Java 家庭物聯網

家庭物聯網系統的代碼和說明，包括用戶認證、設備控制、數據監控、通知和警報、日志記錄以及WebSocket實時更新功能。

### 項目結構

```plaintext
home-iot-system
├── backend
│ ? └── src
│ ? ? ? └── main
│ ? ? ? ? ? └── java
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? └── com
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? └── example
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? └── homeiot
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ├── config
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ├── controller
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ├── model
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ├── repository
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ├── service
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ├── websocket
│ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? └── HomeIotApplication.java
├── frontend
│ ? ├── public
│ ? └── src
│ ? ? ? ├── components
│ ? ? ? ├── pages
│ ? ? ? ├── services
│ ? ? ? └── App.js
├── pom.xml
└── package.json
```

### 后端（Spring Boot）

#### `pom.xml`

```xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
? ? ? ? ?xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
? ? ? ? ?xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://www.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
? ? <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
? ? <groupId>com.example</groupId>
? ? <artifactId>home-iot-system</artifactId>
? ? <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
? ? <dependencies>
? ? ? ? <dependency>
? ? ? ? ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
? ? ? ? </dependency>
? ? ? ? <dependency>
? ? ? ? ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
? ? ? ? </dependency>
? ? ? ? <dependency>
? ? ? ? ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
? ? ? ? </dependency>
? ? ? ? <dependency>
? ? ? ? ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
? ? ? ? </dependency>
? ? ? ? <dependency>
? ? ? ? ? ? <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
? ? ? ? ? ? <scope>runtime</scope>
? ? ? ? </dependency>
? ? ? ? <dependency>
? ? ? ? ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
? ? ? ? </dependency>
? ? </dependencies>
? ? <build>
? ? ? ? <plugins>
? ? ? ? ? ? <plugin>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
? ? ? ? ? ? </plugin>
? ? ? ? </plugins>
? ? </build>
</project>
```

#### `HomeIotApplication.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class HomeIotApplication {
? ? public static void main(String[] args) {
? ? ? ? SpringApplication.run(HomeIotApplication.class, args);
? ? }
}
```

#### 用戶認證和角色管理

##### `SecurityConfig.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.config;

import com.example.homeiot.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;

@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

? ? private final UserService userService;

? ? public SecurityConfig(UserService userService) {
? ? ? ? this.userService = userService;
? ? }

? ? @Override
? ? protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
? ? ? ? auth.userDetailsService(userService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
? ? }

? ? @Override
? ? protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
? ? ? ? http
? ? ? ? ? ? .csrf().disable()
? ? ? ? ? ? .authorizeRequests()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .antMatchers("/api/**").authenticated()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .anyRequest().permitAll()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .and()
? ? ? ? ? ? .formLogin()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .and()
? ? ? ? ? ? .httpBasic();
? ? }

? ? @Bean
? ? public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
? ? ? ? return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
? ? }
}
```

##### `Role.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.model;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
public class Role {
? ? @Id
? ? @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
? ? private Long id;
? ? private String name;

? ? @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "roles")
? ? private Set<User> users;

? ? // getters and setters
}
```

##### `User.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.model;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.Set;

@Entity
public class User {
? ? @Id
? ? @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
? ? private Long id;
? ? private String username;
? ? private String password;

? ? @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
? ? @JoinTable(
? ? ? name = "user_role",?
? ? ? joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "user_id"),?
? ? ? inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "role_id"))
? ? private Set<Role> roles;

? ? // getters and setters
}
```

##### `UserRepository.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.repository;

import com.example.homeiot.model.User;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends CrudRepository<User, Long> {
? ? User findByUsername(String username);
}
```

##### `RoleRepository.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.repository;

import com.example.homeiot.model.Role;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

public interface RoleRepository extends CrudRepository<Role, Long> {
}
```

##### `UserService.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.service;

import com.example.homeiot.model.User;
import com.example.homeiot.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;

@Service
public class UserService implements UserDetailsService {
? ? @Autowired
? ? private UserRepository userRepository;

? ? @Autowired
? ? private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;

? ? public User save(User user) {
? ? ? ? user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword()));
? ? ? ? return userRepository.save(user);
? ? }

