目錄
Python實例題
題目
要求：
解題思路：
代碼實現：
Python實例題
題目
文件內容搜索工具
要求：
- 實現一個命令行工具，用于在指定目錄下搜索包含特定文本的文件。
- 支持以下功能：
- 遞歸搜索子目錄
- 區分大小寫 / 不區分大小寫搜索
- 搜索特定文件類型（如 .txt、.py）
- 顯示匹配行號和上下文
- 統計匹配文件數和匹配行數
- 添加進度顯示和結果高亮功能。
解題思路：
- 使用?
os.walk?遞歸遍歷目錄。 - 通過正則表達式實現文本匹配。
- 利用 ANSI 轉義碼實現終端文本高亮。
代碼實現：
import os
import re
import argparse
from pathlib import Path
from termcolor import colored
import progressbardef search_file(file_path, search_text, case_sensitive=True, context_lines=0):"""在單個文件中搜索文本，返回匹配結果"""matches = []try:with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:lines = f.readlines()for line_num, line in enumerate(lines, 1):if case_sensitive:if search_text in line:matches.append((line_num, line.strip()))else:if search_text.lower() in line.lower():matches.append((line_num, line.strip()))# 添加上下文if context_lines > 0 and matches:result_with_context = []for line_num, line in matches:start = max(1, line_num - context_lines)end = min(len(lines), line_num + context_lines)context = []for i in range(start, end + 1):context_line = lines[i-1].strip()is_match = i == line_numcontext.append((i, context_line, is_match))result_with_context.append(context)return result_with_contextelse:return [(m[0], [m]) for m in matches]except (UnicodeDecodeError, PermissionError) as e:print(f"無法讀取文件 {file_path}: {e}")return []def search_directory(root_dir, search_text, file_extensions=None, case_sensitive=True, recursive=True, context_lines=0, progress_callback=None):"""在目錄中搜索包含特定文本的文件"""total_matches = []file_count = 0match_count = 0# 準備文件擴展名篩選器if file_extensions:file_extensions = [ext.lower() if ext.startswith('.') else f'.{ext}' for ext in file_extensions]# 遍歷目錄for root, _, files in os.walk(root_dir):for filename in files:if file_extensions and not any(filename.lower().endswith(ext) for ext in file_extensions):continuefile_path = os.path.join(root, filename)matches = search_file(file_path, search_text, case_sensitive, context_lines)if matches:total_matches.append((file_path, matches))match_count += len(matches)file_count += 1if progress_callback:progress_callback()if not recursive:breakreturn total_matches, file_count, match_countdef highlight_text(text, search_text, case_sensitive=True):"""高亮顯示匹配的文本"""if not case_sensitive:pattern = re.compile(re.escape(search_text), re.IGNORECASE)else:pattern = re.compile(re.escape(search_text))return pattern.sub(colored(r'\g<0>', 'red', attrs=['bold']), text)def main():parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='文件內容搜索工具')parser.add_argument('directory', help='搜索目錄')parser.add_argument('search_text', help='要搜索的文本')parser.add_argument('-e', '--extensions', nargs='+', help='限制搜索的文件擴展名，例如: txt py')parser.add_argument('-i', '--ignore-case', action='store_true', help='忽略大小寫')parser.add_argument('-r', '--recursive', action='store_true', help='遞歸搜索子目錄')parser.add_argument('-c', '--context', type=int, default=0, help='顯示匹配行的上下文行數')args = parser.parse_args()# 驗證目錄是否存在if not os.path.isdir(args.directory):print(f"錯誤: 目錄 '{args.directory}' 不存在")return# 計算總文件數用于進度顯示total_files = 0for root, _, files in os.walk(args.directory):if args.extensions:files = [f for f in files if any(f.lower().endswith(ext) for ext in args.extensions)]total_files += len(files)if not args.recursive:breakprint(f"在目錄 '{args.directory}' 中搜索 '{args.search_text}'...")print(f"總文件數: {total_files}")# 創建進度條widgets = ['搜索進度: ', progressbar.Percentage(),' ', progressbar.Bar(marker='█', fill='-'),' ', progressbar.ETA()]bar = progressbar.ProgressBar(max_value=total_files, widgets=widgets).start()progress_counter = [0] # 使用列表以便在閉包中修改def update_progress():progress_counter[0] += 1bar.update(progress_counter[0])# 執行搜索matches, file_count, match_count = search_directory(args.directory, args.search_text, args.extensions, not args.ignore_case, args.recursive, args.context,update_progress)bar.finish()# 顯示結果print(f"\n搜索完成！")print(f"匹配文件數: {file_count}")print(f"匹配行數: {match_count}")if matches:print("\n匹配結果:")for file_path, file_matches in matches:print(f"\n{colored(file_path, 'blue', attrs=['underline'])}")for context in file_matches:for line_num, line_text, is_match in context:prefix = colored(f"{line_num:>5} | ", 'cyan')if is_match:line_text = highlight_text(line_text, args.search_text, not args.ignore_case)print(prefix + colored(line_text, 'yellow'))else:print(prefix + line_text)else:print("\n沒有找到匹配的內容。")if __name__ == "__main__":main()
