyzer performance.
光學器件的錯誤調正, 光學器件的污穢和自然衰變(超過時間)會減少激光強度.強的激光呵護是需要的,但是,只要激光探測器(APDs)產生充足的信號強度,低強度的激光也可以很好的發揮作用. GasCalc屏顯示了每種探測器通道(APD)的敏感度參數.這些參數(parts-per-million-of-gas per count-of-signal-generated)是分析儀運作的最好指示符.
Laser voltage/percent and gas channel sensitivity values should be checked periodically. The detector module should considered usable so long as each APD channel has a sensitivity value that meets Users criteria. Detector modules that fail the usability test should be checked for alignment (section 9.5.3). If the alignment fails to improve performance, optics cleaning should be performed (section9.5.4).
激光電壓/百分比和氣體通道敏感值需定期查看.只要每個APD通道都有敏感度,滿足用戶的標準,則探測模塊認定為可用的.探測模塊在應用檢測中失敗應檢查調節(9.5.3部分).若改善性能調正失敗,應該清潔光學器件(9.5.4部分).
9.5.3 LASER ALIGNMENT 激光調正
The LGA’s laser alignment should be checked;
LGA激光調正需核實:

after replacement of the detector module
after any changes in the unit’s operating cell pressure, flow rate or temperature.
after any significant drop in laser strength.
1)更換探測模塊后
2)每次更改單元操作介質壓力,流速或溫度后
任何一次嚴重激光強度的下跌.

Equipment and tools: 設備和工具

Phillips screwdriver (#2); a 90 degree, ratchet-type may be required for LGA units mounted within an electrical enclosure.
LGA單元安裝可能需要Phillips 螺絲刀 (#2);90度角, ratchet-type
Allen wrench, 1/8" (screwdriver-like handle is preferred). The detector module contains a fixed-position laser and a prism/mirror module mounted on a spring-loaded wobble plate. In the alignment process, the position of the mirror is adjusted (by moving the wobble plate) to maximize the amount of light it reflects. Laser voltage/percent is an indication of this reflected light. To align the laser, proceed as follows:
方孔螺絲頭扳手1/8" (螺絲裝置把手是首選).探測器模式包含定位激光和棱鏡∕反射鏡安裝在搖擺盤上.棱鏡模塊.在調整過程中,鏡的位置調至最大量的激光反射.激光電壓/百分比指示了這種反射光.調整激光步驟如下:
Make sure that the LGA has been operating with the cover on for at least 15 minutes.
確保分析儀機使用這個殼至少15分鐘.
Display the ManCtrl screen:
顯示ManCtrl屏:
a) Place the unit in MANUAL mode
b) Verify that the sample flow rate is approximately 250 ml/min.
a)單元調至手動模式
b)核實樣氣流量大約在250 ml/min.
Display the Align screen to view the laser voltage signal.
顯示Align屏查看激光電壓信號.
WARNING: The auxiliary cooling fan is controlled by internal temperature circuits and may turn on without warning.
警告:附加冷風扇通過內部溫度電路控制,可能會在沒有警告時開啟.
Remove the auxiliary cooling fan assembly to gain access to the laser alignment adjusting screws. Use a #2 Phillips screwdriver to remove the two screws that secure the fan housing to the back panel. Hinge the assembly to the left, pull it out (be careful with the wires), and rest it in a secure manner. DO NOT allow the fan assembly to dangle by its electrical wires.
卸下附加冷風扇集合看到激光調正調節螺絲. 用#2 Phillips 螺絲刀卸下兩個螺絲.將集合移到左側取出(注意電線),放置妥當.不要用自身的電線將風扇集合掛起.
Look through the opening in the back panel to locate the top and side xhe screws that are part of the detector module’s rear mirror (wobble plate) assembly.
查看被面板頂部和側面螺絲，它們是診斷模塊后面反射鏡的集合（搖擺盤）。
Alignment
Screw B
Alignment
Screw A

Figure 9l: Laser Alignment Screws
Note: Do not turn the alignment screws more than 1/2 turn in either direction. If the power drops to zero and you cannot regain it, do not make any further adjustment. Call ARI Technical Support for assistance.
注:不要向任何方向轉動調正螺絲多于1/2轉.若電壓下降到零不能恢復,不要進行任何調整.聯系ARI技術支持.
6) Using the 1/8”Allen wrench, turn the top screw (A) very slightly clockwise to peak the laser voltage value. If the laser voltage value decreases, turn the screw counter-clockwise until the voltage is peaked.
使用1/8”六角扳手,輕輕的按順時針方向擰動頂部螺絲(A)至最大電壓值.若激光電壓值下降,按逆時針方向調節直至恢復最大值.
7) After the laser voltage is peaked with the top screw, turn the side screw (B) very slightly to peak the laser voltage again.
通過頂部螺絲調節到最大激光電壓后,輕輕旋轉側面螺絲(B)再次達到最大激光電壓.
8) Repeat steps 6 and 7 until you can obtain no further increase in laser voltage.
重復6和7步驟直至不能夠再得到更高的激光電壓.
WARNING: The auxiliary cooling fan is controlled by internal temperature circuits and may turn on without warning.
警告:輔助冷風扇通過內部溫度電路可控制,可能再無警告的情況下開啟.
9) Reinstall the auxiliary cooling fan assembly. Position the lip on the fan housing inside the back panel opening and carefully hinge the assembly into place. Do not pinch the fan electrical wires. Install the two screws that secure the fan to the panel.
重新安裝輔助冷風扇集合。位于風扇室，在背面板里面；小心集合鉸鏈進入。不要掐風扇的電線.擰緊螺絲固定風扇到控制板上.
10) The LGA should be recalibrated after completing the laser alignment
procedure.
在完成激光調整過程后,LGA可被重新標定.
9.5.4 CLEANING LASER OPTICS 清潔光學器件
The laser optics are protected from direct contact with the sample gas stream by a system of air dams. In some situations the optics can become contaminated and require cleaning. Contamination is generally indicated by low laser power and/or low signal strength.
通過與樣氣流直接接觸可保護光學原件.有些情況會導致光學器件污染需要清潔.可通過低激光電壓/低信號強度發現污染.
Read and understand section 9.5.2: Signal Strength & Laser Voltage/Percent. Repeated cleaning of the optic surfaces can damage them. Do not over-clean. While 100% laser is desirable, the unit may run just fine at a lower level. Know when to quit.
閱讀 9.5.2部分:信號強度&激光電壓/百分比.不斷的擦拭光學器件表面會導致損壞.不要過分清潔.100%激光電壓是希望,單元也可在低水平電壓下運轉. Know when to quit.
Read and understand this entire procedure before beginning to clean the laser optics.
在清潔光學原件前請閱讀完整過程.
WARNING: LASER RADIATION 警告:激光輻射
Do not stare into the beam or reflections from the beam or view it directly with optical instruments.
不要直示光束或反射的光束,要通過光學設備直接看.
WARNING: SENSITIVE OPTICAL SURFACES 敏感光學器件表面
Use only approved cotton swabs moistened with HPLC grade acetone for cleaning the laser optics. Dry swabs will scratch the optical surfaces.
使用認可的棉花到HPLC等級的丙酮液沾濕擦干凈激光光學器件。干擦將劃痕光學器件表面。
Equipment and tools 裝置和工具
? Safety eyeglasses 安全目鏡
? Phillips screwdriver (#2) Phillips螺絲刀(#2)
? 1/8” Allen wrench 1/8”六角扳手
? 3/32” Allen wrench 3/32” 六角扳手
? Optics Cleaning Swabs (wood handle, cotton swab with no binders)光學器件清潔Swabs(木柄,棉swab無粘合劑)
? Optics Cleaning Solution (Acetone, HPLC grade)光學器件清潔溶液(HPLC等級的丙酮)
? Needle-nose pliers, insulated Needle-nose鑷子,絕緣
? Insulating paper, such as fish paper or a manila folder絕緣紙,如青殼紙manila folder.
There are four optical surfaces that may require cleaning. For each surface, the cleaning process involves gaining access to the surface and wiping/scrubbing it with an acetonemoistened cotton swab.
有四個光學器件表面需要清理,每個表面清理過程都涉及接觸表面，用沾濕丙酮的棉花擦拭.
There are two basic causes of “dirty” laser optics: particulates and film. Particulate matter can usually be removed from the surface with a gentle wipe. If a film has formed on the surface, however, the nature of the film will determine whether the surface will clean easily with a gentle wipe or will need firm scrubbing.
有兩個導致光學器件污染的基本原因:顆粒和薄膜.顆粒物質可輕輕擦拭表面去除.若在表面形成膜狀,則薄膜的性質決定是否采取清擦去除還是需要進一步擦洗.
When a surface is truly clean, it will feel “squeaky-clean” when a swab is firmly wiped across its surface. Each surface must be cleaned (gentle wipe or firm scrub) until that effect is achieved.
當表面很干凈，用力擦過表面將發出吱吱聲音。每個表面必須清潔直到取得效果。
Cleaning Rules 清潔規則
The following rules must be followed to ensure that the surfaces are properly cleaned:
確保表面合理清潔需遵循如下規則:

