飛算JavaAI：簡易貪吃蛇小游戲

作為Java課程的小作業，不想做太復雜的管理系統，就選了貪吃蛇這個經典小游戲。全程用Swing做界面，沒用到任何第三方庫，花了三天時間搞定了基本玩法。雖然沒上線也沒推廣，純當練手項目，但開發過程中踩了不少坑，記錄下來說不定能幫到同樣在學Java的同學。

請添加圖片描述
在開發過程中，我嘗試結合飛算JavaAI輔助開發，顯著提升了開發效率，尤其是在代碼優化和問題排查方面提供了不少幫助。

先確定核心功能

貪吃蛇的核心玩法玩法其實很簡單，我梳理了必須實現的功能：

蛇能自己移動，方向可以通過方向鍵控制
隨機生成食物，蛇吃到食物后身體變長
撞到邊界或自己的身體就算游戲結束
顯示當前分數（吃一個食物得10分）
支持暫停/繼續和重新開始游戲

技術選型

純Java原生實現，沒用到任何框架：

界面：Swing（JFrame、JPanel這些基礎組件）
繪圖：Graphics類（繪制蛇、食物和分數）
事件監聽：KeyListener（處理方向鍵輸入）
線程：Timer（控制蛇的移動速度）

核心功能實現過程

1. 數據模型設計

首先借助飛算JavaAI設計蛇和食物的數據結構，AI給出的方案非常合理，尤其是在面向對象設計方面給了我很多啟發：

// 蛇的身體由多個節點組成，每個節點有x和y坐標
class SnakeNode {private int x;  // x坐標private int y;  // y坐標public SnakeNode(int x, int y) {this.x = x;this.y = y;}// getters and setterspublic int getX() { return x; }public int getY() { return y; }public void setX(int x) { this.x = x; }public void setY(int y) { this.y = y; }// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的equals方法，方便后續判斷碰撞@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object obj) {if (this == obj) return true;if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;SnakeNode snakeNode = (SnakeNode) obj;return x == snakeNode.x && y == snakeNode.y;}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的hashCode方法@Overridepublic int hashCode() {return Objects.hash(x, y);}
}// 游戲數據模型
class GameModel {// 游戲區域大小（格子數）public static final int GRID_WIDTH = 30;public static final int GRID_HEIGHT = 20;// 每個格子的像素大小public static final int GRID_SIZE = 20;private List<SnakeNode> snake;  // 蛇的身體private SnakeNode food;         // 食物private int direction;          // 蛇的移動方向（上、下、左、右）private int score;              // 分數private boolean isGameOver;     // 游戲是否結束private boolean isPaused;       // 游戲是否暫停private int speed;              // 游戲速度，飛算JavaAI建議添加// 方向常量public static final int UP = 0;public static final int DOWN = 1;public static final int LEFT = 2;public static final int RIGHT = 3;public GameModel() {// 初始化蛇（從中間開始，長度為3）snake = new LinkedList<>();snake.add(new SnakeNode(GRID_WIDTH/2, GRID_HEIGHT/2));snake.add(new SnakeNode(GRID_WIDTH/2 - 1, GRID_HEIGHT/2));snake.add(new SnakeNode(GRID_WIDTH/2 - 2, GRID_HEIGHT/2));// 初始方向向右direction = RIGHT;// 生成第一個食物generateFood();// 初始化分數和游戲狀態score = 0;isGameOver = false;isPaused = false;speed = 150;  // 初始速度，飛算JavaAI建議添加}// 生成食物（確保不會出現在蛇身上）public void generateFood() {Random random = new Random();int x, y;boolean onSnake;do {onSnake = false;x = random.nextInt(GRID_WIDTH);y = random.nextInt(GRID_HEIGHT);// 檢查食物是否生成在蛇身上// 飛算JavaAI建議使用contains方法簡化代碼onSnake = snake.contains(new SnakeNode(x, y));} while (onSnake);food = new SnakeNode(x, y);}// 蛇移動一步public void move() {if (isGameOver || isPaused) return;// 獲取蛇頭SnakeNode head = snake.get(0);int newX = head.getX();int newY = head.getY();// 根據方向計算新頭部位置switch (direction) {case UP:newY--;break;case DOWN:newY++;break;case LEFT:newX--;break;case RIGHT:newX++;break;}// 檢查是否撞墻if (newX < 0 || newX >= GRID_WIDTH || newY < 0 || newY >= GRID_HEIGHT) {isGameOver = true;return;}// 檢查是否撞到自己SnakeNode newHead = new SnakeNode(newX, newY);if (snake.contains(newHead)) {isGameOver = true;return;}// 添加新頭部snake.add(0, newHead);// 檢查是否吃到食物if (newX == food.getX() && newY == food.getY()) {// 吃到食物，加分并生成新食物score += 10;generateFood();// 飛算JavaAI建議：隨著分數增加提高速度increaseSpeed();} else {// 沒吃到食物，移除尾部snake.remove(snake.size() - 1);}}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的速度增加方法private void increaseSpeed() {// 每得50分，速度提升10%if (score % 50 == 0 && speed > 50) {speed = (int)(speed * 0.9);}}// 改變方向（不能直接反向）public void changeDirection(int newDirection) {// 比如當前向左，不能直接向右if ((direction == LEFT && newDirection == RIGHT) || (direction == RIGHT && newDirection == LEFT) || (direction == UP && newDirection == DOWN) || (direction == DOWN && newDirection == UP)) {return;}direction = newDirection;}// 重置游戲public void reset() {snake.clear();snake.add(new SnakeNode(GRID_WIDTH/2, GRID_HEIGHT/2));snake.add(new SnakeNode(GRID_WIDTH/2 - 1, GRID_HEIGHT/2));snake.add(new SnakeNode(GRID_WIDTH/2 - 2, GRID_HEIGHT/2));direction = RIGHT;generateFood();score = 0;isGameOver = false;isPaused = false;speed = 150;  // 重置速度}// getters and setterspublic List<SnakeNode> getSnake() { return snake; }public SnakeNode getFood() { return food; }public int getScore() { return score; }public boolean isGameOver() { return isGameOver; }public boolean isPaused() { return isPaused; }public void setPaused(boolean paused) { isPaused = paused; }public int getSpeed() { return speed; }  // 飛算JavaAI建議添加
}

