最近更新時間：2019-02-20
Gin 是一個 go 寫的 web 框架，具有高性能的優點。官方地址：https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin
目錄
[TOC]
安裝
要安裝Gin包，首先需要安裝Go并設置Go工作區
1、下載并安裝
$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
2、在代碼中導入它
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
使用包管理工具Govendor安裝
1、go get govendor(安裝)
$ go get github.com/kardianos/govendor
2、創建項目文件夾并進入文件夾
GOPATH/src/github.com/myusername/project && cd "$_"
3、初始化項目并添加 gin
$ govendor init
4、復制一個模板到你的項目
5、運行項目
$ go run main.go
前提
使用gin需要Go的版本號為1.6或更高
快速入門
package main
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"message": "pong",
})
})
r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
}
代碼示例
使用 GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS
func main() {
// Disable Console Color
// gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// 使用默認中間件創建一個gin路由器
// logger and recovery (crash-free) 中間件
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someGet", getting)
router.POST("/somePost", posting)
router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
// 默認啟動的是 8080端口，也可以自己定義啟動端口
router.Run()
// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}
獲取路徑中的參數
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 此規則能夠匹配/user/john這種格式，但不能匹配/user/ 或 /user這種格式
router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
})
// 但是，這個規則既能匹配/user/john/格式也能匹配/user/john/send這種格式
// 如果沒有其他路由器匹配/user/john，它將重定向到/user/john/
router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
action := c.Param("action")
message := name + " is " + action
c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
獲取Get參數
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 匹配的url格式: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
lastname := c.Query("lastname") // 是 c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname") 的簡寫
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
獲取Post參數
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
message := c.PostForm("message")
nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous") // 此方法可以設置默認值
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"status": "posted",
"message": message,
"nick": nick,
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
Get + Post 混合
示例：
POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
name=manu&message=this_is_great
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
id := c.Query("id")
page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
name := c.PostForm("name")
message := c.PostForm("message")
fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
結果：id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
上傳文件
單文件上傳
上傳文件的文件名可以由用戶自定義，所以可能包含非法字符串，為了安全起見，應該由服務端統一文件名規則
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 給表單限制上傳大小 (默認 32 MiB)
// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// 單文件
file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
log.Println(file.Filename)
// 上傳文件到指定的路徑
// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
curl 測試：
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
多文件上傳
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// 給表單限制上傳大小 (默認 32 MiB)
// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// 多文件
form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
files := form.File["upload[]"]
for _, file := range files {
log.Println(file.Filename)
// 上傳文件到指定的路徑
// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
}
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
curl 測試：
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
路由分組
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Simple group: v1
v1 := router.Group("/v1")
{
v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
// Simple group: v2
v2 := router.Group("/v2")
{
v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
router.Run(":8080")
}
無中間件啟動
使用
r := gin.New()
代替
// 默認啟動方式，包含 Logger、Recovery 中間件
r := gin.Default()
使用中間件
func main() {
// 創建一個不包含中間件的路由器
r := gin.New()
// 全局中間件
// 使用 Logger 中間件
r.Use(gin.Logger())
// 使用 Recovery 中間件
r.Use(gin.Recovery())
// 路由添加中間件，可以添加任意多個
r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
// 路由組中添加中間件
// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
// exactly the same as:
authorized := r.Group("/")
// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
{
authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
// nested group
testing := authorized.Group("testing")
testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
}
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
寫日志文件
func main() {
// 禁用控制臺顏色
gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// 創建記錄日志的文件
f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
// 如果需要將日志同時寫入文件和控制臺，請使用以下代碼
// gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
自定義日志格式
func main() {
router := gin.New()
// LoggerWithFormatter 中間件會將日志寫入 gin.DefaultWriter
// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {
// 你的自定義格式
return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",
param.ClientIP,
param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),
param.Method,
param.Path,
param.Request.Proto,
param.StatusCode,
param.Latency,
param.Request.UserAgent(),
param.ErrorMessage,
)
}))
router.Use(gin.Recovery())
router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
輸出示例：
::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767μs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "
模型綁定和驗證
若要將請求主體綁定到結構體中，請使用模型綁定，目前支持JSON、XML、YAML和標準表單值(foo=bar&boo=baz)的綁定。