? ? public User findByUsername(String username) {
? ? ? ? return userRepository.findByUsername(username);
? ? }

? ? @Override
? ? public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
? ? ? ? User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username);
? ? ? ? if (user == null) {
? ? ? ? ? ? throw new UsernameNotFoundException("User not found");
? ? ? ? }
? ? ? ? return org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .withUsername(username)
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .password(user.getPassword())
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .authorities(user.getRoles().stream()
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .map(role -> "ROLE_" + role.getName().toUpperCase())
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .toArray(String[]::new))
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? .build();
? ? }
}
```

#### 設備數據監控和日志記錄

##### `Device.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@Entity
public class Device {
? ? @Id
? ? @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
? ? private Long id;
? ? private String name;
? ? private String status;
? ? private String data;
? ? private LocalDateTime lastUpdated;

? ? // getters and setters
}
```

##### `DeviceLog.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@Entity
public class DeviceLog {
? ? @Id
? ? @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
? ? private Long id;
? ? private Long deviceId;
? ? private String status;
? ? private String data;
? ? private LocalDateTime timestamp;

? ? // getters and setters
}
```

##### `DeviceLogRepository.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.repository;

import com.example.homeiot.model.DeviceLog;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

import java.util.List;

public interface DeviceLogRepository extends CrudRepository<DeviceLog, Long> {
? ? List<DeviceLog> findByDeviceId(Long deviceId);
}
```

##### `DeviceRepository.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.repository;

import com.example.homeiot.model.Device;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

public interface DeviceRepository extends CrudRepository<Device, Long> {
}
```

##### `DeviceService.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.service;

import com.example.homeiot.model.Device;
import com.example.homeiot.model.DeviceLog;
import com.example.homeiot.repository.DeviceLogRepository;
import com.example.homeiot.repository.DeviceRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class DeviceService {
? ? @Autowired
? ? private DeviceRepository deviceRepository;

? ? @Autowired
? ? private DeviceLogRepository deviceLogRepository;

? ? @Autowired
? ? private SimpMessagingTemplate messagingTemplate;

? ? public List<Device> getAllDevices() {
? ? ? ? return (List<Device>) deviceRepository.findAll();
? ? }

? ? public Device addDevice(Device device) {
? ? ? ? device.setLastUpdated(LocalDateTime.now());
? ? ? ? return deviceRepository.save(device);
? ? }

? ? public Device updateDeviceStatus(Long id, String status) {
? ? ? ? Device device = deviceRepository.findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("Device not found"));
? ? ? ? device.setStatus(status);
? ? ? ? device.setLastUpdated(LocalDateTime.now());
? ? ? ? deviceRepository.save(device);

? ? ? ? DeviceLog log = new DeviceLog();
? ? ? ? log.setDeviceId(id);
? ? ? ? log.setStatus(status);
? ? ? ? log.setTimestamp(LocalDateTime.now());
? ? ? ? deviceLogRepository.save(log);

? ? ? ? messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/devices", device);

? ? ? ? return device;
? ? }

? ? public List<DeviceLog> getDeviceLogs(Long deviceId) {
? ? ? ? return deviceLogRepository.findByDeviceId(deviceId);
? ? }
}
```

##### `DeviceController.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.controller;

import com.example.homeiot.model.Device;
import com.example.homeiot.model.DeviceLog;
import com.example.homeiot.service.DeviceService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/devices")
public class DeviceController {
? ? @Autowired
? ? private DeviceService deviceService;

? ? @GetMapping
? ? public List<Device> getAllDevices() {
? ? ? ? return deviceService.getAllDevices();
? ? }

? ? @PostMapping
? ? public Device addDevice(@RequestBody Device device) {
? ? ? ? return deviceService.addDevice(device);
? ? }

? ? @PutMapping("/{id}/status")
? ? public Device updateDeviceStatus(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestParam String status) {
? ? ? ? return deviceService.updateDeviceStatus(id, status);
? ? }

? ? @GetMapping("/{id}/logs")
? ? public List<DeviceLog> getDeviceLogs(@PathVariable Long id) {
? ? ? ? return deviceService.getDeviceLogs(id);
? ? }

