簡述
python連接微軟的sql server數據庫用的第三方模塊叫做pymssql（document：http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/index.html）。在官方文檔可以看到，pymssql是基于_mssql模塊做的封裝，是為了遵守python的DBAPI規范接口. 兩者之間的關系如下圖：
1.使用pymssql連接sql server數據庫并實現數據庫基本操作(官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/pymssql.html )
1）基本語法
importpymssql
server= "187.32.43.13" # 連接服務器地址user= "root" # 連接帳號password= "1234" # 連接密碼conn= pymssql.connect(server, user, password, "連接默認數據庫名稱") #獲取連接
cursor=conn.cursor() # 獲取光標
# 創建表
cursor.execute("""IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE persons
CREATE TABLE persons (
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(100),
salesrep VARCHAR(100),
PRIMARY KEY(id)
)""")
# 插入多行數據
cursor.executemany("INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)",
[(1, 'John Smith', 'John Doe'),
(2, 'Jane Doe', 'Joe Dog'),
(3, 'Mike T.', 'Sarah H.')])#你必須調用 commit() 來保持你數據的提交如果你沒有將自動提交設置為true
conn.commit()
# 查詢數據
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')
# 遍歷數據（存放到元組中） 方式1
row=cursor.fetchone()whilerow:print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1]))
row=cursor.fetchone()
# 遍歷數據（存放到元組中） 方式2
for row in cursor:
print('row = %r' % (row,))
# 遍歷數據（存放到字典中）
# cursor = conn.cursor(as_dict=True)
#
# cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')
# for row in cursor:
# print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))
#
# conn.close()
# 關閉連接
conn.close()
# 注：在任何時候，在一個連接下，一次正在執行的數據庫操作只會出現一個cursor對象
2）同時，如果你可以使用另一種語法：with 來避免手動關閉cursors和connection連接
importpymssql
server= "187.32.43.13" #連接服務器地址
user = "root" #連接帳號
password = "1234" #連接密碼
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password,"你的連接默認數據庫名稱") as conn:
with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor: #數據存放到字典中
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')for row incursor:print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))
3）調用存儲過程：
with pymssql.connect(server, user, password, "tempdb") as conn:
with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor:
cursor.execute("""CREATE PROCEDURE FindPerson
@name VARCHAR(100)
AS BEGIN
SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = @name
END""")
cursor.callproc('FindPerson', ('Jane Doe',))for row incursor:print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))
2.使用_mssql連接sql server數據庫并實現操作（官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/_mssql.html）
1）基本語法：
import_mssql#創建連接
conn = _mssql.connect(server='SQL01', user='user', password='password', \
database='mydatabase')
print(conn.timeout)
print(conn.login_timeout)#創建table
conn.execute_non_query('CREATE TABLE persons(id INT, name VARCHAR(100))')#insert數據
conn.execute_non_query("INSERT INTO persons VALUES(1, 'John Doe')")
conn.execute_non_query("INSERT INTO persons VALUES(2, 'Jane Doe')")#查詢操作
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')for row inconn:print "ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name'])#查詢數量count()
numemployees = conn.execute_scalar("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees")#查詢一條數據
employeedata = conn.execute_row("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=%d", 13)#帶參數查詢的幾個例子：
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id=%d', 13)
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%s', 'John Doe')
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', ((5, 6),))
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name LIKE %s', 'J%')
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%(name)s AND city=%(city)s', \
{'name': 'John Doe', 'city': 'Nowhere'} )
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM cust WHERE salesrep=%s AND id IN (%s)', \
('John Doe', (1, 2, 3)))
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', (tuple(xrange(4)),))
conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', \
(tuple([3, 5, 7, 11]),))#關閉連接
conn.close()
pymssql托管在Github上：https://github.com/pymssql