需要在綁定的字段上設置tag，比如，綁定格式為json，需要這樣設置 json:"fieldname" 。
此外，Gin還提供了兩套綁定方法：
Must bind
Methods - Bind, BindJSON, BindXML, BindQuery, BindYAML
Behavior - 這些方法底層使用 MustBindWith，如果存在綁定錯誤，請求將被以下指令中止 c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)，響應狀態代碼會被設置為400，請求頭Content-Type被設置為text/plain; charset=utf-8。注意，如果你試圖在此之后設置響應代碼，將會發出一個警告 [GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422，如果你希望更好地控制行為，請使用ShouldBind相關的方法
Should bind
Methods - ShouldBind, ShouldBindJSON, ShouldBindXML, ShouldBindQuery, ShouldBindYAML
Behavior - 這些方法底層使用 ShouldBindWith，如果存在綁定錯誤，則返回錯誤，開發人員可以正確處理請求和錯誤。
當我們使用綁定方法時，Gin會根據Content-Type推斷出使用哪種綁定器，如果你確定你綁定的是什么，你可以使用MustBindWith或者BindingWith。
你還可以給字段指定特定規則的修飾符，如果一個字段用binding:"required"修飾，并且在綁定時該字段的值為空，那么將返回一個錯誤。
// 綁定為json
type Login struct {
User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`
Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
var json Login
if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding XML (
// <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
//
// user
// 123
// )
router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
var xml Login
if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
var form Login
// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}
請求示例：
$ curl -v -X POST \
http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
-H 'content-type: application/json' \
-d '{ "user": "manu" }'
> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:8080
> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
> Accept: */*
> content-type: application/json
> Content-Length: 18
>
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
< Content-Length: 100
<
{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
跳過驗證：
當使用上面的curl命令運行上面的示例時，返回錯誤，因為示例中Password字段使用了binding:"required"，如果我們使用binding:"-"，那么它就不會報錯。
自定義驗證器
Gin允許我們自定義參數驗證器，參考1，參考2，參考3
package main
import (
"net/http"
"reflect"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
"gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8"
)
// Booking contains binded and validated data.
type Booking struct {
CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
}
func bookableDate(
v *validator.Validate, topStruct reflect.Value, currentStructOrField reflect.Value,
field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.Type, fieldKind reflect.Kind, param string,
) bool {
if date, ok := field.Interface().(time.Time); ok {
today := time.Now()
if today.Year() > date.Year() || today.YearDay() > date.YearDay() {
return false
}
}
return true
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {
v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
}
route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
var b Booking
if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
}
}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-04-16&check_out=2018-04-17"
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-03-08&check_out=2018-03-09"
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}
只綁定Get參數
ShouldBindQuery 函數只綁定Get參數，不綁定post數據，查看詳細信息
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.Any("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
}
c.String(200, "Success")
}
綁定Get參數或者Post參數
查看詳細信息，這個例子很有用，可以自己實踐一下
package main
import (
"log"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.GET("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
// 如果是Get，那么接收不到請求中的Post的數據？？
// 如果是Post, 首先判斷 `content-type` 的類型 `JSON` or `XML`, 然后使用對應的綁定器獲取數據.
// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48
if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
log.Println(person.Birthday)
}
c.String(200, "Success")
}
綁定uri
package main
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
type Person struct {
ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`
Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {
c.JSON(400, gin.H{"msg": err})
return
}
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})
})
route.Run(":8088")
}
測試用例：
$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3
$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid
綁定HTML復選框
main.go
...
type myForm struct {
Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
}
...
func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
var fakeForm myForm
c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
}
...
form.html
Check some colors
Red
Green
Blue
result:
{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
綁定Post參數
package main
import (
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type LoginForm struct {
User string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
// or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
var form LoginForm
// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
if c.ShouldBind(&form) == nil {
if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
} else {
c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
}
}
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
測試用例：
$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
XML、JSON、YAML和ProtoBuf 渲染(輸出格式)
即接口返回的數據格式
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
// You also can use a struct
var msg struct {
Name string `json:"user"`
Message string
Number int
}
msg.Name = "Lena"
msg.Message = "hey"
msg.Number = 123
// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
})
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {
reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}
label := "test"
// The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.
