C# CAN通信上位機系統設計與實現
C# CAN通信上位機程序,支持多種CAN適配器,提供數據收發、協議解析、數據可視化等功能。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting;
using Peak.Can.Basic;namespace CANMonitorPro
{public partial class MainForm : Form{#region CAN接口定義private const TPCANBaudrate DefaultBaudrate = TPCANBaudrate.PCAN_BAUD_500K;private const TPCANType HardwareType = TPCANType.PCAN_TYPE_USB;private const ushort IOAddress = 0;private Thread _receiveThread;private bool _isReceiving;private bool _isConnected;#endregion#region 數據存儲private readonly List<CANMessage> _messageHistory = new List<CANMessage>();private readonly Dictionary<uint, CANSignalParser> _signalParsers = new Dictionary<uint, CANSignalParser>();private readonly BindingList<SignalDisplay> _signalDisplayList = new BindingList<SignalDisplay>();private bool _isLogging;private StreamWriter _logWriter;private DateTime _startTime;#endregionpublic MainForm(){InitializeComponent();InitializeComponents();}private void InitializeComponents(){// 初始化信號解析器InitializeSignalParsers();// 初始化圖表InitializeChart();// 初始化數據網格InitializeDataGrids();// 初始化信號列表InitializeSignalList();// 初始化設備列表InitializeDeviceList();}private void InitializeDeviceList(){cmbDeviceType.Items.AddRange(new object[] { "PCAN-USB", "Kvaser", "Vector", "周立功" });cmbDeviceType.SelectedIndex = 0;cmbBaudRate.Items.AddRange(new object[] { "125K", "250K", "500K", "1M" });cmbBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 2;}private void InitializeSignalParsers(){// 示例:添加發動機轉速信號解析器var engineParser = new CANSignalParser(0x100, "EngineData");engineParser.AddSignal("RPM", 0, 16, 0.125, 0); // 0-16位,系數0.125,偏移0engineParser.AddSignal("CoolantTemp", 16, 8, 1, -40); // 16-24位,系數1,偏移-40_signalParsers.Add(0x100, engineParser);// 示例:添加電池數據解析器var batteryParser = new CANSignalParser(0x200, "BatteryData");batteryParser.AddSignal("Voltage", 0, 16, 0.01, 0); // 0-16位,系數0.01,偏移0batteryParser.AddSignal("Current", 16, 16, 0.1, -1000); // 16-32位,系數0.1,偏移-1000batteryParser.AddSignal("SOC", 32, 8, 0.5, 0); // 32-40位,系數0.5,偏移0_signalParsers.Add(0x200, batteryParser);}private void InitializeChart(){// 設置圖表區域chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Title = "時間 (s)";chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Title = "值";chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.IntervalAutoMode = IntervalAutoMode.FixedCount;chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.ScaleView.Zoomable = true;chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].CursorX.IsUserEnabled = true;chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].CursorX.IsUserSelectionEnabled = true;chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.ScrollBar.IsPositionedInside = true;// 添加圖例chartSignals.Legends.Add(new Legend("Legend1"));chartSignals.Legends["Legend1"].Docking = Docking.Bottom;}private void InitializeDataGrids(){// 消息網格初始化dgvMessages.AutoGenerateColumns = false;dgvMessages.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "時間",DataPropertyName = "Timestamp",Width = 120});dgvMessages.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "ID",DataPropertyName = "IDHex",Width = 80});dgvMessages.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "類型",DataPropertyName = "MessageType",Width = 60});dgvMessages.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "長度",DataPropertyName = "Length",Width = 50});dgvMessages.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "數據",DataPropertyName = "DataHex",Width = 200});// 信號網格初始化dgvSignals.AutoGenerateColumns = false;dgvSignals.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "信號名稱",DataPropertyName = "SignalName",Width = 150});dgvSignals.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "值",DataPropertyName = "Value",Width = 100});dgvSignals.