Use a new cotton-tipped swab for each wipe of any surface. Never reuse a swab; each wipe puts contaminants on the swab that will prevent successful cleaning if it is reused.
每次清潔表面都需使用新棉花為擦凈物,不要重復擦；每次擦拭都使得污物沾到棉花上,若重新使用會影響清潔度.
The swab must be thoroughly moistened with acetone (but not dripping). Dry swabs can/will scratch the optic’s surface.
擦凈物需在丙酮中(but not dripping)浸濕,干的擦凈物會在光學器件表面留下劃痕.
If laser strength decreases after a surface is wiped, it can mean that:若用力擦表面后激光強度降低了,則意味著:
a) Contaminants have been added to the surface.表面沾染很多的的污物
b) Existing surface contaminants have been move around to a worse position.存于表面的污物已經移到更糟的位置.
c) Too much acetone was used. Re-clean the surface with a new, acetone-moistened swab. Do not try to get laser strength back by aligning the laser.使用了過多的丙酮，用新的浸了丙酮的擦凈物再次清理表面，不要試圖通過調整激光來使是激光強度恢復.
The sampling pump must be off to prevent pulling contaminants into the laser.采樣泵需關閉，防止將污物吸入系統.
Surface Cleaning Procedure 表面清潔步驟
The optics cleaning procedure is described below. To avoid needless instruction repetition within that procedure, this “Surface Cleaning Procedure” is presented as sub-procedure.
光學器件清潔步驟表述如下.為避免不必要重復,此表面清潔步驟作為清潔的分步驟.

“Surface Clean” procedure

Realign the laser for maximum voltage.
Record the laser voltage value for later comparison in Step 5.
Perform a “Gentle wipe”.
Perform a “Firm scrub”.
Perform a “Gently wipe”.
Realign the laser for maximum voltage.
1)重新調正獲得最大電壓.在第五步驟記下激光電壓,為比較做準備.
輕拭
進一步擦拭
輕柔擦拭
重新調正獲得最大電壓
If the laser voltage is less than that obtain in Step 1, repeat the cleaning from Step 2.
若激光電壓比步驟1中獲得的小,從第二步開始重復清潔.
“Gentle Wipe” directions 輕拭指導
Take a new cotton-tipped swab and dip it into the acetone. Shake the swab once to remove excess acetone.
取新的棉花做擦凈物,浸入丙酮.抖動擦凈物去掉多于丙酮.
Gently wipe the surface once with the swab; be sure to extend the cleaning beyond the area through which the beam passes. Dispose of the swab; do not reuse it.
用擦凈物輕柔擦拭表面,確保擴大清潔面積大于光束通過面積.處理掉擦凈物,不要重復使用.
Wait for the acetone to dry and check the laser power. If the laser power increased, realign the laser for maximum power.
等丙酮干后檢查激光電源壓. 如果激光電壓升高, 恢復激光最大電壓。
“Firm Scrub” directions 進一步擦拭
Take a new cotton-tipped swab and dip it into the acetone. Shake the swab once to remove excess acetone.
取新的棉花做凈擦物浸入丙酮.抖動擦凈物去掉多于丙酮.
Firmly scrub the surface back and forth, being sure to clean as much of the surface as possible. Dispose of the swab; do not reuse it.
用力擦前后表面,盡可能擦拭所有表面. 處理掉擦凈物,不要重復使用.
Wait for the acetone to dry and check the laser power. If the power increased, realign the laser for maximum power.
等丙酮干后檢查激光電壓. 如果激光電壓升高, 恢復最大激光電壓。
Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 until the surface feels squeaky clean when scrubbed. It may take several scrubbings (5 or more) to completely clean the surface.
重復123步驟指導表面干凈,完成清潔需五次擦拭或更多.
Note: the scrubbing must be quite firm to achieve the “squeaky feel.”
注;擦洗必須獲得“吱吱的感覺”
Optics Cleaning Procedure 光學器件清潔步驟
This procedure must be performed in a clean (dust free) environment. It is best performed with the LGA sitting on a horizontal surface (desk or workbench). ARI recommends that non-portable LGA units be removed from their electrical enclosure prior to cleaning. There are four optical surfaces that must be cleaned:
執行此操作需在清潔的環境下(無灰塵).將LGA放置到水平面上(桌子或操作臺).ARI建議在清潔前將非便攜式的LGA單元從它們的電子屏蔽中移出.必須清潔如下光學器件表面:
The Brewster window.
One side of the prism.
The other side of the prism.
The mirror.
The Brewster window.
棱鏡的一個側面.
棱鏡的其他側面.
反射鏡.

The laser optics are cleaned as follows:
光學器件清潔步驟如下:

Turn the LGA off and move it to the cleaning area.關閉LGA,移至清潔區
Remove the unit’s cover. 卸下單元蓋子
Connect a monitor, keyboard and mouse.連接監視器,鍵盤和鼠標
Turn the LGA and monitor on 打開監視器
Display the ManCtrl screen 顯示ManCtrl屏
a) Place the unit in MANUAL mode 調至手動模式
b) Select an appropriate sampling port. 選擇合適的采樣口
c) Turn the sampling pump OFF to prevent pulling room contaminants into the analysis cell. 關閉采樣口防止室內污物浸入分析儀介質
d) Verify that the gas cell is at atmospheric pressure. 調整氣體介質在大氣壓力
Adjust the laser alignment for maximum voltage.調節激光至最大電壓
Record the laser voltage measurement for later reference.記錄激光電壓測量值以備參考
Prism lid 棱鏡蓋
Brewster window cover Brewster window蓋

Figure 9m: Brewster Window and Prism Covers
Steps 7 – 10: Brewster Window Cleaning
步驟7-10: Brewster Window清潔
7). Remove the Brewster window cover by removing the two 3/32 hex socket screws that secure the cover. Leave the tubing connected and lay the cover and tubing out of the way.
卸下螺絲,移開Brewster window蓋子,保持管系連接,將蓋子放置安全處.