data := &protoexample.Test{
Label: &label,
Reps: reps,
}
// Note that data becomes binary data in the response
// Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data
c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
SecureJSON
使用SecureJSON可以防止json劫持，如果返回的數據是數組，則會默認在返回值前加上"while(1)"
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// 可以自定義返回的json數據前綴
// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
// 將會輸出: while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
JSONP
使用JSONP可以跨域傳輸，如果參數中存在回調參數，那么返回的參數將是回調函數的形式
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {
data := map[string]interface{}{
"foo": "bar",
}
// 訪問 http://localhost:8080/JSONP?callback=call
// 將會輸出: call({foo:"bar"})
c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
AsciiJSON
使用AsciiJSON將使特殊字符編碼
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
data := map[string]interface{}{
"lang": "GO語言",
"tag": "
",
}
// 將輸出: {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}
c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
PureJSON
通常情況下，JSON會將特殊的HTML字符替換為對應的unicode字符，比如
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Serves unicode entities
r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"html": "Hello, world!",
})
})
// Serves literal characters
r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.PureJSON(200, gin.H{
"html": "Hello, world!",
})
})
// listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
設置靜態文件路徑
訪問靜態文件需要先設置路徑
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}
返回第三方獲取的數據
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {
response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")
if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
return
}
reader := response.Body
contentLength := response.ContentLength
contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")
extraHeaders := map[string]string{
"Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,
}
c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
HTML渲染
使用LoadHTMLGlob() 或者 LoadHTMLFiles()
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Main website",
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
templates/index.tmpl
{{ .title }}
在不同目錄中使用具有相同名稱的模板
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Posts",
})
})
router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Users",
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
templates/posts/index.tmpl
{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
{{ .title }}
Using posts/index.tmpl
{{ end }}
templates/users/index.tmpl
{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
{{ .title }}
Using users/index.tmpl
{{ end }}
自定義模板渲染器
import "html/template"
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
router.Run(":8080")
}
自定義渲染分隔符
r := gin.Default()
r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")
自定義模板函數
main.go
import (
"fmt"
"html/template"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
year, month, day := t.Date()
return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
"formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
})
router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")
router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", map[string]interface{}{
"now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
raw.tmpl
然后就可以在html中直接使用formatAsDate函數了
Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
Result:
Date: 2017/07/01
多個模板文件
Gin默認情況下只允許使用一個html模板文件(即一次可以加載多個模板文件)，點擊這里查看實現案例
重定向
發布HTTP重定向很容易，支持內部和外部鏈接
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})
Gin路由重定向，使用如下的HandleContext
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"
r.HandleContext(c)
})
r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})
})
自定義中間件
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
return func(c *gin.Context) {
t := time.Now()
// Set example variable
c.Set("example", "12345")
// before request
c.Next()
// after request
latency := time.Since(t)
log.Print(latency)
// access the status we are sending
status := c.Writer.Status()
log.Println(status)
}
}
func main() {
r := gin.New()
r.Use(Logger())
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
// it would print: "12345"
log.Println(example)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
使用BasicAuth()(驗證)中間件
// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
"foo": "bar",
"austin": "1234",
"lena": "hello2",
"manu": "4321",
}))
// /admin/secrets endpoint
// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
// get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
}
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
中間件中使用Goroutines
在中間件或處理程序中啟動新的Goroutines時，你不應該使用其中的原始上下文，你必須使用只讀副本(c.Copy())
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
// 創建要在goroutine中使用的副本
cCp := c.Copy()
go func() {
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
// 這里使用你創建的副本
log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
}()
})
r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
// 這里沒有使用goroutine，所以不用使用副本
log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
自定義HTTP配置
直接像這樣使用http.ListenAndServe()
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}
或者
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
s := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router,
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
}
s.ListenAndServe()
}
支持Let's Encrypt證書
1行代碼實現LetsEncrypt HTTPS服務器
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Ping handler
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
}
自定義autocert管理器的示例
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// Ping handler
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
m := autocert.Manager{
Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,
HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
}
log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
}
Gin運行多個服務
請參閱問題并嘗試以下示例
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)
var (
g errgroup.Group
)
func router01() http.Handler {
e := gin.New()
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(
http.StatusOK,
gin.H{
"code": http.StatusOK,
"error": "Welcome server 01",
},
)
})
return e
}
func router02() http.Handler {
e := gin.New()
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(
http.StatusOK,
gin.H{
"code": http.StatusOK,
"error": "Welcome server 02",
},
)
})
return e
}
func main() {
server01 := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router01(),
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
}
server02 := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8081",
Handler: router02(),
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
}
g.Go(func() error {
return server01.ListenAndServe()
})
g.Go(func() error {
return server02.ListenAndServe()
})
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
優雅重啟或停止
想要優雅地重啟或停止你的Web服務器，使用下面的方法
我們可以使用fvbock/endless來替換默認的ListenAndServe，有關詳細信息，請參閱問題＃296
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", handler)
// [...]
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
一個替換方案
manners：一個Go HTTP服務器，能優雅的關閉
graceful：Graceful是一個go的包，支持優雅地關閉http.Handler服務器
grace：對Go服務器進行優雅的重啟和零停機部署
如果你的Go版本是1.8，你可能不需要使用這個庫，考慮使用http.Server內置的Shutdown()方法進行優雅關閉，查看例子
// +build go1.8
package main
import (
"context"
"log"
"net/http"
"os"
"os/signal"
"time"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
})
srv := &http.Server{
Addr: ":8080",
Handler: router,
}
go func() {
// service connections
if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
log.Fatalf("listen: %s\n", err)
}
}()
// Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
// a timeout of 5 seconds.
quit := make(chan os.Signal)
signal.Notify(quit, os.Interrupt)
log.Println("Shutdown Server ...")