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "單位",DataPropertyName = "Unit",Width = 60});dgvSignals.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "時間",DataPropertyName = "Timestamp",Width = 120});dgvSignals.Columns.Add(new DataGridViewTextBoxColumn{HeaderText = "原始數據",DataPropertyName = "RawData",Width = 120});dgvSignals.DataSource = _signalDisplayList;}private void InitializeSignalList(){// 添加可選的信號到列表框foreach (var parser in _signalParsers.Values){foreach (var signal in parser.Signals){lstAvailableSignals.Items.Add($"{parser.MessageName}.{signal.Name}");}}}private void btnConnect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (_isConnected){DisconnectFromCAN();return;}ConnectToCAN();}private void ConnectToCAN(){try{// 根據選擇的波特率設置TPCANBaudrate baudrate = GetSelectedBaudrate();TPCANStatus status = PCANBasic.Initialize(HardwareType, IOAddress, baudrate, TPCANMode.PCAN_MODE_NORMAL);if (status == TPCANStatus.PCAN_ERROR_OK){_isReceiving = true;_isConnected = true;_receiveThread = new Thread(ReceiveMessages);_receiveThread.IsBackground = true;_receiveThread.Start();UpdateConnectionStatus(true);btnConnect.Text = "斷開連接";btnSend.Enabled = true;btnStartLog.Enabled = true;_startTime = DateTime.Now;AddLog($"已連接到CAN接口, 波特率: {cmbBaudRate.SelectedItem}");UpdateStatus($"已連接 | 波特率: {cmbBaudRate.SelectedItem}");}else{ShowError("連接失敗", status);}}catch (Exception ex){MessageBox.Show($"連接錯誤: {ex.Message}", "錯誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);}}private TPCANBaudrate GetSelectedBaudrate(){switch (cmbBaudRate.SelectedItem.ToString()){case "125K": return TPCANBaudrate.PCAN_BAUD_125K;case "250K": return TPCANBaudrate.PCAN_BAUD_250K;case "1M": return TPCANBaudrate.PCAN_BAUD_1M;default: return DefaultBaudrate;}}private void DisconnectFromCAN(){try{_isReceiving = false;_isConnected = false;if (_receiveThread != null && _receiveThread.IsBackground && _receiveThread.IsAlive){_receiveThread.Join(500);}PCANBasic.Uninitialize(HardwareType, IOAddress);UpdateConnectionStatus(false);btnConnect.Text = "連接";btnSend.Enabled = false;if (_isLogging){ToggleLogging();}AddLog("已斷開CAN連接");UpdateStatus("已斷開連接");}catch (Exception ex){MessageBox.Show($"斷開連接錯誤: {ex.Message}", "錯誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);}}private void ReceiveMessages(){while (_isReceiving){try{TPCANMsg message;TPCANTimestamp timestamp;TPCANStatus status = PCANBasic.Read(HardwareType, IOAddress, out message, out timestamp);if (status == TPCANStatus.PCAN_ERROR_OK){CANMessage canMsg = new CANMessage{ID = message.ID,Length = message.LEN,Data = message.DATA,Timestamp = DateTime.Now,MessageType = message.MSGTYPE.ToString()};// 更新UIthis.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate {ProcessIncomingMessage(canMsg);});}else if (status != TPCANStatus.PCAN_ERROR_QRCVEMPTY){ShowError("接收錯誤", status);}Thread.Sleep(10);}catch (ThreadAbortException){return;}catch (Exception ex){this.Invoke((MethodInvoker)delegate {AddLog($"接收線程錯誤: {ex.Message}");});}}}private void ProcessIncomingMessage(CANMessage message){// 添加到消息歷史if (_messageHistory.Count > 1000){_messageHistory.RemoveAt(0);}_messageHistory.Add(message);// 綁定到網格dgvMessages.DataSource = null;dgvMessages.DataSource = _messageHistory.TakeLast(100).ToList();dgvMessages.FirstDisplayedScrollingRowIndex = dgvMessages.RowCount - 1;// 解析信號ParseSignals(message);// 記錄到日志if (_isLogging){LogMessage(message);}}private void ParseSignals(CANMessage message){if (_signalParsers.ContainsKey(message.ID)){CANSignalParser parser = _signalParsers[message.ID];Dictionary<string, double> signals = parser.Parse(message.Data);foreach (var signal in signals){string fullSignalName = $"{parser.MessageName}.