HAL STM32F1 通過查表方式實現SVPWM驅動無刷電機測試
- 📍相關篇《基于開源項目HAL STM32F4 +DSP庫跑SVPWM開環速度測試》
- ?針對STM32F1系列,沒有專門的可依賴的DSP庫,為了實現特定函數的浮點運算快速計算,通過查表方式來實現,以空間換速度的方式。
- 📍硬件電路和項目參考,立創開源廣場:
https://oshwhub.com/shadow27/tai-yang-neng-wu-ren-chuan
- 📌 采用6路驅動控制,可以參考個人的相關篇《自制無感無刷電機驅動板》
📘實現核心代碼
- 📑
svpwm.c
#include "tim.h"#include "svpwm.h"#include "stdio.h"#define PWM_Period 4800float voltage_power_supply=12; //母線電壓12V
float sensor_offset=0;
float zero_electric_angle=0;float _normalizeAngle(float angle)// 標準化角度 [0,2PI]
{float a = fmod(angle, _2PI); //fmod()對浮點數取模return a >= 0 ? a : (a + _2PI);
}
//把0~Π/2的正弦值分成200份
const int sine_array[200] = {0,79,158,237,316,395,473,552,631,710,789,867,946,1024,1103,1181,1260,1338,1416,1494,1572,1650,1728,1806,1883,1961,2038,2115,2192,2269,2346,2423,2499,2575,2652,2728,2804,2879,2955,3030,3105,3180,3255,3329,3404,3478,3552,3625,3699,3772,3845,3918,3990,4063,4135,4206,4278,4349,4420,4491,4561,4631,4701,4770,4840,4909,4977,5046,5113,5181,5249,5316,5382,5449,5515,5580,5646,5711,5775,5839,5903,5967,6030,6093,6155,6217,6279,6340,6401,6461,6521,6581,6640,6699,6758,6815,6873,6930,6987,7043,7099,7154,7209,7264,7318,7371,7424,7477,7529,7581,7632,7683,7733,7783,7832,7881,7930,7977,8025,8072,8118,8164,8209,8254,8298,8342,8385,8428,8470,8512,8553,8594,8634,8673,8712,8751,8789,8826,8863,8899,8935,8970,9005,9039,9072,9105,9138,9169,9201,9231,9261,9291,9320,9348,9376,9403,9429,9455,9481,9506,9530,9554,9577,9599,9621,9642,9663,9683,9702,9721,9739,9757,9774,9790,9806,9821,9836,9850,9863,9876,9888,9899,9910,9920,9930,9939,9947,9955,9962,9969,9975,9980,9985,9989,9992,9995,9997,9999,10000,10000};//0~360°的正弦值,函數通過使用固定大小的數組來逼近正弦計算
float _sin(float a){//a的值最大為2Π,即6.28318530718if(a < _PI_2){//a<1.57079632679//return sine_array[(int)(199.0*( a / (_PI/2.0)))];//return sine_array[(int)(126.6873* a)]; // 浮點數組優化return 0.0001*sine_array[_round(126.6873* a)]; // int數組優化}else if(a < _PI){//1.57079632679<=a<3.14159265359// return sine_array[(int)(199.0*(1.0 - (a-_PI/2.0) / (_PI/2.0)))];//return sine_array[398 - (int)(126.6873*a)]; // float array optimizedreturn 0.0001*sine_array[398 - _round(126.6873*a)]; // int array optimized}else if(a < _3PI_2){//3.14159265359<=a<4.71238898038// return -sine_array[(int)(199.0*((a - _PI) / (_PI/2.0)))];//return -sine_array[-398 + (int)(126.6873*a)]; // float array optimizedreturn -0.0001*sine_array[-398 + _round(126.6873*a)]; // int array optimized} else {//4.71238898038<=a<6.28318530718// return -sine_array[(int)(199.0*(1.0 - (a - 3*_PI/2) / (_PI/2.0)))];//return -sine_array[796 - (int)(126.6873*a)]; // float array optimizedreturn -0.0001*sine_array[796 - _round(126.6873*a)]; // int array optimized}
}//0~360°的余弦值,函數逼近余弦計算使用固定大小的數組
float _cos(float a){float a_sin = a + _PI_2;a_sin = a_sin > _2PI ? a_sin - _2PI : a_sin;return _sin(a_sin);
}//近似開根號函數
float _sqrtApprox(float number) {//low in fatlong i;float y;// float x;// const float f = 1.5F; // better precision// x = number * 0.5F;y = number;i = * ( long * ) &y;i = 0x5f375a86 - ( i >> 1 );y = * ( float * ) &i;// y = y * ( f - ( x * y * y ) ); // better precisionreturn number * y;
}// 輸入參數0.0f ~ 1.0f,輸出3路PWM
//void Set_PWM(float _CCR1, float _CCR2, float _CCR3)
//{
// __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1, _CCR1 * PWM_ARR);