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
defer cancel()
if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
log.Fatal("Server Shutdown:", err)
}
log.Println("Server exiting")
}
構建包含模板的二進制文件
你可以使用go-assets將服務器構建成一個包含模板的二進制文件
func main() {
r := gin.New()
t, err := loadTemplate()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
r.SetHTMLTemplate(t)
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil)
})
r.Run(":8080")
}
// loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder
func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {
t := template.New("")
for name, file := range Assets.Files {
if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") {
continue
}
h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
return t, nil
}
請參見examples/assets-in-binary目錄中的例子
使用自定義結構綁定表單數據
以下示例使用自定義結構
type StructA struct {
FieldA string `form:"field_a"`
}
type StructB struct {
NestedStruct StructA
FieldB string `form:"field_b"`
}
type StructC struct {
NestedStructPointer *StructA
FieldC string `form:"field_c"`
}
type StructD struct {
NestedAnonyStruct struct {
FieldX string `form:"field_x"`
}
FieldD string `form:"field_d"`
}
func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructB
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"a": b.NestedStruct,
"b": b.FieldB,
})
}
func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructC
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"a": b.NestedStructPointer,
"c": b.FieldC,
})
}
func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {
var b StructD
c.Bind(&b)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,
"d": b.FieldD,
})
}
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)
r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)
r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)
r.Run()
}
運行示例：
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"
{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}
$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"
{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}
注意：不支持以下樣式結構
type StructX struct {
X struct {} `form:"name_x"` // HERE have form
}
type StructY struct {
Y StructX `form:"name_y"` // HERE have form
}
type StructZ struct {
Z *StructZ `form:"name_z"` // HERE have form
}
總之，現在只支持現在沒有form標簽的自定義結構
將請求體綁定到不同的結構體中
綁定請求體的常規方法使用c.Request.Body，并且不能多次調用
type formA struct {
Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`
}
type formB struct {
Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`
}
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
objA := formA{}
objB := formB{}
// This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.
if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
// Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.
} else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)
} else {
...
}
}
同樣，你能使用c.ShouldBindBodyWith
func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {
objA := formA{}
objB := formB{}
// This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.
if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)
// At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.
} else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)
// And it can accepts other formats
} else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {
c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)
} else {
...
}
}
c.ShouldBindBodyWith 在綁定之前將body存儲到上下文中，這對性能有輕微影響，因此如果你要立即調用，則不應使用此方法
此功能僅適用于這些格式 -- JSON, XML, MsgPack, ProtoBuf。對于其他格式，Query, Form, FormPost, FormMultipart, 可以被c.ShouldBind()多次調用而不影響性能(參考 #1341)
HTTP/2 服務器推送
http.Pusher只支持Go 1.8或更高版本，有關詳細信息，請參閱golang博客
package main
import (
"html/template"
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`
Https TestWelcome, Ginner!
`))
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.Static("/assets", "./assets")
r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {
// use pusher.Push() to do server push
if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {
log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)
}
}
c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{
"status": "success",
})
})
// Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080
r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")
}
自定義路由日志的格式
默認的路由日志是這樣的：
[GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)
[GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)
如果你想以給定的格式記錄這些信息(例如 JSON，鍵值對或其他格式)，你可以使用gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc來定義格式，在下面的示例中，我們使用標準日志包記錄路由日志，你可以使用其他適合你需求的日志工具
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {
log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)
}
r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")
})
r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")
})
r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")
})
// Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run()
}
設置并獲取cookie
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {
cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")
if err != nil {
cookie = "NotSet"
c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)
}
fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)
})
router.Run()
}
測試
net/http/httptest包是http測試的首選方式
package main
func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(200, "pong")
})
return r
}
func main() {
r := setupRouter()
r.Run(":8080")
}
測試上面的示例代碼
package main
import (
"net/http"
"net/http/httptest"
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)
func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {
router := setupRouter()
w := httptest.NewRecorder()
req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil)
router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())
}
用戶
以下是使用Gin的一些用戶
drone: Drone is a Continuous Delivery platform built on Docker, written in Go.
gorush: A push notification server written in Go.
fnproject: The container native, cloud agnostic serverless platform.
photoprism: Personal photo management powered by Go and Google TensorFlow.
krakend: Ultra performant API Gateway with middlewares.
picfit: An image resizing server written in Go.
)