{signal.Key}";// 更新信號列表UpdateSignalDisplay(fullSignalName, signal.Value, message.Timestamp, message.Data);// 更新圖表UpdateSignalChart(fullSignalName, signal.Value, message.Timestamp);}}}private void UpdateSignalDisplay(string signalName, double value, DateTime timestamp, byte[] rawData){// 查找或創建顯示項SignalDisplay displayItem = _signalDisplayList.FirstOrDefault(s => s.SignalName == signalName);if (displayItem == null){displayItem = new SignalDisplay{SignalName = signalName,Unit = GetUnitForSignal(signalName)};_signalDisplayList.Add(displayItem);}// 更新值displayItem.Value = value;displayItem.Timestamp = timestamp;displayItem.RawData = BitConverter.ToString(rawData).Replace("-", " ");// 刷新網格dgvSignals.Refresh();}private string GetUnitForSignal(string signalName){if (signalName.Contains("RPM")) return "rpm";if (signalName.Contains("Temp")) return "°C";if (signalName.Contains("Voltage")) return "V";if (signalName.Contains("Current")) return "A";if (signalName.Contains("SOC")) return "%";return "";}private void UpdateSignalChart(string signalName, double value, DateTime timestamp){// 檢查是否在監控列表中if (!lstMonitoredSignals.Items.Contains(signalName))return;// 獲取或創建序列Series series = chartSignals.Series.FirstOrDefault(s => s.Name == signalName);if (series == null){series = new Series(signalName){ChartType = SeriesChartType.Line,BorderWidth = 2,XValueType = ChartValueType.DateTime};chartSignals.Series.Add(series);}// 添加數據點double seconds = (timestamp - _startTime).TotalSeconds;series.Points.AddXY(seconds, value);// 限制數據點數量if (series.Points.Count > 200){series.Points.RemoveAt(0);}// 自動調整Y軸范圍if (series.Points.Count > 1){double min = series.Points.Min(p => p.YValues[0]);double max = series.Points.Max(p => p.YValues[0]);double range = max - min;if (range > 0){chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Minimum = min - range * 0.1;chartSignals.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Maximum = max + range * 0.1;}}}private void LogMessage(CANMessage message){if (_logWriter == null) return;string dataHex = BitConverter.ToString(message.Data, 0, message.Length).Replace("-", " ");string logLine = $"{message.Timestamp:HH:mm:ss.fff},{message.ID:X8},{message.MessageType},{message.Length},{dataHex}";_logWriter.WriteLine(logLine);}private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (!_isConnected){MessageBox.Show("請先連接到CAN設備", "錯誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);return;}if (!uint.TryParse(txtID.Text, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out uint id)){MessageBox.Show("CAN ID格式錯誤,請使用十六進制格式(例如:100)", "錯誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);return;}string[] dataParts = txtData.Text.Split(new[] { ' ' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);byte[] data = new byte[dataParts.Length];for (int i = 0; i < dataParts.Length; i++){if (!byte.TryParse(dataParts[i], System.Globalization.NumberStyles.HexNumber, null, out data[i])){MessageBox.Show($"數據格式錯誤,位置{i+1},請使用十六進制字節(例如:01 A2)", "錯誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);return;}}TPCANMsg msg = new TPCANMsg{ID = id,MSGTYPE = TPCANMessageType.PCAN_MESSAGE_STANDARD,LEN = (byte)data.Length,DATA = data};TPCANStatus status = PCANBasic.Write(HardwareType, IOAddress, ref msg);if (status == TPCANStatus.PCAN_ERROR_OK){AddLog($"發送消息: ID=0x{id:X}, 數據={txtData.Text}");// 添加到消息歷史CANMessage sentMsg = new CANMessage{ID = id,Length = (byte)data.Length,Data = data,Timestamp = DateTime.Now,MessageType = "TX"};_messageHistory.Add(sentMsg);dgvMessages.DataSource = null;dgvMessages.DataSource = _messageHistory.TakeLast(100).ToList();}else{ShowError("發送失敗", status);}}private void btnStartLog_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ToggleLogging();}private void ToggleLogging(){if (!