WARNING: Be sure you are wearing protective safety eyeglasses to avoid getting acetone in your eyes before continuing with the following steps.
警告:確保穿著保護性安全目鏡，避免丙酮進入眼睛,操作如下:

Surface Clean the Brewster window surface.
清潔Brewster window表面
Replace the Brewster window cover. Make sure the O-ring is in good condition and properly seated in the O-ring groove. Replace if necessary.
安裝好Brewster window蓋子.確保O形襯墊完好放置在槽內.若需要重新安裝.
Check the laser voltage to make sure no particles fell on the surface
during the cover’s replacement. If the laser strength is sufficient, go to step 15.
檢查激光電壓,確保安裝蓋子時無塵粒落在表面.若激光強度很大,進行步驟15的操作.
Steps 11 – 16: Prism & Mirror Cleaning
步驟11-16;棱鏡&鏡的清潔
Warning: When the prism cover is removed, two beams reflect upward from the prism. Be careful to avoid staring into the laser beam or these reflections.
警告:當移開棱鏡蓋子,從棱鏡反射出兩道向上的光束.注意避免直視光束或反射光.
To expose the prism and mirror, remove the two 3/32 hex socket screws that secure the prism lid.
露出棱鏡和鏡,轉動棱鏡蓋上的3/32 hex socket固定螺絲
sample pump must still be off.
Do not touch any parts enclosed by the prism housing.
Do not touch the prism with your hands.
樣氣泵需關閉
不要碰觸棱鏡中的任何部件
不要用手碰觸棱鏡
Surface Clean one side of the prism.
If the laser strength is sufficient, go to step 15.
清潔棱鏡一個表面
若激光強度足夠,進入步驟15.
Surface Clean the other side of the prism.
If the laser is sufficient, go to step 15.
清潔棱鏡其他表面
若激光充足,進入步驟15.
Surface Clean the mirror.
清潔鏡表面
Replace the lid on the prism enclosure. Make sure the O-ring is in good condition and properly seated in the O-ring groove. Replace if necessary.
安裝好棱鏡蓋子.確保O形襯墊完好裝在槽內,若有必要重新安裝.
Check the laser voltage to make sure no particles fell on the surfaces
during the cover’s replacement.
檢查激光電壓,確保安裝蓋子時無塵粒落在表面.
If the laser is sufficient, go to step 17.
若激光充足,進入步驟17.
If the cleaning was not successful, then repeat the process from the beginning one more time. It may take two full cycles of cleaning all four surfaces to achieve acceptable laser strength.
若清潔完成,在重復此過程一次.可能會需兩輪清潔來清理四個表面來達到合格的激光強度.

Steps 17 – 23: Cleaning Conclusion
步驟17-23;清潔終結
17) Turn the pump ON and wait for the pressure to stabilize.
打開泵等待壓力穩定
18) Adjust the laser alignment for maximum voltage.
調節激光至最大電壓
If the laser strength is sufficient, go to step 19.
若強度足夠,進入步驟19.
If the laser strength is not sufficient, the detector module should be replaced.
若激光強度不夠,需重新安裝探測模塊.
19) Turn the power off and then replace the instrument’s cover.
關閉電源,安裝好設備蓋子.
20) Install the LGA in it’s electrical enclosure.
安裝好LGA 電子屏蔽室.
21) Apply power the LGA system and allow it to warm up for at least 15 minutes.
開啟LGA系統電源,使之預熱至少15分鐘.
22) Adjust the laser alignment for maximum voltage
調節激光至最大電壓
9.5.5 DETECTOR MODULE REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
探測模塊拆卸&安裝
This section presents the procedure for removing the LGA detector module.
此部分介紹了LGA探測模塊的拆卸步驟
Equipment and tools: 設備和工具:
? Safety eyeglasses
? Phillips screwdriver (#2)
? 3/8" nut driver (preferably with magnet) or socket wrench
? Needle-nose pliers, insulated
?安全目鏡
? Phillips 螺絲刀 (#2)
? 3/8" 螺帽裝置 (帶磁的) 或一套扳手
? 鉗子，絕緣

WARNING:
ELECTRICAL SHOCK & FLAMMABILITY HAZARD
When being serviced, the LGA should be turned off and unplugged from the AC power source.
警告:電擊&易燃隱患
當處于維修狀態, LGA單元應關閉或從AC電源將插頭拔下.

WARNING: STATIC SENSITIVITY警告:靜電敏感度

The LGA’s electronic components are susceptible to damage by electrostatic discharge. When disassembling the unit, work at a static-control workstation and wear a static-control wrist strap to discharge accumulated static charges. Always handle circuit boards by their nonconductive edges. Components damaged by electrostatic discharge are not covered under warranty
由于靜電釋,很容易損害LGA單元的電子原件.拆卸單元時,在靜電控制室進行,操作員需穿著靜電控制腕帶釋放積聚的靜電.通常拿絕緣邊緣處理電路板.由于靜電釋放損壞的元件不在擔保范圍之內.
WARNING: Do not grasp or lift the prism lid when handling the detector module.
警告:當處理探測模塊時不要抓或提起棱鏡蓋子.
Remove the detector module as follows:
探測模塊拆卸如下:

Turn the LGA off and unplug it. 關掉LGA,拔下插頭.
Remove the cover. 卸下蓋子
Disconnect the two pneumatic lines that connect to the detector module:
斷開兩根連在探測模塊上的氣動線路.
a) Sample line: disconnect the luer-fitting on the gas cell inlet filter.
采樣線路:斷開樣氣入口過濾器上的luer-fitting
b) Exhaust line: disconnect the in-line luer-fitting located between the gas cell exhaust and the pressure sensor on the gas circuit board.
排氣線路:斷開氣體電路板上的,位于氣體排氣和壓力傳感器之間的in-line luer-fitting
Disconnect these cables (mark them for reinstallation):
斷開所有線路(做好重新安裝的準備)
a) On the power distribution board, disconnect the 7 detector module cables from JH1, JH2, JH3, JH4, JH5, JH6, and JH7.
在電源分配板上, 從JH1, JH2, JH3, JH4, JH5, JH6, and JH7.斷開7個探測模塊線路
b) On the left APD board, disconnect the cables from JM1 and JM3.
在左側APD操作板,斷開JM1 和JM3的連接.
c) On the right APD board, disconnect the cables from JM1 and JM3.
在右側APD操作板,斷開JM1 和 JM3的連接.
d). On the gas control board, disconnect the cable from JT4.
在氣體控制面板,從JT4斷開線路.
Note: Lay the ribbon cables over the interface board to keep them out of the way.
注:將接口面板的線路安置妥當.
Using the 3/8" nut driver, remove the 3 nuts that secure the detector module to the chassis.
用3/8"螺帽裝置,卸下三個固定探測模塊的螺母.
Grasp the detector module by the inner heat sink on the laser tube and under JM3 on the left APD board. Refer to Figure 8n.
在激光管和左側的APD板的JM3上由內部熱力接收端抓住診斷模塊 .參考圖8n.
Lift straight up until the assembly clears the LGA chassis. Move the cables as needed to lift the detector module out.
向上提起直至LGA清潔完成.提起探測模塊過程中需要移動線路.