// __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_2, _CCR2 * PWM_ARR);
// __HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_3, _CCR3 * PWM_ARR);
//}//FOC核心函數:輸入Ud、Uq和電角度,輸出PWM
void setPhaseVoltage(float Uq, float Ud, float angle_el)
{float Uref;uint32_t sector;float T0,T1,T2;float Ta,Tb,Tc;float U_alpha,U_beta;angle_el =_normalizeAngle(angle_el); //電角度標準化在【0,2pi】U_alpha=Ud*_cos(angle_el)-Uq*_sin(angle_el); //反park變換U_beta=Ud*_sin(angle_el)+Uq*_cos(angle_el);Uref=_sqrtApprox(U_alpha*U_alpha + U_beta*U_beta) / voltage_power_supply;if(Uref> 0.577)Uref= 0.577; //六邊形的內切圓(SVPWM最大不失真旋轉電壓矢量賦值)根號3/3if(Uref<-0.577)Uref=-0.577;if(Uq>0)angle_el =_normalizeAngle(angle_el+_PI_2); //加90度后是參考電壓矢量的位置elseangle_el =_normalizeAngle(angle_el-_PI_2);sector = (angle_el / _PI_3) + 1; //扇區判斷//每個扇區中兩個相鄰電壓矢量Uref作用時間T1 = _SQRT3*sin(sector*_PI_3 - angle_el) * Uref;T2 = _SQRT3*sin(angle_el - (sector-1.0)*_PI_3) * Uref;//零矢量作用時間T0 = 1 - T1 - T2;switch(sector) //計算各相的作用時間{case 1:Ta = T1 + T2 + T0/2;Tb = T2 + T0/2;Tc = T0/2;break;case 2:Ta = T1 + T0/2;Tb = T1 + T2 + T0/2;Tc = T0/2;break;case 3:Ta = T0/2;Tb = T1 + T2 + T0/2;Tc = T2 + T0/2;break;case 4:Ta = T0/2;Tb = T1+ T0/2;Tc = T1 + T2 + T0/2;break;case 5:Ta = T2 + T0/2;Tb = T0/2;Tc = T1 + T2 + T0/2;break;case 6:Ta = T1 + T2 + T0/2;Tb = T0/2;Tc = T1 + T0/2;break;default: //其他情況關閉上管,打開下管,即剎車Ta = 0;Tb = 0;Tc = 0;}//printf("[Ta,Tb,Tc]:%f,%f,%f\r\n", Ta, Tb, Tc);__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_1, Ta*PWM_Period); //輸出U相PWM,配置占空比__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_2,Tb*PWM_Period); //輸出V相PWM,配置占空比__HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim1, TIM_CHANNEL_3, Tc*PWM_Period); //輸出W相PWM,配置占空比}
- 📄
svpwm.h
#ifndef __SVPWM_H__
#define __SVPWM_H__#include <math.h>#define _sign(a) ( ( (a) < 0 ) ? -1 : ( (a) > 0 ) )
#define _round(x) ((x)>=0?(long)((x)+0.5):(long)((x)-0.5))
#define _constrain(amt,low,high) ((amt)<(low)?(low):((amt)>(high)?(high):(amt)))
#define _sqrt(a) (_sqrtApprox(a))
#define _isset(a) ( (a) != (NOT_SET) )#define _2_SQRT3 1.15470053838
#define _SQRT3 1.73205080757
#define _1_SQRT3 0.57735026919
#define _SQRT3_2 0.86602540378
#define _SQRT2 1.41421356237
#define _120_D2R 2.09439510239
#define _PI 3.14159265359
#define _PI_2 1.57079632679
#define _PI_3 1.0471975512
#define _2PI 6.28318530718
#define _3PI_2 4.71238898038
#define _PI_6 0.52359877559//FOC核心函數:輸入Ud、Uq和電角度,輸出PWM
void setPhaseVoltage(float Uq, float Ud, float angle_el);#endif /* __SVPWM_H__ */
- 🌿在滴答回調函數中,每隔2毫秒執行一次
void HAL_SYSTICK_Callback(void)
{// Sys_Tick_Count_1ms();Count++;if (Count >= vtaskms){Count = 0;//Uq和電角度增加值需要自己調,每個電機都不一樣setPhaseVoltage(0.5,0.0,angle_el); //空載的時候盡量讓uq<2。Uq越大電機的電流越大,扭力約大angle_el +=0.64; //估計電角度,電角度增加的越快,電機轉的越快。電角度減小則電機反向旋轉0.18 0.36 0.54 0.62}
}
🎉在電機能轉動的情況下,可以逐步增大電角度(
angle_el
)數值,以提高轉動的速度。在電機能提速的情況下,電流相對會減少。這個速度也不是不限增加的,當程序設定的角度電機執行完,正好與下一次循環設定的角度接近重合時,達到最佳的運轉效果。
個人使用2204電機測試,在電角度參數和電機運轉步進接近的狀態下,空載下運轉,電流只有60毫安左右,長時間運轉,電機都沒有感受發熱。
-
🌿3路PWM驅動波形及參數
-
🌿三相驅動橋,下端電流采樣波形
📚測試工程
- 🌿基于3路PWM控制。(EG2133)
鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1H_5o-4v7Z8x4XBi8RtVU1A?pwd=rcv6
提取碼:rcv6
- 🌿基于3路互補PWM輸出控制。
鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/13mFTlaAbvnjr1eh-rdLQSQ?pwd=2fr7
提取碼:2fr7