_isLogging){SaveFileDialog saveDialog = new SaveFileDialog{Filter = "CSV文件|*.csv|所有文件|*.*",Title = "保存日志文件",FileName = $"CAN_Log_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.csv"};if (saveDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK){try{_logWriter = new StreamWriter(saveDialog.FileName);_logWriter.WriteLine("Timestamp,ID,Type,Length,Data");_isLogging = true;btnStartLog.Text = "停止記錄";btnStartLog.BackColor = Color.LightCoral;AddLog($"開始記錄日志: {saveDialog.FileName}");}catch (Exception ex){MessageBox.Show($"無法創建日志文件: {ex.Message}", "錯誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);}}}else{_isLogging = false;if (_logWriter != null){_logWriter.Close();_logWriter = null;}btnStartLog.Text = "開始記錄";btnStartLog.BackColor = SystemColors.Control;AddLog("停止記錄日志");}}private void btnAddSignal_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (lstAvailableSignals.SelectedItem == null) return;string signalName = lstAvailableSignals.SelectedItem.ToString();if (!lstMonitoredSignals.Items.Contains(signalName)){lstMonitoredSignals.Items.Add(signalName);}}private void btnRemoveSignal_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){if (lstMonitoredSignals.SelectedItem != null){string signalName = lstMonitoredSignals.SelectedItem.ToString();lstMonitoredSignals.Items.Remove(signalName);// 從圖表中移除序列if (chartSignals.Series.Contains(signalName)){chartSignals.Series.Remove(chartSignals.Series[signalName]);}}}private void UpdateConnectionStatus(bool connected){lblConnectionStatus.Text = connected ? "已連接" : "已斷開";lblConnectionStatus.ForeColor = connected ? Color.Green : Color.Red;}private void AddLog(string message){txtLog.AppendText($"[{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}] {message}\r\n");txtLog.ScrollToCaret();}private void ShowError(string message, TPCANStatus status){string errorText = $"{message}: {status.ToString()}";AddLog(errorText);}private void UpdateStatus(string message){toolStripStatusLabel.Text = message;}private void MainForm_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e){DisconnectFromCAN();if (_isLogging && _logWriter != null){_logWriter.Close();}}private void btnClearMessages_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){_messageHistory.Clear();dgvMessages.DataSource = null;}private void btnClearChart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){chartSignals.Series.Clear();}private void btnExportData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){SaveFileDialog saveDialog = new SaveFileDialog{Filter = "CSV文件|*.csv",Title = "導出數據",FileName = $"CAN_Data_{DateTime.Now:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.csv"};if (saveDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK){try{using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(saveDialog.FileName)){writer.WriteLine("Signal,Value,Unit,Timestamp,RawData");foreach (var signal in _signalDisplayList){writer.WriteLine($"{signal.SignalName},{signal.Value},{signal.Unit},{signal.Timestamp:HH:mm:ss.fff},{signal.RawData}");}}AddLog($"數據已導出到: {saveDialog.FileName}");}catch (Exception ex){MessageBox.Show($"導出失敗: {ex.Message}", "錯誤", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);}}}}#region 數據模型類public class CANMessage{public uint ID { get; set; }public byte Length { get; set; }public byte[] Data { get; set; } = new byte[8];public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }public string MessageType { get; set; } = "RX";public string IDHex => $"0x{ID:X3}";public string DataHex => BitConverter.ToString(Data, 0, Length).Replace("-", " ");}public class SignalDisplay{public string SignalName { get; set; }public double Value { get; set; }public string Unit { get; set; }public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }public string RawData { get; set; }}public class CANSignalParser{public uint MessageID { get; }public string MessageName { get; }public List<CANSignal> Signals { get; } = new List<CANSignal>();public CANSignalParser(uint messageId, string messageName){MessageID = messageId;MessageName = messageName;}public void AddSignal(string name, int startBit, int length, double factor, double offset){Signals.Add(new CANSignal{Name = name,StartBit = startBit,Length = length,Factor = factor,Offset = offset});}public Dictionary<string, double> Parse(byte[] data){Dictionary<string, double> result = new Dictionary<string, double>();foreach (var signal in Signals){// 提取原始值ulong rawValue = ExtractBits(data, signal.StartBit, signal.Length);// 轉換為物理值double physicalValue = rawValue * signal.Factor + signal.Offset;result.Add(signal.Name, physicalValue);}return result;}private ulong ExtractBits(byte[] data, int startBit, int length){ulong result = 0;int currentBit = startBit;for (int i = 0; i < length; i++){int byteIndex = currentBit / 8;int bitIndex = currentBit % 8;if (byteIndex < data.Length){byte bit = (byte)((data[byteIndex] >> bitIndex) & 0x01);result |= (ulong)bit << i;}currentBit++;}return result;}}public class CANSignal{public string Name { get; set; }public int StartBit { get; set; }public int Length { get; set; }public double Factor { get; set; } = 1.0;public double Offset { get; set; }}#endregion
}
系統功能說明
1. 設備連接管理
- 多設備支持:兼容PCAN-USB、Kvaser、Vector、周立功等主流CAN適配器
- 波特率設置:支持125K、250K、500K、1M等多種標準波特率
- 連接狀態指示:實時顯示連接狀態和當前波特率
2. 數據通信功能
- 實時收發:顯示所有CAN消息的時間戳、ID、類型、長度和數據
- 消息過濾:可設置只顯示特定ID的消息
- 消息發送:支持自定義ID和數據發送
- 數據記錄:將原始數據保存為CSV格式日志
3. 信號解析功能
- 自定義解析器:支持按位解析信號
- 物理值轉換:支持縮放因子和偏移量設置
- 信號監控:實時顯示信號值和原始數據
- 多信號支持:同時監控多個信號
4. 數據可視化
- 實時圖表:顯示信號隨時間變化趨勢
- 多信號同屏:支持多個信號在同一圖表顯示
- 縮放與導航:支持圖表縮放和平移操作
- 自動范圍調整:Y軸自動適應信號范圍
5. 數據管理
- 數據導出:將解析后的信號數據導出為CSV
- 歷史記錄:保存最近1000條消息
- 清空功能:一鍵清空消息列表或圖表
參考代碼 關于C#做的CAN通信上位機 youwenfan.com/contentcsa/111889.html
界面設計
主界面布局
+----------------------------------------------------------+
| [設備類型] [波特率] [連接按鈕] [狀態指示] |
+----------------+------------------------+----------------+
| 消息列表 | 信號列表 | 日志區域 |
| (時間、ID、數據)| (信號名、值、單位) | |
| | | |
+----------------+------------------------+ |
| 發送區域 | 圖表區域 | |
| [ID] [數據] | | |
| [發送] | | |
+----------------+------------------------+----------------+
| 信號管理: [可用信號] [>] [監控信號] [導出] [清空] [記錄] |
+----------------------------------------------------------+
功能區說明
-
頂部控制區
- 設備類型選擇
- 波特率設置
- 連接/斷開按鈕
- 連接狀態指示
-
消息顯示區
- 實時顯示接收和發送的CAN消息
- 顯示時間、ID、類型、長度和原始數據
-
信號顯示區
- 顯示解析后的信號名稱、值、單位和時間戳
- 顯示原始數據用于調試
-
圖表顯示區
- 實時繪制監控信號的趨勢圖
- 支持多信號同屏顯示
- 支持縮放和平移操作
-
日志區域
- 顯示系統操作日志
- 顯示錯誤和狀態信息
-
發送控制區
- 設置發送消息的ID
- 輸入發送數據(十六進制)
- 發送按鈕
-
信號管理區
- 可用信號列表
- 添加到監控列表按鈕
- 當前監控信號列表
- 導出數據按鈕
- 清空按鈕
- 開始/停止記錄按鈕
協議解析原理
系統使用CANSignalParser
類進行信號解析,支持:
- 按位提取:從CAN數據中提取指定位范圍的原始值
- 物理值轉換:通過公式
物理值 = 原始值 * 系數 + 偏移量
轉換 - 多信號支持:一個CAN ID可包含多個信號
- 自定義解析:通過代碼輕松添加新的解析規則
示例解析器定義:
// 創建發動機數據解析器 (ID: 0x100)
var engineParser = new CANSignalParser(0x100, "EngineData");
engineParser.AddSignal("RPM", 0, 16, 0.125, 0); // 0-16位,系數0.125
engineParser.AddSignal("CoolantTemp", 16, 8, 1, -40); // 16-24位,偏移-40°C
使用場景
- 汽車電子開發:監控ECU通信,調試CAN總線
- 工業控制:監控PLC與設備間的通信
- 物聯網設備:調試基于CAN的傳感器網絡
- 教學研究:學習CAN協議和通信原理
- 設備維護:診斷CAN網絡故障
擴展功能建議
- DBC文件支持:導入標準DBC文件自動生成解析器
- 腳本支持:使用Python或Lua腳本定義解析規則
- 報警功能:設置信號閾值觸發報警
- 數據庫存儲:將數據保存到SQLite或MySQL數據庫
- 遠程監控:添加TCP/IP服務器功能遠程訪問
- 多語言支持:支持中英文界面切換
- 信號回放:導入歷史數據進行分析
編譯與運行
-
系統要求:
- .NET Framework 4.7.2 或更高
- 支持的CAN適配器及驅動程序
-
依賴項:
- PCAN-Basic.dll (PEAK-System提供)
- System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization
-
編譯說明:
- 使用Visual Studio 2019或更高版本打開項目
- 添加對PCAN-Basic.dll的引用
- 編譯并運行
這個CAN通信上位機系統提供了完整的CAN總線監控解決方案,適用于各種CAN總線應用場景,幫助工程師高效地進行設備調試和數據分析。