? ? @MessageMapping("/changeStatus")
? ? @SendTo("/topic/devices")
? ? public Device changeDeviceStatus(Device device) {
? ? ? ? return deviceService.updateDeviceStatus(device.getId(), device.getStatus());
? ? }
}
```

#### WebSocket 實時更新

##### `WebSocketConfig.java`

```java
package com.example.homeiot.websocket;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

? ? @Override
? ? public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
? ? ? ? config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
? ? ? ? config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
? ? }

? ? @Override
? ? public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
? ? ? ? registry.addEndpoint("/ws").withSockJS();
? ? }
}
```

### 前端（React）

#### `package.json`

```json
{
? "name": "home-iot-frontend",
? "version": "1.0.0",
? "dependencies": {
? ? "axios": "^0.21.1",
? ? "react": "^17.0.2",
? ? "react-dom": "^17.0.2",
? ? "react-router-dom": "^5.2.0",
? ? "react-scripts": "4.0.3",
? ? "sockjs-client": "^1.5.0",
? ? "@stomp/stompjs": "^6.1.0"
? },
? "scripts": {
? ? "start": "react-scripts start",
? ? "build": "react-scripts build",
? ? "test": "react-scripts test",
? ? "eject": "react-scripts eject"
? }
}
```

#### `App.js`

```jsx
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';
import SockJS from 'sockjs-client';
import { Stomp } from '@stomp/stompjs';

function App() {
? const [devices, setDevices] = useState([]);
? const [deviceName, setDeviceName] = useState('');
? const [client, setClient] = useState(null);

? useEffect(() => {
? ? fetchDevices();
? ? connectWebSocket();
? }, []);

? const fetchDevices = () => {
? ? axios.get('/api/devices')
? ? ? .then(response => setDevices(response.data))
? ? ? .catch(error => console.error('Error fetching devices:', error));
? };

? const addDevice = () => {
? ? axios.post('/api/devices', { name: deviceName, status: 'off' })
? ? ? .then(response => {
? ? ? ? setDevices([...devices, response.data]);
? ? ? ? setDeviceName('');
? ? ? })
? ? ? .catch(error => console.error('Error adding device:', error));
? };

? const updateDeviceStatus = (deviceId, status) => {
? ? axios.put(`/api/devices/${deviceId}/status`, null, { params: { status } })
? ? ? .then(response => {
? ? ? ? const updatedDevices = devices.map(device => device.id === deviceId ? response.data : device);
? ? ? ? setDevices(updatedDevices);
? ? ? })
? ? ? .catch(error => console.error('Error updating device status:', error));
? };

? const connectWebSocket = () => {
? ? const socket = new SockJS('/ws');
? ? const stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);
? ? stompClient.connect({}, frame => {
? ? ? console.log('Connected: ' + frame);
? ? ? stompClient.subscribe('/topic/devices', message => {
? ? ? ? const updatedDevice = JSON.parse(message.body);
? ? ? ? setDevices(prevDevices =>
? ? ? ? ? prevDevices.map(device => device.id === updatedDevice.id ? updatedDevice : device)
? ? ? ? );
? ? ? });
? ? });
? ? setClient(stompClient);
? };

? return (
? ? <div>
? ? ? <h1>Home IoT System</h1>
? ? ? <input
? ? ? ? type="text"
? ? ? ? value={deviceName}
? ? ? ? onChange={e => setDeviceName(e.target.value)}
? ? ? ? placeholder="Enter device name"
? ? ? />
? ? ? <button onClick={addDevice}>Add Device</button>
? ? ? <ul>
? ? ? ? {devices.map(device => (
? ? ? ? ? <li key={device.id}>
? ? ? ? ? ? {device.name} - {device.status}
? ? ? ? ? ? <button onClick={() => updateDeviceStatus(device.id, device.status === 'off' ? 'on' : 'off')}>
? ? ? ? ? ? ? Toggle Status
? ? ? ? ? ? </button>
? ? ? ? ? </li>
? ? ? ? ))}
? ? ? </ul>
? ? </div>
? );
}