1. 性能優化全景圖

1.1 優化維度概覽

1.2 優化效果指標

優化項	優化前	優化后	提升
構建時間	120s	40s	66.7%
首屏加載	4.5s	1.8s	60%
打包體積	5.2MB	1.8MB	65.4%

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2. 構建速度優化

2.1 緩存策略

// webpack.config.js
module.exports = {cache: {type: 'filesystem',buildDependencies: {config: [__filename]}}
}

2.2 并行處理

const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin')module.exports = {optimization: {minimize: true,minimizer: [new TerserPlugin({parallel: true,terserOptions: {compress: true,mangle: true}})],}
}

2.3 減少構建范圍

module.exports = {module: {rules: [{test: /\.js$/,exclude: /node_modules/,use: 'babel-loader'}]}
}

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3. 輸出質量優化

3.1 代碼分割

module.exports = {optimization: {splitChunks: {chunks: 'all',cacheGroups: {vendors: {test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,name: 'vendors',chunks: 'all'}}}}
}

3.2 Tree Shaking

module.exports = {mode: 'production',optimization: {usedExports: true,sideEffects: true}
}

3.3 壓縮優化

const CssMinimizerPlugin = require('css-minimizer-webpack-plugin')module.exports = {optimization: {minimizer: [new CssMinimizerPlugin({minimizerOptions: {preset: ['default',{discardComments: { removeAll: true }}]}})]}
}

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4. 運行時性能優化

4.1 懶加載

// React 示例
const LazyComponent = React.lazy(() => import('./LazyComponent'))function MyComponent() {return (<Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}><LazyComponent /></Suspense>)
}

4.2 預加載

import(/* webpackPreload: true */ 'ChartingLibrary')

4.3 資源優化

module.exports = {module: {rules: [{test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)$/,use: [{loader: 'image-webpack-loader',options: {mozjpeg: {progressive: true,quality: 65},pngquant: {quality: [0.65, 0.90],speed: 4}}}]}]}
}

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5. 高級優化策略

5.1 持久化緩存

module.exports = {output: {filename: '[name].[contenthash].js',chunkFilename: '[name].[contenthash].js'}
}

5.2 模塊聯邦

// app1/webpack.config.js
module.exports = {plugins: [new ModuleFederationPlugin({name: 'app1',filename: 'remoteEntry.js',exposes: {'./Button': './src/Button'}})]
}// app2/webpack.config.js
module.exports = {plugins: [new ModuleFederationPlugin({name: 'app2',remotes: {app1: 'app1@http://localhost:3001/remoteEntry.js'}})]
}

5.3 性能分析

const { BundleAnalyzerPlugin } = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer')module.exports = {plugins: [new BundleAnalyzerPlugin({analyzerMode: 'static',reportFilename: 'report.html',openAnalyzer: false})]
}

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6. 優化效果驗證

6.1 構建速度分析

# 安裝 speed-measure-webpack-plugin
npm install --save-dev speed-measure-webpack-plugin# 配置使用
const SpeedMeasurePlugin = require('speed-measure-webpack-plugin')
const smp = new SpeedMeasurePlugin()module.exports = smp.wrap({// webpack 配置
})

6.2 性能監控

// 使用 web-vitals 監控核心性能指標
import { getCLS, getFID, getLCP } from 'web-vitals'function sendToAnalytics(metric) {console.log(metric)
}getCLS(sendToAnalytics)
getFID(sendToAnalytics)
getLCP(sendToAnalytics)

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7. 最佳實踐總結

7.1 優化策略

1. 構建速度：

   • 啟用緩存
   • 并行處理
   • 減少構建范圍

2. 輸出質量：

   • 代碼分割
   • Tree Shaking
   • 壓縮優化

3. 運行時性能：

   • 懶加載
   • 預加載
   • 資源優化

7.2 持續優化

1. 定期分析：使用分析工具持續監控
2. 漸進式優化：逐步實施優化策略
3. 團隊協作：建立優化規范和流程

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8. 擴展閱讀

• Webpack 官方文檔
• Web 性能優化指南
• 前端性能優化實戰

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通過本文的系統講解，開發者可以全面掌握 Webpack 性能優化的各項策略與技巧。建議結合實際項目需求，制定合理的優化方案，持續提升應用性能。