2. 游戲界面和繪制邏輯

在實現界面繪制時，飛算JavaAI幫我優化了繪圖邏輯，解決了畫面閃爍問題：

class GamePanel extends JPanel {private GameModel model;// 顏色定義private static final Color SNAKE_COLOR = new Color(76, 175, 80);    // 綠色private static final Color FOOD_COLOR = new Color(244, 67, 54);     // 紅色private static final Color BG_COLOR = new Color(230, 230, 230);     // 淺灰色private static final Color TEXT_COLOR = new Color(33, 33, 33);      // 深灰色private static final Color BORDER_COLOR = new Color(200, 200, 200); // 邊框顏色// 飛算JavaAI建議添加雙緩沖解決閃爍問題private Image bufferImage;private Graphics bufferGraphics;public GamePanel(GameModel model) {this.model = model;// 設置面板大小setPreferredSize(new Dimension(GameModel.GRID_WIDTH * GameModel.GRID_SIZE,GameModel.GRID_HEIGHT * GameModel.GRID_SIZE));// 設置背景色setBackground(BG_COLOR);// 飛算JavaAI建議：設置焦點，確保鍵盤事件能被捕獲setFocusable(true);requestFocusInWindow();}@Overrideprotected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {super.paintComponent(g);// 飛算JavaAI建議使用雙緩沖繪制if (bufferImage == null) {bufferImage = createImage(getWidth(), getHeight());bufferGraphics = bufferImage.getGraphics();}// 清空緩沖bufferGraphics.setColor(BG_COLOR);bufferGraphics.fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());// 繪制網格線，飛算JavaAI建議添加drawGrid(bufferGraphics);// 繪制蛇bufferGraphics.setColor(SNAKE_COLOR);for (SnakeNode node : model.getSnake()) {bufferGraphics.fillRect(node.getX() * GameModel.GRID_SIZE,node.getY() * GameModel.GRID_SIZE,GameModel.GRID_SIZE - 1,  // 減1是為了讓蛇身體節點之間有縫隙GameModel.GRID_SIZE - 1);}// 繪制食物bufferGraphics.setColor(FOOD_COLOR);SnakeNode food = model.getFood();bufferGraphics.fillOval(food.getX() * GameModel.GRID_SIZE,food.getY() * GameModel.GRID_SIZE,GameModel.GRID_SIZE - 1,GameModel.GRID_SIZE - 1);// 繪制分數和速度信息bufferGraphics.setColor(TEXT_COLOR);bufferGraphics.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 16));bufferGraphics.drawString("分數: " + model.getScore(), 10, 20);bufferGraphics.drawString("速度: " + (1000/model.getSpeed()) + "步/秒", 120, 20);// 游戲結束時顯示提示if (model.isGameOver()) {drawCenteredString(bufferGraphics, "游戲結束!", getWidth()/2, getHeight()/2, new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 24));drawCenteredString(bufferGraphics, "按R鍵重新開始", getWidth()/2, getHeight()/2 + 30,new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 16));}// 暫停時顯示提示if (model.isPaused() && !model.isGameOver()) {drawCenteredString(bufferGraphics, "已暫停", getWidth()/2, getHeight()/2,new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 24));drawCenteredString(bufferGraphics, "按P鍵繼續", getWidth()/2, getHeight()/2 + 30,new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 16));}// 將緩沖圖像繪制到屏幕g.drawImage(bufferImage, 0, 0, this);}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的繪制網格線方法private void drawGrid(Graphics g) {g.setColor(BORDER_COLOR);// 繪制水平線for (int y = 0; y <= GameModel.GRID_HEIGHT; y++) {g.drawLine(0, y * GameModel.GRID_SIZE, GameModel.GRID_WIDTH * GameModel.GRID_SIZE, y * GameModel.GRID_SIZE);}// 繪制垂直線for (int x = 0; x <= GameModel.GRID_WIDTH; x++) {g.drawLine(x * GameModel.GRID_SIZE, 0, x * GameModel.GRID_SIZE, GameModel.GRID_HEIGHT * GameModel.GRID_SIZE);}}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的居中繪制字符串方法private void drawCenteredString(Graphics g, String text, int x, int y, Font font) {g.setFont(font);FontMetrics metrics = g.getFontMetrics(font);int textX = x - metrics.stringWidth(text) / 2;int textY = y + (metrics.getAscent() - metrics.getDescent()) / 2;g.drawString(text, textX, textY);}@Overridepublic void update(Graphics g) {// 重寫update方法，避免閃爍paint(g);}
}

