web服務器搭建nginx

1 配置主機ip

1.1獲取主機ip

ip a

root@pc:/home/ruxin# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:34:4c:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp2s1inet 192.168.3.127/24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33valid_lft 86397sec preferred_lft 86397secinet6 fe80::4:e2ce:b9f2:79fb/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

可以得主機wifi的ip地址為:? ?192.168.3.127

1.2查看當前網絡服務

systemctl status NetworkManager

?????????NetworkManager處于活躍狀態（active (running)），說明系統通過 NetworkManager 管理網絡，應使用01-network-manager-all.yaml配置。

root@pc:/etc/netplan# systemctl status NetworkManager
● NetworkManager.service - Network ManagerLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Mon 2025-06-30 14:32:50 CST; 34min agoDocs: man:NetworkManager(8)Main PID: 924 (NetworkManager)Tasks: 3 (limit: 9382)Memory: 10.8MCPU: 216msCGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service└─924 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9469] device (ens33): state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9471] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_LOCAL
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9472] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_SITE
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9472] policy: set '有線連接 1' (ens33) as default for IPv4 routing and DNS
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9476] device (ens33): Activation: successful, device activated.
6月 30 14:32:50 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265170.9480] manager: startup complete
6月 30 14:32:51 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265171.5458] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_GLOBAL
6月 30 14:32:53 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751265173.9185] agent-manager: agent[b9a40da6c2d8d60b,:1.42/org.gnome.Shell.NetworkAgent/1000]: agent registered
6月 30 14:53:17 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751266397.7687] agent-manager: agent[b8cfb5e1ea0afe7d,:1.42/org.gnome.Shell.NetworkAgent/1000]: agent registered
6月 30 15:01:52 pc NetworkManager[924]: <info>  [1751266912.9341] agent-manager: agent[74a738928d7f23e4,:1.42/org.gnome.Shell.NetworkAgent/1000]: agent registered

1.3編輯netplan配置

??編輯文件：

sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml

?????????示例配置：

network:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:ens33:dhcp4: falseaddresses: [192.168.3.114/24]routes:- to: defaultvia: 192.168.3.1nameservers:addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

?????????在 nano 中 Ctrl + x 為保存退出。

????????應用配置：

sudo netplan apply

?遇到問題如下：

** (generate:63514): WARNING **: 15:18:48.328: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.** (generate:63514): WARNING **: 15:18:48.328: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.574: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.575: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.806: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.806: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.806: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.** (process:63508): WARNING **: 15:18:48.806: Permissions for /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml are too open. Netplan configuration should NOT be accessible by others.

? ? ? ? 似乎是警告提示表明 Netplan 配置文件的權限設置過于寬松，存在安全風險。Netplan 要求配置文件只能由所有者（通常是 root 用戶）讀取和寫入，其他用戶不應有訪問權限。?

????????查看當前文件權限：

ls -l /etc/netplan/*.yaml

?????????提示如下：

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 345 Jun 30 15:10 /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289 Jun 30 15:10 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

?????????使用chmod命令將配置文件的權限設置為600：

sudo chmod 600 /etc/netplan/*.yaml

?????????再次查看文件權限：

-rw------- 1 root root 345 Jun 30 15:10 /etc/netplan/01-network-config.yaml
-rw------- 1 root root 289 Jun 30 15:10 /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

# 重新應用 Netplan 配置
sudo netplan apply

?ping一下：ping 192.168.3.114? ?沒毛病

1.4配置editplus

首先安裝ftp配置服務

apt install vsftpd

?該目錄下進行配置：? ?vim?/etc/vsftpd.conf

將write_enable 開放權限

此外，還要開放root用戶

該目錄下進行配置：? ?vim /etc/ftpusers

將 root 用戶注釋即可

重啟vsftpd即可

service vsftpd restart

?接下來就可以在editplus上對其進行遠程編輯了

2.安裝配置nginx

2.1下載原裝nginx

? ? ? ? 1. 將下載得到的 “nginx-1.28.0.tar.gz” 上傳到 /opt/software 目錄下
????????2. 解壓壓縮 tar
????????tar -zxvf nginx-1.28.0.tar.gz # 解壓后保存在 /opt/software/nginx-1.28
????????3. 安裝依賴

sudo apt update  # 更新軟件包列表，確保獲取最新的軟件包信息
sudo apt install -y gcc  # 安裝 C 編譯器
sudo apt install -y libpcre3 libpcre3-dev  # 安裝 pcre 庫及開發文件，對應 yum 里的 pcre、pcre-devel
sudo apt install -y zlib1g zlib1g-dev  # 安裝 zlib 庫及開發文件，對應 yum 里的 zlib、zlib-devel

????????4. 配置、編譯和編譯安裝

????????下面命令的操作目錄均為? ?/opt/software/nginx-1.28

????????配置 (指定安裝目錄 /usr/local/nginx，生成 Makefile 文件)

????????./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx

????????編譯和編譯安裝

????????make && make install

2.2 nginx的啟動與停止

?進入到該目錄：/usr/local/nginx/sbin
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin # 進入 nginx 的 sbin 目錄
```
sudo systemctl start nginx
```

停止

sudo systemctl stop nginx  # 立即停止

sudo systemctl quit nginx  # 優雅停止 nginx（停止前完成已經接受的請求）

重新加載
./nginx -s reload # 重新加載配置（不重啟）

2.3配置端口

cd /usr/local/nginx/conf

?該目錄下有一個nginx.conf配置文件，使用vim編輯

vim nginx.conf

2.4管理 Nginx 服務

????????如果是從官網下載的純凈版nginx，則需要手動創建一個?systemd?服務單元文件來管理 Nginx 服務。

創建服務單元文件：創建一個新的服務單元文件?nginx.service：

sudo vi /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service

編寫服務單元文件：（千萬千萬不要寫注釋，會報錯）

[Unit]
Description=Nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target[Service]
User=root
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
PrivateTmp=true[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

重載配置：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

并啟動服務：

sudo systemctl start nginx

檢查服務狀態：

sudo systemctl status nginx

開機自啟服務：

sudo systemctl enable nginx

3 配置jdk環境

3.1安裝jdk1.7：

# Linux 版本
wget https://download.oracle.com/java/17/archive/jdk-17.0.7_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz

使用絕對路徑解壓：

sudo tar -xzf /home/ruxin/jdk-17.0.7_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java/

驗證解壓結果：

ls -la /usr/local/java/
# 應顯示 jdk-17.0.7 目錄

3.2 配置環境變量：

sudo nano /etc/profile

添加：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk-17.0.7
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

生效配置并驗證：

source /etc/profile
java -version  # 應顯示Java 17版本

4.配置MySQL8.0

4.1安裝mysql

參考如下：

Ubuntu安裝mysql8.0數據庫-CSDN博客

使用 apt 命令安裝mysql：

#1、更新安裝包管理工具
sudo apt-get update#2、安裝 mysql數據庫，過程中的選項選擇 y 
sudo apt-get install mysql-server-8.0

?4.2修改配置文件

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

注釋掉：

#bind-address=127.0.0.1
# 或者將其修改為本機的wifi下的IP地址
#mysqlx-bind-address=127.0.0.1

添加：（注意要添加到[mysqld]后面）

character_set_server=utf8