方法1：使用官方的Jenkins倉庫

1. 添加Jenkins倉庫

打開終端，運行以下命令來添加Jenkins的官方倉庫：

wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo deb http://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ > \/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'

2. 更新軟件包列表

更新你的軟件包列表，以確保你的系統知道有新的Jenkins包可用：

sudo apt-get update

3. 安裝Jenkins

現在，你可以安裝Jenkins了：

sudo apt-get install jenkins

4. 啟動Jenkins服務

安裝完成后，啟動Jenkins服務：

sudo systemctl start jenkins

5. 設置Jenkins開機啟動

確保Jenkins在系統啟動時自動啟動：

sudo systemctl enable jenkins

6. 查找初始管理員密碼

Jenkins首次安裝后，會生成一個初始管理員密碼。你可以通過以下命令找到這個密碼：

sudo cat /var/lib/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword

7. 訪問Jenkins

打開你的瀏覽器，訪問 http://localhost:8080 來開始配置Jenkins。根據提示輸入上面找到的初始管理員密碼。

方法2：使用Snap包（適用于較新的Ubuntu版本）

如果你的Ubuntu版本支持Snap，你可以使用Snap包來安裝Jenkins。這種方法的好處是它會自動處理依賴關系，并且通常會保持軟件的最新狀態。

1. 安裝Snap（如果你的系統還沒有Snap）

sudo apt update
sudo apt install snapd

2. 安裝Jenkins

sudo snap install jenkins

3. 啟動Jenkins服務

sudo systemctl start snap.jenkins.jenkins

4. 設置Jenkins開機啟動

sudo systemctl enable snap.jenkins.jenkins

5. 查找初始管理員密碼（如果你使用的是Snap安裝的方法）

通常，你可以在用戶的主目錄下的.jenkins文件夾中找到初始管理員密碼，例如：~/.jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword。或者，你也可以查看日志文件：journalctl -u snap.jenkins.jenkins。

6. 訪問Jenkins

打開瀏覽器，訪問 http://localhost:8080 來配置Jenkins。根據提示輸入初始管理員密碼。

啟動Jenkins報錯

報錯信息

ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:~/download$ sudo systemctl start jenkins
Job for jenkins.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status jenkins.service" and "journalctl -xeu jenkins.service" for details.ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:~/download$ systemctl status jenkins.service
× jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/jenkins.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sat 2025-07-12 13:57:11 UTC; 1min 17s agoProcess: 109636 ExecStart=/usr/bin/jenkins (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)Main PID: 109636 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)CPU: 11msJul 12 13:57:11 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5.
Jul 12 13:57:11 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jul 12 13:57:11 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 12 13:57:11 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Failed to start jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
Jul 12 13:57:53 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jul 12 13:57:53 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 12 13:57:53 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Failed to start jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
Jul 12 13:58:10 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Jul 12 13:58:10 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: jenkins.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 12 13:58:10 Ubuntu2404 systemd[1]: Failed to start jenkins.service - Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.

解決方案

以上的報錯是由于沒有安裝java導致的

安裝java

ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:~/download$ sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
...ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:~/download$ java -version
openjdk version "17.0.15" 2025-04-15
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu124.04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.15+6-Ubuntu-0ubuntu124.04, mixed mode, sharing)

重啟Jenkins

ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:/usr/local$ sudo systemctl restart jenkins
ubuntu@Ubuntu2404:/usr/local$