Figure 9n: Detector Module Replacement
Install the detector module as follows:
安裝探測模塊步驟如下:

Grasp the detector module by the inner heat sink on the laser tube and by JM3 on the left APD board. Refer to Figure 9n.
在激光管和左側的APD板的JM3上由內部熱力接收端抓住診斷模塊 .參考圖9n.
Note: Move the cables as needed.
注:需要移開線路.
Lower the detector module straight down onto the three studs. Using the 3/8" nut driver, install the three nuts.
垂直放低探測模塊于三個雙頭螺栓上.使用3/8" 螺母裝置,安裝好三個螺母.
Connect the sample line luer-fitting to the gas cell inlet filter.
將樣氣線luer-fitting連接到氣體入口過濾器上.
Connect the gas cell exhaust line to the pressure sensor on the gas control board.
將氣體出口線路連接到氣體控制面板的壓力傳感器上.
On the gas control board, connect the cable to JT4.
在氣體控制面板,連接電纜到JT4.
Connect these cables to the right APD board:
連接電纜到右側APD面板.
a) Interface board cable (JR5) to JM1. 接口板電纜(JR5)到TM5
b) Power distribution board cable (JH9) to JM3. 電源分配板電纜(JH9) 到 JM3
Connect these cables to the left APD board:
連接電纜到左側APD面板
a) Interface board cable (JR4) to JM1. 接口板電纜(JR4)到JM1
b) Power distribution board cable (JH10) to JM3.電源分配板電纜(JH10) 到JM3.
Connect these cables to the power distribution board:
連接這些電纜到電源分配板:
a) Photodiode cable to JH1. 光電二極管到JH1
b) Optics module cable to JH2. 光學器件模塊電纜到JH2
c) Temperature-controlled fan cable to JH3. 溫度控制風扇電纜到JH3
d) Prism heater/thermistor cable to JH4. 棱鏡加熱器電纜到JH4
e) The left APD cable (JM2) to JH5. APD左側電纜(JM2) to JH5
f) The right APD cable (JM2) to JH6APD右側電纜(JM2) to JH6
g) Laser power supply cable to JH7.激光電源供應電纜到JH7
Install the LGA unit cover.安裝LGA單元蓋子
Connect all ancillary devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor, network cable, etc) to the LGA.
連接所有輔助設備(鍵盤,鼠標,監視器,網絡線等)到LGA.
Plug the LGA it in and turn it on. 接通并打開LGA電源
Enter any linearization parameters provided with the detector module into the systems database on screen Cal-S.
在Cal-S屏輸入探測模塊提供的線性化參數到系統數據庫.
Recalibrate the LGA. 重新標定LGA
9.5.6 DESICCATOR CARTRIDGE REPLACEMENT
The desiccator cartridges are filled with beige-colored desiccant beads that remove moisture from the cooled detector cavity. The cartridges also contain indicating beads that are blue when the desiccant is good and pink when the desiccant is expired. The cartridges should be checked quarterly and be replaced if the desiccant is expired.
干燥盒內裝有米黃色干燥球,吸附濕氣.干燥和也包含指示顆粒,當干燥劑沒問題呈指示顆粒是藍色,若干燥劑過期指示劑呈粉紅色.干燥盒應季度性的檢查一下,若干燥劑過期需更換.

Power off the monitor. Disconnect the monitor from the AC power source.
關掉顯示器.斷開AC電源于顯示器的連接.
Remove the cover.移開蓋子.
Neoprene tubing connects each desiccator cartridge to the detector module. Carefully lift each of the four used desiccator cartridges from the detector.
合成橡膠管將每個干燥盒連接到探測模塊上.小心的將四個干燥盒提起.
While making sure the neoprene tubing remains in place between the new desiccator cartridge and the detector module, carefully press the desiccator into place. Make sure the barbed fitting on the detector module and the desiccator cartridge are both tightly connected to the tubing. The connection must be airtight.
確定合成橡膠管在新的干燥盒和探測模塊之間,小心的將干燥盒按入.確保在探測模塊和干燥劑連接到管.所有連接應是密封的.
Repeat step 4 for the three remaining three cartridges.剩余三個干燥盒操作重復步驟4
Install the cover.安裝蓋子

Figure 9o: Detector Module Desiccators
9.6 POWER ASSEMBLY 電源集合
The power assembly (Figure 9p) includes the line filter, the power supply, the power distribution board and the mounting bracket.
電源集合包括過濾器,電源供應,電源分流板和安裝架.

Figure 9p: Power Assembly

Figure 9q: Power Supply Adjustment Potentiometers

Figure 9r: Power Distribution Board Test Points
9.6.1 POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENTS電源供應電壓調整
Adjust the system power supply when voltages (displayed on the Analog screen) are out of specifications:
當電壓不符合規格時調節系統電源(顯示在 Analog 屏)

+5 Vdc supply (analog channel 6) should read between 5.0 and 5.15 Vdc.
+12 Vdc supply (analog channel 7) should read between 11.4 and 12.6 Vdc.
+5 Vdc供應 (analog channel 6) 應該在 5.0 和5.15 Vdc.之間
+12 Vdc 供應 (analog channel 7) 應該在11.4和12.6 Vdc. 之間

The system power supply is located beneath the detector module. It consists of a large horizontal board on which a smaller board is mounted vertically. The power supply must be at full electrical load (i.e. no components disconnected) during the adjustment period. The voltage trim potentiometers (Figure 9q) are accessed by removing the unit’s cover and front panel assembly.
系統電壓供應位于探測模塊下.包括大的水平板上裝有垂直的小面板.調節階段,電壓供應必須是滿負荷 (例如:無不連接部件).移開單元蓋子和前面板集合可看到整齊的電壓計(Figure 9q).
Equipment and tools:設備和工具:

Phillips screwdriver (#2)
DVM: Digital voltmeter, set to a 20-volt scale
Small, flat-blade screwdriver, 1/8" (nonconductive) or trimpot adjustment tool
Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#2)
DVM: 數字電壓表, 設定20-volt
Small, flat-blade screwdriver, 1/8" (nonconductive) or trimpot adjustment tool
3)小的，平口螺絲裝置，1/8" （非導體）或 trimpot 調整工具
Adjusting the System Power Supply:調節系統電源供應
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
關閉系統.關掉單元拔掉插頭.
Remove the analyzer cover.
移開分析儀蓋子.
Remove the front panel assembly.
移開前面板集合.
Locate the power supply voltage trim potentiometers (Figure 9q).
電源電壓表
a) The +5 V trimpot (R27) is located on the large horizontal board.
The +5 V trimpot (R27)位于大水平板上.
b) The +12 V trimpot (R18) is located on the small vertical board.
The +12 V trimpot (R18)位于小垂直面板
Locate the +5V and +12V test points located on the power distribution board(Figures 9p and 9r).
+5V和+12V試驗點位于電源分配板上（Figures 9p和9r）
Caution: Avoid contact with the unit’s internal components during the rest of this procedure to protect yourself from possible electric discharge.
注意:測試過程中,避免接觸單元內部部件.,保護自己免受可能發生的電流釋放傷害.
Plug the unit in and turn it on.
打開單元
Wait for the LGA program to startup and complete its startup/warm-up period.
等待LGA程序啟動完成啟動/預熱.
To adjust the +5 V reading,
調節+5 V
a) On the power distribution board, connect a digital voltmeter to GND (–) and to the +5 test point (+).
在電源分流面板,連接數字電壓表到GND (–) 和 +5 試驗點 (+).

b) Adjust +5V trimpot (R27) to read 5.10 ± 0.05 V on the DVM.
調節+5V trimpot (R27),在DVM讀取5.10 ± 0.05 V.
6) To adjust the +12 V reading,
調節+12 V
a) On the power distribution board, connect a digital voltmeter to GND (–) and to the +12 test point (+).
在電源分流面板,連接數字電壓表到GND (–) 和 +5 試驗點 (+).
b) Adjust +12V trimpot (R18) to read 12.0 ± 0.2 Vdc on the DVM.
調節+12V trimpot (R18),在DVM讀取12.0 ± 0.2 Vdc
7) Display the Analog screen:
顯示Analog屏
8) Verify the following:
驗證如下:
a) The +5 Vdc supply (analog channel 6) reads between 5.0 and 5.15 Vdc.
b) The +12 Vdc supply (analog channel 7) reads between 11.4 and 12.6 Vdc.
a) +5 Vdc 供應 (analog channel 6) 在5.0 和 5.15 Vdc之間
b) +12 Vdc 供應 (analog channel 7) 在 11.4和2.6 Vdc之間

Warning: The system power supply needs to be replaced if the voltages out of the defined specifications.
警告: 若電壓不在規定規格范圍內,系統電源供應需要重新安裝.
Warning: The APD high voltage values must be checked if the+12 Vdc power supply was adjusted. See section 9.6.2.
警告: 若+12 Vdc 電源供應被調整. 見 9.6.2部分. APD高壓值

Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
關閉系統,拔掉插頭.
Remove the voltmeter.
移開電壓表.
Install the front panel assembly.
安裝前面板集合.
Install the analyzer cover.
安裝分析儀蓋子.
9.6.2 APD HIGH VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT APD高壓調節
Adjust the APD power level when voltages (displayed on the Analog screen) are out of specifications:
當電壓(顯示在Analog 屏)不符合規格,調節APD 電源
Left APD Power (analog channel 4) should read between 289 and 291 Vdc.
Right APD Power (analog channel 13) should read between 289 and 291 Vdc.
左側APD電壓 (模擬通道 4) 在 289和291 Vdc之間.
右側APD電壓(模擬通道 13) 在289 和291 Vdc之間.
The APD power levels should be checked:
檢查APD電源:
After adjusting the +12 V system power supply.
After replacing the system power supply and/or the power distribution board.
在調節+12 V系統電源供應之后.
在重裝系統電源供應/電源分配板之后
Equipment and tools: 裝備和工具:
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
DVM: Digital voltmeter, set at or above a 300-volt scale
Small, flat-blade screwdriver, 1/8" (nonconductive) or trimpot adjustment tool
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
DVM: Digital voltmeter, 設定為300-volt scale
3)小的，平口螺絲裝置，1/8" （非導體）或 trimpot 調整工具
Adjusting the APD power level: 調節APD電源
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
Remove the analyzer cover.
關閉系統,拔掉電源.
裝好分析儀蓋子.
Caution: Avoid contact with the unit’s internal components during the rest of this procedure to protect yourself from possible electric discharge.
注意: 測試過程中,避免接觸單元內部部件.,保護自己免受可能發生的電流釋放傷害.
On the power distribution board, connect a digital voltmeter to GND (–) and to the HV (+) test point. Refer to Figures 9p and 9r.
在電源分配板上,連接電壓表 GND (–) 和HV (+)試驗點
.參考Figures 9p and 9r.
Plug the unit in and turn it on. Wait for the LGA program to startup and complete its startup/warm-up period.
連接插頭,打開單元.等待LGA程序啟動,完成啟動/預熱.
Display the Analog screen: 顯示Analog 屏:
Locate VR1 on the power distribution board (Figure 9r) and adjust it to read 290.0 ± 1.0 volts on the DVM.
將VR1置于電源分配(Figure 9r),在DVM上調節至290.0 ± 1.0 volts .
Verify that:核實:
a) The Left APD Power (analog channel 4) reads 290.0 ±1.0 Vdc.
b) The Right APD Power (analog channel 13) reads 290.0 ± 1.0 Vdc.
a) 左側 APD 電源(模擬通道 4) 讀取290.0 ±1.0 Vdc.
b) 右側 APD 電源 (模擬通道 13)讀取 290.0 ± 1.0 Vdc.
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
關閉系統,拔掉插頭.
Remove the voltmeter.
移開電壓表.
Install the analyzer cover.
安裝分析儀蓋子.
9.6.3 POWER ASSEMBLY REMOVAL電源集合拆除
This procedure assumes:
步驟如下:
The unit is OFF and unplugged. 系統斷電,拔掉插頭.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external plumbing lines (sample and exhaust).
斷開LGA單元和外部泵管線 (采樣和排放口)連接.
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
將LGA單元移到干凈環境,放置于水平工作臺(桌子或工作臺)
The cover has been removed.
移開蓋子.
The front panel assembly has been detached from the chassis.
將前面板集合從機殼上卸下.
Equipment and tools:設備和工具
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
Open-end wrench, 5/16"
Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#2)
扳手 5/16"

? Phillips screwdriver, 10" (#2)

Disconnect the APD power cables
斷開APD電源電纜
Note: It is not necessary to disconnect the system power supply cable from JH11 on the power distribution board.:
注:不一定要斷開電源分配板JH11上的系統電源供應電纜.
a) While facing the front of the analyzer, disconnect the cable from connector JM3 on the left APD board.
當面對分析儀前面時,斷開左APD板上JM3的電纜.
b) While facing the front of the monitor, disconnect the cable from connector JM3 on the right APD board.
當面對監視器前面時,斷開右APD板上JM3的電纜.
c) On the power distribution board, disconnect the right APD cable from JH6. Mark it for reinstallation.
在電源分配板上,斷開右側APD電纜和JN6的連接.
d) On the power distribution board, disconnect the left APD cable from JH5. Mark it for reinstallation.
在電源分配板上,斷開左側APD電纜與JH5.
Disconnect the cables listed below from the front of the power distribution board (mark them for reinstallation):
斷開電源分配板前面如下所列線路(重裝做好標記)
a) Photo diode cable from JH4.
b) Optics module cable from JH2.
c) Temperature fan cable from JH3.
d) Prism heater and thermistor cable from JH1.
e) Laser power supply cable from JH7.
f) APD fan cable from JH13.
g) Gas control board cable from JH14.
a) 光電二級管電纜和 JH4.
b) 光學模塊電纜和 JH2.
c) 溫度風扇電纜和JH3.
d) 棱鏡加熱器,熱敏電阻電纜和JH1.
e) 激光電源供應電纜和 JH7.
f) APD 風扇電纜和JH13.
g) 氣體控制板電纜和 JH14.
Disconnect the cables listed below from the back of the power distribution board:
斷開后電源板上所列如下線:
a) CPU board cables (2) from JH16 and JH17. Mark the cables for
reinstallation.
JH16 和 JH17同CPU電纜板(方便重裝做好標記)
b) Interface board cable from JH18.
接口板電纜同JH18
On both sides of the detector module, remove the 2 screws in the power supply assembly bracket corners. Save the screws for reinstallation.
在探測模塊兩側,卸下兩個螺絲,放好以備安裝使用.
Lift the front of the power supply assembly to clear the tab, then pull the assembly straight out until the AC power connection is exposed.
提起電源供應集合前面,清潔tab,然后垂直拉出集合,直到看到AC電源連接.
Remove the AC power cable:移動AC電源線
a) Note the location, then disconnect the 3 fast-on connectors from the line side of the line filter.
注意位置,斷開3 fast-on 和過濾器管線
b) Use the open-end wrench (5/16") to remove the nut and power cable shield ground.
使用open-end wrench (5/16")卸下螺母和電纜屏蔽接地.
Remove the power assembly from the chassis.
從機殼上卸下電源集合.

Figure 9s: Power Assembly Replacement
9.6.4 POWER ASSEMBLY INSTALLATION 電源集合安裝
WARNING: Before proceeding, make sure the power supply assembly is configured for the proper line voltage. In the upper left quadrant of the power supply board, the 120V connector is between D7 and L3 and the 240V connector is next to C4; make sure the orange wire is connected to the proper one for the local line voltage.
警告:繼續之間,確保電源集合設定在合適的線電壓. 在電源供應板的左上部,120伏的連接器處于D7和L3之間,240伏的連接器接近C4;確保橙色線連接到合適線路確保合適的線電壓.