3. 游戲主框架和事件處理

主框架實現時，飛算JavaAI幫我優化了事件處理和游戲循環邏輯：

public class SnakeGame extends JFrame {private GameModel model;private GamePanel panel;private Timer timer;  // 控制游戲刷新private int highScore;  // 最高分記錄，飛算JavaAI建議添加public SnakeGame() {// 初始化模型和面板model = new GameModel();panel = new GamePanel(model);// 加載最高分，飛算JavaAI建議添加loadHighScore();// 設置窗口setTitle("貪吃蛇");setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);setResizable(false);  // 窗口不可 resize// 飛算JavaAI建議添加菜單欄createMenuBar();add(panel);pack();setLocationRelativeTo(null);  // 窗口居中顯示// 初始化定時器，控制蛇的移動速度initTimer();// 添加鍵盤監聽addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {@Overridepublic void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {handleKeyPress(e);}});// 窗口關閉時保存最高分，飛算JavaAI建議添加addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {@Overridepublic void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {saveHighScore();}});}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的創建菜單欄方法private void createMenuBar() {JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();JMenu gameMenu = new JMenu("游戲");JMenuItem newGameItem = new JMenuItem("新游戲");newGameItem.addActionListener(e -> resetGame());JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("退出");exitItem.addActionListener(e -> {saveHighScore();System.exit(0);});gameMenu.add(newGameItem);gameMenu.addSeparator();gameMenu.add(exitItem);JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("幫助");JMenuItem aboutItem = new JMenuItem("關于");aboutItem.addActionListener(e -> showAboutDialog());JMenuItem controlsItem = new JMenuItem("操作說明");controlsItem.addActionListener(e -> showControlsDialog());helpMenu.add(controlsItem);helpMenu.add(aboutItem);menuBar.add(gameMenu);menuBar.add(helpMenu);setJMenuBar(menuBar);}// 初始化定時器private void initTimer() {timer = new Timer(model.getSpeed(), e -> {model.move();// 檢查是否刷新速度if (timer.getDelay() != model.getSpeed()) {timer.setDelay(model.getSpeed());}// 檢查是否打破最高分if (model.getScore() > highScore) {highScore = model.getScore();}panel.repaint();});timer.start();}// 處理鍵盤事件private void handleKeyPress(KeyEvent e) {int key = e.getKeyCode();// 方向控制switch (key) {case KeyEvent.VK_UP:case KeyEvent.VK_W:  // 支持WASD控制，飛算JavaAI建議添加model.changeDirection(GameModel.UP);break;case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:case KeyEvent.VK_S:model.changeDirection(GameModel.DOWN);break;case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:case KeyEvent.VK_A:model.changeDirection(GameModel.LEFT);break;case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:case KeyEvent.VK_D:model.changeDirection(GameModel.RIGHT);break;case KeyEvent.VK_P:  // 暫停/繼續case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:  // 空格也可暫停，飛算JavaAI建議添加model.setPaused(!model.isPaused());panel.repaint();break;case KeyEvent.VK_R:  // 重新開始resetGame();break;case KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE:  // 退出游戲，飛算JavaAI建議添加saveHighScore();System.exit(0);break;}}// 重置游戲private void resetGame() {model.reset();timer.setDelay(model.getSpeed());panel.repaint();}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的加載最高分方法private void loadHighScore() {try {File file = new File("highscore.dat");if (file.exists()) {try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file))) {String scoreStr = br.readLine();highScore = Integer.parseInt(scoreStr);}} else {highScore = 0;}} catch (Exception e) {highScore = 0;System.err.println("加載最高分失敗: " + e.getMessage());}}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的保存最高分方法private void saveHighScore() {try (BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("highscore.dat"))) {bw.write(String.valueOf(highScore));} catch (Exception e) {System.err.println("保存最高分失敗: " + e.getMessage());}}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的顯示關于對話框方法private void showAboutDialog() {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"貪吃蛇 v1.0\nJava課程練手項目","關于",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);}// 飛算JavaAI建議添加的顯示操作說明方法private void showControlsDialog() {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"方向鍵或WASD: 控制蛇移動\n" +"空格或P: 暫停/繼續游戲\n" +"R: 重新開始游戲\n" +"ESC: 退出游戲","操作說明",JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);}public static void main(String[] args) {// 在事件調度線程中啟動游戲SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {new SnakeGame().setVisible(true);});}
}