From the front of the monitor, slide the power assembly in at an angle until the AC power cable is close enough to connect.
Note: Hold the APD fan cable so it doesn’t get pinched.
從監視器前,將電源集合呈一定角度滑入,直到AC電源線路足夠連接.
注:握住APD電扇線免受擠壓.
Install the AC power cable: 安裝AC電源線
a) Connect the power cable shield ground wire and secure it with the nut,
using the open-end wrench (5/16") to tighten the nut.
連接電源電纜的屏蔽地線并用螺母固定,使用開口扳(5/16")擰緊螺母.
b) Connect the three fast-on connectors to the line side of the line filter as
noted when they were removed.
連接三個fast-on 到過濾器管線.
Carefully, tip and slide the power supply assembly in, then down when it clears the tab.
仔細的將電源供應集合滑進
On both sides of the detector module, install the two screws in each corner of the power supply assembly bracket.
在探測模塊兩側,安裝兩個螺絲在每個電源集合托架中心.
Connect these cables to the back of the power distribution board:
將如下電纜連接到電源分配板背部.
a) CPU board cables (2) to JH16 and JH17.
CPU 板電纜 (2)到 JH16 和 JH17
b) Interface board cable to JH18.
接口板電纜 to JH18.
Connect these cables to the front of the power distribution board:
連接如下電纜到電源分配板前面
a) Photo diode cable to JH4.
光電二極管電纜到 JH4.
b) Optics module cable to JH2.
光學器件模塊電纜到 JH2.
c) Temperature fan cable to JH3.
調溫電扇電纜到 JH3.
d) Prism heater and thermistor cable to JH1.
棱鏡加熱器和熱敏電阻電纜到 JH1.
e) Laser power supply cable to JH7.
激光電源供應電纜到 JH7.
f) APD fan cable to JH13.
APD 電扇電纜到 JH13.
g) Gas control board cable to JH14.
氣體控制板電纜到 JH14.
Connect the APD power cables:
連接APD電源電纜:
a) Connect the cable at J4 on the power distribution board to JM3 on the left APD board.
連接電源分配板上的J4到左側APD板上的JM3
b) Connect the cable at J3 on the power distribution board to JH3 on the right APD board.
連接電源分配板上的J3到右側APD板上的JH3
c) Connect the cable at JM2 on the right APD board to JH6 on the power
distribution board.
連接APD板右側的JM2到電源分配板上的JH6.
d) Connect the cable at JM2 on the left APD board to JH5 on the power
distribution board.
連接APD板左側的JM2到電源分配板上的JH5.
After the LGA unit is reassembled, the following tests must be performed:
在LGA重裝后,需進行如下測試:
Check the +5 V and +12 V readings as described in section 9.6.1.

Check the HV R and HV L readings as described in section 9.6.2.

檢查 +5 V和 +12 V如 9.6.1部分所描述.

檢查 the HV R和 HV L如 9.6.2部分所描述.

9.7 POWER INPUT MODULE 電源輸入模塊
The power input module includes the power cord receptacle, power on/off switch, and fuses.
電源輸入模塊包括電源卡容器,電源開關和保險絲.
9.7.1 FUSE REPLACEMENT 更換保險絲
Equipment and tools: Small, flat-blade screwdriver
設備和工具: 小的, 平口螺絲裝置
WARNING 警告
Fire hazard—For continued protection against fire hazard, replace only with the same type and rating of fuse.
火災隱患—為進一步防范火災隱患,更換同種型號和電阻的保險絲.
CAUTION: Voltage—Always make sure the unit is set up to operate at the AC mains line voltage present at the “wall” receptacle.
注意:電壓—確保單元安裝的交流線電壓在“wall”容器里.
Replacement Procedure:更換步驟

Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
關閉單元拔掉插頭.
Use a small flat-blade screwdriver to pry up and pull out the fuse cartridge assembly. Hold the assembly so the two fuses do not fall out as you withdraw the assembly.
使用小的平口螺絲裝置將保險集合取出.
Replace each blown fuse with one of the same rating and reinsert the fuse cartridge assembly. Pry up catch on fuse holder. Fuse holder, top view, with fuses removed.
利用相同電阻的保險絲來替換每個棕色保險絲,再將電阻絲集合放回原位.

Figure 9t: Power Input Module & Fuse Replacement
9.7.2 POWER INPUT MODULE REPLACEMENT 電源輸入模塊更換
This procedure assumes: 步驟如下:

The unit is OFF and unplugged.
關閉單元拔下插頭.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external plumbing lines (sample and exhaust).
LGA單元斷開所有外部泵的管線 (采樣和排出).
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
LGA單元移到干凈的環境,放置于水平工作平臺(桌子或工作臺)
The cover has been removed.
已經移下蓋子.
The flow control assembly has been removed.
卸下流量控制集合
Equipment and tools: 設備和工具
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
Small flat-blade screwdriver
Pocket steel ruler, 6"
Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#2)
小的平口螺絲裝置
3)口袋鋼尺, 6"
Figures 9c and 9t show an external view of the power input module. Internally, the module is located under the flow control assembly. It is covered by a form-fitting rubber boot to prevent electrical shock. Depending on the LGA model, the module is held in place with either two screws or two plastic retaining tabs.
Figures 9c and 9t顯示了電源輸入模塊的外部輪廓.內部,模塊位于流量控制集合下部,被form-fitting橡膠套包裹以防電擊.依據不同的LGA型號, 模塊被兩個螺絲或塑膠retaining tabs固定.
Replacement Procedure: 安裝步驟
Slide the rubber boot back to expose the module’s retaining tabs or screws.
滑動橡膠塊到暴露的組件 retaining tabs 或螺絲.
Plastic Tab Model: 塑膠Tab Model
a) Use a small, flat-blade screwdriver to depress the top retaining tab and tilt the upper part of the module out.
使用小的平口螺絲裝置給頂端retaining tab減壓,從模塊上部擰出.
Note: To see the bottom tab, look through the hole that the power cord
plugs into in the AC input connector.
注: 看tab底部, 找電源卡插頭連接交流電源的位置.
b) From the bottom of the monitor, slide the steel pocket ruler straight up into the hole that the argon tank passes through. Slide it through the gap
between the back of the chassis and the sheet metal sleeve the tank rests in. Push until the bottom tab depresses. Then, pull the module out the back of the chassis.
從監視器底部,將鋼板尺垂直提起,插入氬氣罐穿過的口中,在機殼背部和金屬套管支架間的間隙, 拖動鋼板尺.推動直到tab底部減壓然后將模塊托出機殼背部.
Screw Model:
a) Use a Phillips screwdriver to remove both the top and bottom screws.
使用Phillips screwdriver卸下頂部和底部的螺絲.
b) Pull the module out the back of the chassis.
將模塊從機殼后面取出.
Unplug the line filter cable from the old module. Then, plug the line filter cable into the new module.
從舊模塊上拔下過濾器管線,然后將過濾器管線插入新模塊.
a) Remove the ground wire from the chassis ground lug.
從機殼凸出接地處卸下地線.
b) Attach the new ground wire to the lug, passing the wire through the hole in the boot.
將新的地線連接到凸出位,將線串入套口.
Plastic Tab Model: Press the new AC power input module into the cutout until both tabs snap into place.
Plastic Tab Model: 按新的交流電源進入模塊直到tabs到位.
Screw Model: Press the new AC power input module into the cutout and install the top and bottom screws that hold it in place.
Screw Model: 按新的交流電源進入模塊并安裝低部和頂部螺絲.
Push the rubber boot back up over the power module.
將橡膠套推回越過電源模塊.
9.8 FLOW CONTROL ASSEMBLY 流量控制集合
The flow control assembly includes the sample pump, the gas control circuit board (with the flow and pressure sensors) and the assembly mounting-bracket.
流量控制集合包括樣氣泵,氣體控制電路板(帶流量和壓力傳感器)和集合安裝支架.

Figure 9u: Flow Control Assembly
9.8.1 CELL PRESSURE SENSOR CALIBRATION 介質壓力傳感器標定
When the LGA sample pump is off, the cell pressure should be within ± 10 mm Hg of the local atmospheric pressure. The sensor should be checked-out every six months and after any component replacement.
Barometric pressure (atmospheric pressure corrected to sea level) readings can be obtained from various sources: local weather stations, airports and possibly barometric pressure measuring instruments at User’s facility. Atmospheric pressure can be calculated from the barometric pressure and installation altitude (feet above sea level) using the following equation.
當LGA樣氣泵關閉,介質壓力應該在當地大氣壓力± 10 mm Hg之內.傳感器應該每六個月檢修一次,在任何部件替換后也要檢修.氣壓計壓力(氣壓調至海平面壓力)讀取值可從不同途徑獲得:當地氣象站,機場和任何用戶可能具備的氣壓測量設備.大氣壓力可通過氣壓計壓力和安裝高度(海平面以上距離)計算,公式如下:
Pa = Pb * K where
Pa = atmospheric pressure
Pb = barometric pressure
K = altitude correction factor from table
其中Pa = Pb * K
Pa = 大氣壓力
Pb =氣壓計壓力
K =標內所列海拔修正因素
Pressure Correction For Altitude
海拔壓力修正
海拔修正海拔修正海拔修正
Feet K Feet K Feet K
1 1.0000 2000 0.9298 4000 0.8637
100 0.9964 2100 0.9264 4100 0.8605
200 0.9928 2200 0.9230 4200 0.8573
300 0.9892 2300 0.9196 4300 0.8541
400 0.9856 2400 0.9163 4400 0.8509
500 0.9821 2500 0.9129 4500 0.8477
600 0.9785 2600 0.9096 4600 0.8446
700 0.9750 2700 0.9062 4700 0.8414
800 0.9714 2800 0.9029 4800 0.8383
900 0.9679 2900 0.8996 4900 0.8352
1000 0.9644 3000 0.8962 5000 0.8320
1100 0.9609 3100 0.8929 5100 0.8289
1200 0.9574 3200 0.8896 5200 0.8258
1300 0.9539 3300 0.8864 5300 0.5227
1400 0.9504 3400 0.8831 5400 0.8197
1500 0.9470 3500 0.8798 5500 0.8166
1600 0.9435 3600 0.8766 5600 0.8135
1700 0.9401 3700 0.8733 5700 0.8105
1800 0.9366 3800 0.8701 5800 0.8074
1900 0.9332 3900 0.8669 5900 0.8044

Equipment and tools:設備和工具

Phillips screwdriver (#2)
Small, flat-blade screwdriver, 1/8" (nonconductive) or trimpot adjustment tool
Adjusting the cell pressure sensor: 調節介質壓力傳感器
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
關閉系統,關閉單元拔掉插頭.
Remove the analyzer cover.
卸下分析儀蓋子.
Locate the gas control board and trim potentiometer VR3. Refer to Figure 9u.
氣體控制板和電位計 VR3.參看Figure9u.
Plug the unit in and turn it on. Wait for the LGA program to startup.
連接電源打開單元.等待LGA程序啟動.
After the system completes its startup/warm-up period, put the system into Manual Mode (screen ManCtrl).
當系統完成啟動/預熱階段,進入手動模式(ManCtrl屏).
Select the Box Gas sampling port and turn the sampling pump OFF.
選擇樣氣進口并關閉樣氣泵.
Display the Analog screen to observe the pressure signal (counts) and value (mm Hg). Cell pressure is analog channel 15.
顯示Analog 屏獲得壓力信號(counts)和值(mm Hg),介質壓力為模擬通道15.
Use a small, flat-blade screwdriver to adjust trimpot VR3 until the cell
pressure value equals (±1 mm Hg) the local barometric pressure, not corrected to sea level.
使用小的，平口螺絲裝置調節trimpot VR3直到介質壓力值等于(±1 mm Hg)當地氣壓計壓力, 對海平面不正確.
a) Decrease the pressure by turning VR3 clockwise.
順時針轉動VR3降低壓力
b) Increase the pressure by turning VR3 counterclockwise.
逆時針轉動VR3增加壓力.
Shutdown the system. Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
關閉系統,關閉單元拔掉插頭.
Properly route all wires and cables inside the analyzer and install the analyzer cover.
合理安排分析儀內部線路和電纜,安裝好分析儀蓋子.
WARNING: The LGA unit should be re-calibrated after any adjustment of the cell pressure sensor.
警告;LGA單元應該在任何一次調整介質壓力傳感器后重新進行標定.
9.8.2 PUMP TUNING 泵調諧
Measure pump frequency (Hz) at the pump power connector (JT6) and adjust the PWM trimpot (Figure 9u) until it reads 59 Hz.
在泵電源連接 (JT6)測量泵頻率,調整PWM trimpot (Figure 9u)到讀取59Hz.
9.8.3 FLOW CONTROL ASSEMBLY REMOVAL & INSTALLATION 流量控制集合拆卸&安裝
This removal/installation procedure assumes:
拆卸/安裝步驟如下:
The unit is OFF and unplugged.
單元關閉,拔掉電源.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external 泵的管線 (采樣和排氣).
LGA單元已經斷開所有外部泵的管線 (采樣和排氣).
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
LGA單元被移到清潔的環境放置于水平工作表面(桌子或工作臺)
The cover has been removed.
取下蓋子.
The front panel assembly has been detached from the chassis.
前面板集合從機殼中分離.
Equipment and Tools: Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#2)
設備和工具: Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#2)
The flow control assembly is removed as follows:
流量控制集合拆卸步驟如下:
Disconnect the cables from connectors JT1 and JT4 on the gas control board(Figure 9u).
在氣體控制板上,斷開JT1 和 JT4的線路連接. (Figure 9u).
Disconnect the pneumatic line connecting the gas-cell exhaust filter with the pressure sensors on the gas-board by undoing the luer connection in the line.
在氣體控制板上,斷開連接氣體介質的排氣過濾器和壓力傳感器的氣動管線
Remove the four screws that fasten the flow control assembly mounting-bracket to the analyzer chassis (Figure 9v). Set them aside for reinstallation.
擰下固定流量控制集合安裝架的螺絲(Figure 9v),放置好以備安裝時使用.
Carefully, lift the flow control assembly out of the chassis.
謹慎的將流量控制單元提出機殼.
Installation is accomplished by reversing the removal procedure.
安裝步驟以倒序參考拆卸步驟.

Figure 9v: Flow Control Assembly Replacement
9.9 COMPUTER ASSEMBLY 計算機集合
This procedure assumes: 步驟如下:

The unit is OFF and unplugged.
單元關閉,拔掉插頭.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external plumbing lines (sample and exhaust).
LGA單元已經斷開所有外部泵的管線 (采樣和排氣).
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment
and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
LGA單元被移到清潔的環境并放置于水平工作表面(桌子或工作臺)
The cover has been removed.
取下蓋子.
The front panel assembly has been detached from the chassis.
前面板集合從機殼中分離.
Equipment and tools: Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#1 and #2)
設備和工具: Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#1 and #2)
The system computer assembly is removed as follows:
系統計算機集合拆卸如下:
Disconnect all external computer-related cables. This may include video monitor, keyboard, mouse, network, etc.
切斷所有外部和計算機相關的電纜連接.可能包括視頻監視器,鍵盤,鼠標,網絡等.
2). Disconnect the following cables from the LGA interface board:
在LGA界面板上切斷如下電纜連接.
a) JR1 - Power Distribution Board Cable
b) JR2 - Gas Control Board Cable
c) JR3 – Specialized IO Cable (non-standard option)
d) JR4 - Left APD Board Cable
e) JR5 - Right APD Board Cable
a) JR1 - Power Distribution Board Cable JR1-電源分配板電纜
b) JR2 - Gas Control Board Cable JR2 -氣體控制板電纜
c) JR3 – Specialized IO Cable (non-standard option) JR3 –特殊IO電纜（非標準）
d) JR4 - Left APD Board Cable JR4 -左側APD板電纜
e) JR5 - Right APD Board Cable JR5 -右側APD板電纜
Disconnect the following cables from the motherboard:
切斷主板和如下電纜的連接;
a) Motherboard power cable主板電源電纜
b) CPU fan cable CPU風扇電纜
c) Speaker cable 揚聲器電纜
Disconnect the power cable from the hard drive.
切斷硬盤驅動和電源電纜的連接.
Note: As you complete this procedure, be sure to set the screws and boards you remove aside for reinstallation.
注:當完成這一步驟,一定要將拆卸下來的螺絲和控制板放置好以備安裝使用.
Remove the computer assembly (refer to Figure 9w):
卸下計算機集合(參考Figure 9w):
a) Use a #2 Phillips screwdriver to remove the four screws that secure the computer assembly to the analyzer chassis (2 on the back, 1 on the inside at the back, and 1 on the side near the front).
用一個 #2 Phillips 螺絲裝置擰下四個將計算機集合固定在分析儀機殼上的螺絲(兩個在背面,一個在背面內部,一個在側面)
b) Grasp the computer assembly at each end and carefully lift it straight up and out.
抓住計算機集合底部,小心的將其直上直下的取出.
Components of the computer assembly may now be serviced using standard computer/electronics servicing techniques/procedures.
計算機集合的部件可能正處于標準計算機維護/電子技術維護/過程.
Installation is accomplished by reversing the removal procedure.
安裝步驟以倒序參考拆卸步驟.

Figure 9w: Computer Assembly Replacement

Figure 9x: LGA Interface Board
9.10 APD COOLING FAN APD冷風扇
The APD cooling fan is located on the chassis floor beneath the detector module. The fan draws in air through an L-shaped filter located on the analyzer’s bottom and back panel.
APD冷風扇位于探測模塊下.
9.10.1 AIR INLET FILTER CLEANING 進氣過濾器清潔
Excessive dust buildup on the inlet air filter may cause a cooling system malfunction, improper calibration, and/or inaccurate analysis. (Overheating can also be caused by installed flow restrictors; section 9.10.2).
過多的粉塵堆積于進氣過濾器可能導致制冷系統的故障,不正常的標定和不準確的分析(安裝限流器可導致過熱,9.10.2部分)
The filter media is accessed by loosening the two screws at the top of the filter retainer on the analyzer’s back panel. It can be cleaned with compressed air or rinsing with clean water. Make sure washed filter is dry before reinstalling.
擰開分析儀背面板頂部螺絲可看到過濾介質,可用壓縮空去清潔或使用清潔水漂洗.確保洗過的過濾器在安裝前是干的.
9.10.2 AIR INLET FLOW RESTRICTORS 限流器
The analyzer’s analytical cell is designed to operate at 105 °F (nominal). If the temperature at the installation location is too cold (typically <85 °F), the cooling fan operation may over-cool the cell. Desktop LGA units are shipped with two flow-blocking plates (Figure9y) installed inside the filter support chassis (hidden by the filter media). The solid plate lays on top of the horizontal section of filter media; the plate with a hole in it is installed behind the vertical section of filter media.
分析儀的分析介質設定操作溫度為105 °F (正常).若在安裝地的溫度過冷(typically <85 °F),冷風扇運行會導致介質過冷,臺式LGA單元
有兩個流動板(Figure9y)限流,安裝在底板上.固體板在過濾介質水平部分頂部;帶孔的板安裝在過濾介質垂直部分后面.
If the prism and cell temperatures are too hot (>106 °F), one or both of the restrictor plates may need to be removed. If the prism and cell temperatures are too cold (<104 °F), one or both of the restrictor plates may need to be installed.
若棱鏡和介質只溫度過熱(>106 °F),卸下一個或兩個限流器.若棱鏡和介質溫度過冷(<104 °F),需將一個或兩個限流器重新安裝好.

Figure 9y: Inlet Filter Flow Restrictors
9.10.3 APD COOLING FAN REPLACEMENTAPD冷風扇安裝
This procedure assumes: 步驟如下:

The unit is OFF and unplugged.
單元關閉,拔掉插頭.
The LGA unit has been disconnected from all external plumbing lines (sample and exhaust).
LGA單元已經斷開所有外部泵的管線 (采樣和排氣).
The LGA unit has been move to a clean (dust-free) environment
and is sitting on a horizontal work surface (desk or workbench).
LGA單元被移到清潔的環境放置于水平工作表面(桌子或工作臺)
The cover has been removed.
取下蓋子.
The front panel assembly has been detached from the chassis.
前面板集合從機殼中分離.
Equipment and tools:設備和工具:
Phillips screwdriver (#2)
3/8" nut driver (preferably with magnet) or socket wrench
Hex driver, 7/64"
Phillips螺絲刀 (#2)
3/8" 螺帽裝置 (帶磁) 或扳鉗
Hex 裝置, 7/64"

The APD cooling fan is removed as follows:
APD冷風扇拆卸如下:

Remove the detector module (section 9.5.5).
卸下探測模塊(9.5.5部分).
Disconnect the APD fan cable from JH13 on the power distribution board.
斷開電源分配板上的JH13和APD風扇電纜的連接.
Use a 7/64" hex driver to remove the four hex-head screws that secure the fan to the chassis. Set them aside for reinstallation.
使用 7/64" hex 裝置移出固定風扇的螺絲,放置好以備安裝使用.
Installation is accomplished by reversing the removal procedure.
安裝步驟以倒序參考拆卸步驟.

Figure 9z: APD Cooling Fan Replacement
9.11 AUXILIARY COOLING FAN 輔助冷風扇
The auxiliary cooling fan is mounted on the outside of the back of the analyzer chassis.
輔助冷風扇安裝于分析儀機殼背面外側.
Equipment and tools: Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#1 and #2)
設備和工具: Phillips 螺絲裝置 (#1 and #2)
Replacement Procedure:安裝步驟

Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
單元關閉,拔掉插頭.
Remove the analyzer’s cover.
卸下蓋子.
Disconnect the fan cable from JH3 on the power distribution board.
切斷電源分流板上JH3與風扇電纜的連接.
Use a Phillips screwdriver (#1) to remove the two screws that fasten the fan housing to the back panel. Hinge the fan to the left and pull it out.
使用飛利浦螺絲裝置 (#1)卸下背板上固定風扇的螺絲.將風扇轉到左側取出.
5). Place the new fan in the fan housing and hinge the housing into the chassis. Install the two screws that secure it to the analyzer chassis.
將新風扇放置機殼內.安裝好螺絲,將風扇固定在分析儀機殼上.
Connect the fan cable to JH3 on the power distribution board.
將風扇電纜連接到電源分配板上的JH3.
Fan Test: To verify the new fan is working properly:
風扇檢測:檢驗新風扇工作是否正常.
a) Locate the power distribution board’s ground test pin (GND) and connect one end of a jumper wire to it. Locate connector JH2 on the power distribution board. In step 7c, the other end of the jumper wire will be touched to JH2: pin-4 (fourth pin from the top of connector JH2).
定位好電源分流板的接地試驗針(GND),連接上跳線的一端.定位好JH2在電源分流板上.在步驟7c,跳線的另一端會接觸JH2: 針-4 (從JH2頂部開始的第四根針).
b) After ensuring that nothing is shorted, plug the unit in and turn it on.
確定沒有短路后,連接好插頭打開電源.
c) Carefully, touch and remove (momentary contact) the loose end of the
jumper wire to JH2:pin-4.
小心的碰觸和移動(暫時的接觸)跳線松動端到JH2:針-4.
d) Verify that the fan rotates quietly and then slows to a halt within a few
seconds after the jumper is removed.
卸下跳線后,檢驗風扇是否安靜轉動,會在幾秒鐘內慢慢停止.
e) Turn the unit OFF and unplug it.
關閉單元,拔掉插頭.
Install the analyzer’s cover.
安裝分析儀蓋子.